Presentation on a Wednesday Book Review at Gandhi Study Centre on 28th March 2018 by Sivasankar Babu.
"Journey of Money" ( in tamil ) explains from the beginning of barter , the use of rare items, such as gold as store for value, move over to coins and then change over to paper currency by banks, delinking of Reserve/ Gold with currency, plastic money, e-money and finally to bitcoin in 46 episodes. . As part of the journey it also explains the economic theories, the stock market, the industrial revolution, the global impact of the World Wars, the inflation of money, what is the value of today's money, the current position of the Indian economy, Demonitization history and the impact of current De-mon.
The document provides an 18-day itinerary for a tour exploring sites related to the 1857 uprising in India and the British Raj. The tour begins in Delhi and visits sites connected to key events and battles of the uprising in Delhi, Meerut, Agra, Gwalior, Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, and Kolkata. The itinerary provides details on historical figures, battles, and locations connected to each day's activities. The tour is aimed at connoisseur tourists interested in the history and legacy of the 1857 uprising and British colonial rule in India.
Maritime trade has a long history in India dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization. During this period, the Harappans established an extensive maritime trade network connecting India to Mesopotamia and other parts of Western Asia. Major exports included timber, ivory, and luxury goods like lapis lazuli. The trade continued and expanded after the decline of the Harappans. Under the Mauryan Empire in the 4th-3rd centuries BCE, maritime trade flourished as the state established rules and infrastructure to regulate ports and trade. Major trading partners included regions along the Red Sea like Egypt and East Africa. In later centuries, India engaged in extensive trade with Rome, Byzantium, Southeast Asia,
Indo-Roman trade flourished between the 2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE along maritime and land routes. Major ports included Barygaza, Muziris, and Arikamedu where goods like spices, textiles, gems were exchanged for Roman gold, glass, and wine. Archaeological evidence from over 130 sites including coins, artifacts and remains confirm a strong economic relationship between Rome and the Indian empires, facilitated by the monsoon winds and organized trading networks.
Indo-Roman trade flourished between the 1st century BCE to 2nd century CE due to the political and economic strength of the Roman Empire and the rise of kingdoms in India like the Kushans and Satavahanas. Key commodities traded were spices, textiles, gems from India and glass, wine, and metals from Rome. Major ports involved in the trade included Barygaza, Muziris, and Arikamedu. Archaeological evidence like amphorae, coins, and other artifacts provide evidence of extensive trade networks and cultural exchange between the two regions.
Some questions from the BC Patnaik Memorial Quiz 2017, an all DAV affair held in November 2017 conducted by DAV Pokhariput in association with Odisha Quiz Association.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
Though Sinbad had become wealthy after his first voyage, he grew restless on land and set sail again. His ship docked at an uninhabited island where he was accidentally left behind after falling asleep. On the island, he discovered the egg of a giant roc bird and strapped himself to its leg in an attempt to escape. However, he found himself in a valley filled with huge snakes. Running low on provisions, Sinbad devised a plan to collect diamonds from the valley and strap himself to meat thrown by merchants, hoping to be carried to safety by eagles taking the meat to their nests. His plan succeeded and he was rescued, thanking the merchants with diamonds before joining them on their journey home, where
1. People have lived in India for thousands of years along river banks like the Narmada, practicing activities like gathering, hunting, and early farming.
2. Around 4700 years ago, some of the earliest cities developed along the Indus River valley in places like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with planned streets, buildings, and drainage systems.
3. These Indus Valley Civilization cities engaged in extensive trade, importing materials from distant lands and developing new technologies like bronze. However, around 1400 BCE, many of the cities were gradually abandoned for unknown reasons.
The document provides an 18-day itinerary for a tour exploring sites related to the 1857 uprising in India and the British Raj. The tour begins in Delhi and visits sites connected to key events and battles of the uprising in Delhi, Meerut, Agra, Gwalior, Jhansi, Kanpur, Lucknow, Allahabad, Varanasi, and Kolkata. The itinerary provides details on historical figures, battles, and locations connected to each day's activities. The tour is aimed at connoisseur tourists interested in the history and legacy of the 1857 uprising and British colonial rule in India.
