The document provides information about bats, including: - The smallest bat is the Craseonycteris thonglongyai and the biggest is Pteropus spp. - Bats are the only mammals capable of true flight. Their anatomy includes wings made of skin stretched between elongated bones. - Bats feed on fruits, insects, small mammals, fish, and some vampire bats feed exclusively on blood. - Bats reproduce through promiscuous mating and gestation periods range from 40 days to 8 months. - Diseases transmitted from bats to humans include rabies, Ebola, SARS, and Nipah virus. - Bats play an important ecological role as pollin

1. BAT
ID-1801170-78
Department of Medicine
Faculty of Veterinary Science
Bangladesh Agricultural University
HELLO!

2. CONTENTS
• About bats
• Taxonomy
• Anatomy
• Feed and feeding
• Reproduction
• Restraining
• Diseases
• Conclusion

3. About bats
• Smallest bat: Craseonycteris thonglongyai
• Biggest bat: Pteropus spp.
• White bat: Honduran White bat
• Longest living bat: Myotis lucifique
• Only mammal capable of flying
• Life span: 10-25 years (Longest living bat- 33 years)
• Normal body temperature: 37° C
• Sense of smell and hearing: Excellent
• Normal physiology: Nocturnal and stays caves, trees, manmade
structures
• Locomotion: Echolocation. Only the smaller species of bats use
echolocation as their main means of orienting themselves. Bigger
bats can see better than humans.

4. Honduran White bat
Smallest bat
Biggest bat
Longest living bat

5. Taxonomy
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Suborder 1: Megachiroptera
Suborder 2: Microchiroptera
Suborder 1: Megachiroptera
Suborder 2: Microchiroptera
Family: Pteropodidae
(They are the fruit and
blossom bats- 166 species)
(Commonly known as
Echolocating bats- 7 superfamily
containing 17 families)

6. Family: Pteropodidae
Common name Scientific name
Dog faced fruit bat Cynopteris brachyotis
Indian flying fox Pteropus giganteus
Island flying fox Pteropus hypomelanus
Malayan flying fox Pteropus rampyrus

7. Dog faced fruit bat
Indian flying fox
Island flying fox

8. Suborder 2: Microchiroptera
Super-family: Vespertilionoidea (Evening bats)
Family: Vespertilionidae
Genus: Myotis
Species: Myotis myotis (Mouse-eared bat)
Super-family: Molossoidea
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Tadarida
Species: Tadarida brasiliensis (Free-tailed bats)
Super-family: Rhinolophoidea (Horse-shoe bats)
Family: Rhinolophidea
Genus: Rhinolophus
Species: Rhinolophus hipposideros
(Lesser horse-shoe bat)
Super-family: Noctilionoidea (Vampire bats)
Family: Phyllostomidae
Genus: Myotis
Species: Desmodus rotundus (Common vampire bat)

9. Mouse-eared bat
Free-tailed bats
Lesser horse-shoe bat
Common vampire bat

10. Anatomy
• Bats are the only mammals capable of true
flight, that is, flight powered by muscular
movement as distinct from gliding.
• The wing is a double membrane of skin
stretched between the enormously elongated
bones of four fingers and extending along the
body from the forelimbs to the hind limbs and
from there to the tail.
• The chest and shoulders are large and well-
muscled to provide power to the wings.

11. • The hips and legs are slender, as they do not usually
support any body weight.
• Microbats lack the claw at the second toe of the
forelimb
• Microbats lack under fur, they have only guard hairs
or are naked
• The caecum and appendix are absent and although
the left lung is undivided but the right lung is
subdivided into cranial, middle, caudal and accessory
lobes
Anatomy

12. Feeds and feedings
• Megachiropterans are mainly fruit-eaters
• Indian fruit bats- cabbage, lettuce, dog chow softened
in water, monkey chow, sweet potato and tomato
• Straw-colored fruit bats- mealworms, mice, chopped
meat
• Microbats relay mainly on insects, blood, small
mammals, and fish
• A single little brown bat, which has a body no bigger
than an adult human's thumb, can eat 4 to 8 grams (the
weight of about a grape or two) of insects each night.