Maritime trade has a long history in India dating back to the Indus Valley Civilization. During this period, the Harappans established an extensive maritime trade network connecting India to Mesopotamia and other parts of Western Asia. Major exports included timber, ivory, and luxury goods like lapis lazuli. The trade continued and expanded after the decline of the Harappans. Under the Mauryan Empire in the 4th-3rd centuries BCE, maritime trade flourished as the state established rules and infrastructure to regulate ports and trade. Major trading partners included regions along the Red Sea like Egypt and East Africa. In later centuries, India engaged in extensive trade with Rome, Byzantium, Southeast Asia,
Indo-Roman trade flourished between the 2nd century BCE to 2nd century CE along maritime and land routes. Major ports included Barygaza, Muziris, and Arikamedu where goods like spices, textiles, gems were exchanged for Roman gold, glass, and wine. Archaeological evidence from over 130 sites including coins, artifacts and remains confirm a strong economic relationship between Rome and the Indian empires, facilitated by the monsoon winds and organized trading networks.
Indo-Roman trade flourished between the 1st century BCE to 2nd century CE due to the political and economic strength of the Roman Empire and the rise of kingdoms in India like the Kushans and Satavahanas. Key commodities traded were spices, textiles, gems from India and glass, wine, and metals from Rome. Major ports involved in the trade included Barygaza, Muziris, and Arikamedu. Archaeological evidence like amphorae, coins, and other artifacts provide evidence of extensive trade networks and cultural exchange between the two regions.
Some questions from the BC Patnaik Memorial Quiz 2017, an all DAV affair held in November 2017 conducted by DAV Pokhariput in association with Odisha Quiz Association.
This Presentation is prepared for the Graduate Students. A presentation consisting of basic information regarding the topic. Students are advised to get more information from recommended books and articles. This presentation is only for students and purely for academic purposes.
Though Sinbad had become wealthy after his first voyage, he grew restless on land and set sail again. His ship docked at an uninhabited island where he was accidentally left behind after falling asleep. On the island, he discovered the egg of a giant roc bird and strapped himself to its leg in an attempt to escape. However, he found himself in a valley filled with huge snakes. Running low on provisions, Sinbad devised a plan to collect diamonds from the valley and strap himself to meat thrown by merchants, hoping to be carried to safety by eagles taking the meat to their nests. His plan succeeded and he was rescued, thanking the merchants with diamonds before joining them on their journey home, where
1. People have lived in India for thousands of years along river banks like the Narmada, practicing activities like gathering, hunting, and early farming.
2. Around 4700 years ago, some of the earliest cities developed along the Indus River valley in places like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with planned streets, buildings, and drainage systems.
3. These Indus Valley Civilization cities engaged in extensive trade, importing materials from distant lands and developing new technologies like bronze. However, around 1400 BCE, many of the cities were gradually abandoned for unknown reasons.
Money, in itself, is nothing – it is a symbol. It can be a shell, a metal coin, or a piece of paper with a historic image on it. The value that people place on the symbol has nothing to do with the physical value of money.
Money derives its value by being a medium of exchange, a unit of measurement and a storehouse for wealth.
History of Currency : Ancient Coinage, paper, Indian Rupee
Evolution Coins, to paper to Bank Money
Financial Inclusion
Reforms - Adhar cards,Jan Dhan Yojana, GST
Benefits of GST
Why demonetisation is needed?
Suggested by Dr. Ambedkar
Benefits - Unearthing Black Money, Revenue to Govt., Shift to Bank Money
welcomed globally.
Short-term pains
1) The document discusses the history of currency in India from ancient times to modern times. It describes the evolution of currency from commodity money like gold and silver in ancient texts to early coinage systems in places like Indus Valley civilization and Mahajanapadas.
2) Paper currency was first developed in China in the form of flying money during the Tang dynasty. Later, the earliest banknotes emerged in Europe issued by the Swedish central bank in 1661.
3) In India, the rupee originated from the silver coin rupyaka and was the standard currency during Mughal rule. After British East India company took over administration, the coinage system evolved further with rupees and mohurs
History of Currency : Ancient Coinage, paper, Indian Rupee
Evolution Coins, to paper to Bank Money
Financial Inclusion
Reforms - Adhar cards,Jan Dhan Yojana, GST
Benefits of GST
Why demonetisation is needed?
Suggested by Dr. Ambedkar
Benefits - Unearthing Black Money, Revenue to Govt., Shift to Bank Money
welcomed globally.
Going Cash-Less
Lets learn and Teach Digital Cash
1) Currency has evolved significantly over thousands of years, starting with ancient forms of commodity money like cattle and gold in India as early as 7000 BC.
2) Ancient coins began to emerge in India as early as 1500 BC, taking the form of punch-marked coins issued by different kingdoms and empires. Paper money was first developed in China in the 7th century AD.
3) Coins continued to evolve and spread across kingdoms in India, taking on regional designs and scripts. The Mauryan Empire issued silver karshapanas, while the Gupta dynasty depicted kings on the obverse and deities on the reverse of coins between the 4th-6th centuries AD.
The document discusses several major trade routes that connected different regions of Afro-Eurasia, including the Silk Road, Trans-Saharan routes, and Indian Ocean trade networks. It describes how these routes facilitated the spread of economic activity, religions like Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity, and diseases such as bubonic plague. Key commodities traded along the routes included silk, spices, tea, horses, and various agricultural and industrial goods. The routes also contributed to the transmission of ideas as merchants introduced new languages, cultural practices, and religions to places along the way.
the history of money and banking in Southy Africathembani mboweni
The history of money in South Africa began with early indigenous tribes using items like beads, shells, and whale teeth for bartering and as a medium of exchange. Later, iron ingots and pieces became commonly used as money. During colonial times in the 1600s, coins from various European countries circulated. The first paper money, called rix-dollars, was printed in 1782 but rapidly declined in value. Sterling currency from Britain then became more commonly used. In the Transvaal region, gold coins and pounds were minted starting in the late 1800s due to the region's rich gold deposits. Control of minting gradually transferred to the South African government.
To cover over 2 millennium of maritime trade, in the Middle East, India, SE Asia and China under 50 slides, can only give us the briefest gleam into the course of history. To get the benefit of the slides, you will need to set aside some time to read through the contents (This is a very wordy document. It takes time to read). Our perceptions on the maritime contacts are changing too. The discovery in particular of dozens of ancient shipwrecks in Southeast Asia has built up a picture of the historic trade and the technology.I hope in these few slides, would help to understanding an aspect of human civilization on Earth.
Too often our own ego-centric interest becomes a source of our own ignorance.
An introduction to Philippine History starting from the so called precolonial period up to the American occupation to the Philippine Archipelago. I hope it can help!
This document discusses several cryptozoological creatures including Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Chupacabra. It provides brief histories and eyewitness accounts of sightings of each creature. While cryptozoology seeks to study rumored or unknown species, it is not widely accepted by the scientific community due to a lack of evidence and rigorous methodology. The document presents information on several mysterious creatures that some cryptozoologists believe exist.
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
Press Release – April 7, 2009 Tentative Agreement to Sell Nalunaq ...pleasure16
1) The Federal Reserve Bank of New York serves as guardian for the gold reserves of over 60 foreign governments and international organizations, storing over 266 million troy ounces of gold worth around $90 billion.
2) Gold has historically been used as a store of value and medium of exchange, and the gold standard tied currencies to gold until the early 1970s.
3) Foreign entities store their gold reserves at the New York Fed for its security in one of the largest underground gold vaults, convenient services, and location in a major financial hub.
This document discusses the developments in South Asia between 600 BCE to 600 CE. It mentions the emergence of agricultural settlements, pastoral settlements, and megalithic burials across northern India, the Deccan plateau, and parts of South India. Sixteen major kingdoms known as Mahajanapadas emerged in northern India, with Magadha being the most prominent. In the south, chiefdoms like the Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas arose. The Mauryan Empire was the first imperial power and was administered through five major centers. New notions of
The document discusses the reasons for and key figures in early voyages of discovery eastwards. Muslims controlled trade routes like the Silk Road and taxed goods heavily, creating demand for alternative routes. Technological advances in navigation, ship designs, and weapons enabled explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama to seek new trade routes by sea for reasons of profit, religion, and exploration. Dias was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, named Cape of Good Hope, while Da Gama established the first direct ocean route from Europe to India.