13. Feeds and feedings (cont.)
• Vampire bats are sanguivores, organisms that
feed upon the blood of other animals. They are
the only mammals that feed exclusively on blood.
Despite horror-movie depictions, vampire bats
very rarely bite humans to feed on their blood
• It doesn't suck blood. It uses heat sensors to find
a victim's veins. Sharp teeth cut the animal, and
the bat simply laps up what oozes out.
Vampire bats taking blood meal
from a cow

14. Reproduction
• Promiscuous (Each individual mates with several
others)
• Gestation periods are relatively long (40 days to 8
months)
• Baby bat is termed pup
• Bats often form nursery roosts
• Pups may be seen feed on other mothers if their
mother is dry

15. • Young microbats become independent at the age of 6 to 8
weeks on the other hand, megabats while they are four
months old
• At two years of age bats are sexually mature
• Astonishingly, females give birth while hanging upside
down! The mother pushes her pup out of her womb
towards her feet and then catch it to prevent it from falling
to the ground
• The mating process often takes place at night, with the male
bat awakening the female by biting her on the neck and
then initiating copulation.
Reproduction
Mother bat carrying pup

16. Mother bat-carrying pup

17. Restraining
Restraining can be of two types:
a. Physical restraining
b. Chemical restraining
a. Physical restraint
• Their thumbs and claws are enabled enough to do harm
to the handler
• Small and large bats are restrained by grasping the nape of
the neck with short and long sleeved leather gloves,
respectively
• Towel or drape is also used to confine the limbs and cover
head of the bat
• Nets, forceps and thick gloves are used for handling
vampire bats
Vampire bats

18. Restraining (cont.)
b. Chemical restraining
• Ketamine alone @30-37.5 mg/kg IM {Short
term, poor muscle relaxation, long time to
recover}
• Xylazine @2 mg/kg and Ketamine @10 mg/kg
IM in combination {Short term, good muscle
relaxation, quiet recovery}

19. Diseases
• Bats are regarded as the carrier of many deadly diseases
• Still bats can get sick just like humans and other animals
1. White-nose syndrome (WNS) - White-nose
syndrome is caused by a fungus,
Pseudogymnoascus destructans, that infects skin of
the muzzle, ears, and wings of hibernating bats
killing millions
2. Salmonellosis
3. Dilated cardiomyopathy
4. Hypovitaminosis and
5. External parasites
White-nose syndrome (WNS)

20. Diseases (cont.)
Bats are responsible for some of the most fear-inducing zoonotic viruses — those
that spread from animals to humans — in recent memory. Ebola, SARS, Marburg,
Nipah and more have been traced to the world's only mammal capable of sustained
flight.
Diseases where bat to man transmission are observed:
Rabies virus
European Bat Lyssavirus type 1 Acute fatal encephalitis
European Bat Lyssavirus type 2 Acute fatal encephalitis
Filoviridae
Ebola virus Ebola haemorrhagic fever
Marburg virus Marburg hemorrhagic fever

21. Coronaviridae
SARS-CoV Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
MERS-CoV Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome
Paramyxoviridae
Nipah virus Nipah disease (severe encephalitis)
Hendra virus Hendra disease (fatal respiratory disease)
Diseases (cont.)
Diseases where bat to man transmission are observed:
Bacterial diseases
• Bartonellosis
• Leptospirosis
• Enterobacteriaceae
• Pasteurellosis
Bat also transmit other pathogens and of great importance.

22. Conclusion
Bats play key roles in ecosystems around the globe. The
ecological roles of bats include pollinating and dispersing the
seeds of hundreds of species of plants. For example, bats
serve as major pollinators of many types of cacti that open
their flowers only at night, when bats are active. In addition,
bats eat copious quantities of insects and other arthropods.
Bats are an important reservoir of several pathogenic agents,
mainly viruses, and many of them have already caused
disease outbreaks worldwide. The increasing rate of bat-
associated infections is also supported by an expanding
overlap between bat and human habitats.

23. Speaking of bat droppings, also known as guano, they are high in
potassium nitrate (saltpeter) and are often used as fertilizer.
You should avoid handling bats because several species, such as
the hoary and big brown bats, have large teeth that can puncture
skin if they are handled improperly.
The best way to protect yourself and bats is to stay away from
them and get medical care if you come in contact with them.
Conclusion
Sleeping bat

24. Sources
1. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science by Professor Dr. M. A. Samad
2. www.bat.org.uk
3. www.dnr.maryland.gov
4. www.ncbi.gov
5. www.britanica.com

25. Thank you!!