The document discusses the reasons for and key figures in early voyages of discovery eastwards. Muslims controlled trade routes like the Silk Road and taxed goods heavily, creating demand for alternative routes. Technological advances in navigation, ship designs, and weapons enabled explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama to seek new trade routes by sea for reasons of profit, religion, and exploration. Dias was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, named Cape of Good Hope, while Da Gama established the first direct ocean route from Europe to India.
The document provides an overview of the history and culture of Native Americans in North Carolina. It discusses how Native Americans first arrived from Asia over 10,000 years ago during the last Ice Age. Their culture evolved from nomadic Paleo-Indian hunter-gatherers to more settled Archaic farmers and traders, and later Mississippian societies with permanent villages, mounds, and cultivated crops like corn. The document then describes the tribes and daily life of Native Americans in North Carolina, who lived in small family-based towns and followed seasonal cycles of farming, hunting, fishing, and gathering.
- Gold was first found and used in Egypt and Mesopotamia as early as 4000 BC, where it was viewed as a symbol of power and wealth. It was used as jewelry, decoration, and one of the earliest forms of money.
- The world's largest discovery of gold took place in 1886 in the Witwatersrand region of South Africa, producing one quarter of the world's gold by 1899 and 40% by 1985.
- Early gold mining techniques required significant labor, such as 40,000 enslaved people mining gold in Spain in 100 AD. Over time, people developed new mining and refining methods to make the process more efficient.
The document summarizes the history of coins in India from ancient times to modern day. It describes coins from civilizations like the Indus Valley, as well as those produced by various empires and kingdoms that ruled parts of India like the Mauryas, Guptas, Delhi Sultanate, and Mughals. It also mentions coins from European trading companies and various princely states. The document aims to preserve the richness of India's coinage history.
In 2.0 version of the presentation, I have added several slides on the Srivijaya and of the Chola Empire and reconstruction of the Borobudur ship.
To cover over 2 millennium of maritime trade, in the Middle East, India, SE Asia and China under 50 slides, can only give us the briefest gleam into the course of history. To get the benefit of the slides, you will need to set aside some time to read through the contents. Our perceptions on the maritime contacts are changing too. The discovery in particular of dozens of ancient shipwrecks in Southeast Asia has built up a picture of the historic trade and the technology.
The voyage of the Chinese mariner Zhenghe and his voyages to the Indian Ocean. Until recently it is relatively unknown in the West. When I get started, I found that these spectacular Zhenghe's voyages were only the last brilliant chapter of the Asian Maritime book, before the arrival of the European by sea. As I dig deeper, I discovered dozen of shipwrecks and the achievements went far into the past.
The Srivijaya was the Asian equivalent of the European maritime power, like Venice. Their power was based on the control of the sea-lanes, with a series of ports and they rarely ventured into the hinterlands. This and other powers in Southeast Asia were in turned seeded by an even older maritime power in south India, the Cholas Empire. From India the journey took me further west to the lands of the Arab and Persian, the maritime world of Sinbad the Sailor. Until the arrival of the European and before the development of the Chinese maritime network in the Tang Dynasty, Arab dhows sailed across the ocean and the seas from ends to ends, linking distance people of China to the European. At last, I arrived in Alexandria, the ancient trading hub of the Mediterranean world, a bridge between the East with the West.
In the slides, I have included three incidences of overseas traders being massacred in Chinese history. This is not to put black marks on an otherwise successful Chinese civilisation, but to remind ourselves how history have been sanctified one way or another. History should be a honest account of the past, without distortions and omissions. History is the witness. I hope in these few slides, would help to understanding an aspect of human civilization on Earth. Too often our own ego-centric interest becomes a source of our own ignorance.
Money, in itself, is nothing – it is a symbol. It can be a shell, a metal coin, or a piece of paper with a historic image on it. The value that people place on the symbol has nothing to do with the physical value of money.
Money derives its value by being a medium of exchange, a unit of measurement and a storehouse for wealth.
History of Currency : Ancient Coinage, paper, Indian Rupee
Evolution Coins, to paper to Bank Money
Financial Inclusion
Reforms - Adhar cards,Jan Dhan Yojana, GST
Benefits of GST
Why demonetisation is needed?
Suggested by Dr. Ambedkar
Benefits - Unearthing Black Money, Revenue to Govt., Shift to Bank Money
welcomed globally.
Short-term pains
1) The document discusses the history of currency in India from ancient times to modern times. It describes the evolution of currency from commodity money like gold and silver in ancient texts to early coinage systems in places like Indus Valley civilization and Mahajanapadas.
2) Paper currency was first developed in China in the form of flying money during the Tang dynasty. Later, the earliest banknotes emerged in Europe issued by the Swedish central bank in 1661.
3) In India, the rupee originated from the silver coin rupyaka and was the standard currency during Mughal rule. After British East India company took over administration, the coinage system evolved further with rupees and mohurs
History of Currency : Ancient Coinage, paper, Indian Rupee
Evolution Coins, to paper to Bank Money
Financial Inclusion
Reforms - Adhar cards,Jan Dhan Yojana, GST
Benefits of GST
Why demonetisation is needed?
Suggested by Dr. Ambedkar
Benefits - Unearthing Black Money, Revenue to Govt., Shift to Bank Money
welcomed globally.
Going Cash-Less
Lets learn and Teach Digital Cash
1) Currency has evolved significantly over thousands of years, starting with ancient forms of commodity money like cattle and gold in India as early as 7000 BC.
2) Ancient coins began to emerge in India as early as 1500 BC, taking the form of punch-marked coins issued by different kingdoms and empires. Paper money was first developed in China in the 7th century AD.
3) Coins continued to evolve and spread across kingdoms in India, taking on regional designs and scripts. The Mauryan Empire issued silver karshapanas, while the Gupta dynasty depicted kings on the obverse and deities on the reverse of coins between the 4th-6th centuries AD.
The document discusses several major trade routes that connected different regions of Afro-Eurasia, including the Silk Road, Trans-Saharan routes, and Indian Ocean trade networks. It describes how these routes facilitated the spread of economic activity, religions like Buddhism, Hinduism, and Christianity, and diseases such as bubonic plague. Key commodities traded along the routes included silk, spices, tea, horses, and various agricultural and industrial goods. The routes also contributed to the transmission of ideas as merchants introduced new languages, cultural practices, and religions to places along the way.
the history of money and banking in Southy Africathembani mboweni
The history of money in South Africa began with early indigenous tribes using items like beads, shells, and whale teeth for bartering and as a medium of exchange. Later, iron ingots and pieces became commonly used as money. During colonial times in the 1600s, coins from various European countries circulated. The first paper money, called rix-dollars, was printed in 1782 but rapidly declined in value. Sterling currency from Britain then became more commonly used. In the Transvaal region, gold coins and pounds were minted starting in the late 1800s due to the region's rich gold deposits. Control of minting gradually transferred to the South African government.
To cover over 2 millennium of maritime trade, in the Middle East, India, SE Asia and China under 50 slides, can only give us the briefest gleam into the course of history. To get the benefit of the slides, you will need to set aside some time to read through the contents (This is a very wordy document. It takes time to read). Our perceptions on the maritime contacts are changing too. The discovery in particular of dozens of ancient shipwrecks in Southeast Asia has built up a picture of the historic trade and the technology.I hope in these few slides, would help to understanding an aspect of human civilization on Earth.
Too often our own ego-centric interest becomes a source of our own ignorance.
An introduction to Philippine History starting from the so called precolonial period up to the American occupation to the Philippine Archipelago. I hope it can help!
This document discusses several cryptozoological creatures including Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, and the Chupacabra. It provides brief histories and eyewitness accounts of sightings of each creature. While cryptozoology seeks to study rumored or unknown species, it is not widely accepted by the scientific community due to a lack of evidence and rigorous methodology. The document presents information on several mysterious creatures that some cryptozoologists believe exist.
This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
Press Release – April 7, 2009 Tentative Agreement to Sell Nalunaq ...pleasure16
1) The Federal Reserve Bank of New York serves as guardian for the gold reserves of over 60 foreign governments and international organizations, storing over 266 million troy ounces of gold worth around $90 billion.
2) Gold has historically been used as a store of value and medium of exchange, and the gold standard tied currencies to gold until the early 1970s.
3) Foreign entities store their gold reserves at the New York Fed for its security in one of the largest underground gold vaults, convenient services, and location in a major financial hub.
This document discusses the developments in South Asia between 600 BCE to 600 CE. It mentions the emergence of agricultural settlements, pastoral settlements, and megalithic burials across northern India, the Deccan plateau, and parts of South India. Sixteen major kingdoms known as Mahajanapadas emerged in northern India, with Magadha being the most prominent. In the south, chiefdoms like the Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas arose. The Mauryan Empire was the first imperial power and was administered through five major centers. New notions of
The document discusses the reasons for and key figures in early voyages of discovery eastwards. Muslims controlled trade routes like the Silk Road and taxed goods heavily, creating demand for alternative routes. Technological advances in navigation, ship designs, and weapons enabled explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama to seek new trade routes by sea for reasons of profit, religion, and exploration. Dias was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, named Cape of Good Hope, while Da Gama established the first direct ocean route from Europe to India.
The document discusses the reasons for and key figures in early voyages of discovery eastwards. Muslims controlled trade routes like the Silk Road and taxed goods heavily, creating demand for alternative routes. Technological advances in navigation, ship designs, and weapons enabled explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartolomeu Dias, and Vasco da Gama to seek new trade routes by sea for reasons of profit, religion, and exploration. Dias was the first to sail around the southern tip of Africa, named Cape of Good Hope, while Da Gama established the first direct ocean route from Europe to India.
The document provides an overview of the history and culture of Native Americans in North Carolina. It discusses how Native Americans first arrived from Asia over 10,000 years ago during the last Ice Age. Their culture evolved from nomadic Paleo-Indian hunter-gatherers to more settled Archaic farmers and traders, and later Mississippian societies with permanent villages, mounds, and cultivated crops like corn. The document then describes the tribes and daily life of Native Americans in North Carolina, who lived in small family-based towns and followed seasonal cycles of farming, hunting, fishing, and gathering.
- Gold was first found and used in Egypt and Mesopotamia as early as 4000 BC, where it was viewed as a symbol of power and wealth. It was used as jewelry, decoration, and one of the earliest forms of money.
- The world's largest discovery of gold took place in 1886 in the Witwatersrand region of South Africa, producing one quarter of the world's gold by 1899 and 40% by 1985.
- Early gold mining techniques required significant labor, such as 40,000 enslaved people mining gold in Spain in 100 AD. Over time, people developed new mining and refining methods to make the process more efficient.
The document summarizes the history of coins in India from ancient times to modern day. It describes coins from civilizations like the Indus Valley, as well as those produced by various empires and kingdoms that ruled parts of India like the Mauryas, Guptas, Delhi Sultanate, and Mughals. It also mentions coins from European trading companies and various princely states. The document aims to preserve the richness of India's coinage history.
In 2.0 version of the presentation, I have added several slides on the Srivijaya and of the Chola Empire and reconstruction of the Borobudur ship.
To cover over 2 millennium of maritime trade, in the Middle East, India, SE Asia and China under 50 slides, can only give us the briefest gleam into the course of history. To get the benefit of the slides, you will need to set aside some time to read through the contents. Our perceptions on the maritime contacts are changing too. The discovery in particular of dozens of ancient shipwrecks in Southeast Asia has built up a picture of the historic trade and the technology.
The voyage of the Chinese mariner Zhenghe and his voyages to the Indian Ocean. Until recently it is relatively unknown in the West. When I get started, I found that these spectacular Zhenghe's voyages were only the last brilliant chapter of the Asian Maritime book, before the arrival of the European by sea. As I dig deeper, I discovered dozen of shipwrecks and the achievements went far into the past.
The Srivijaya was the Asian equivalent of the European maritime power, like Venice. Their power was based on the control of the sea-lanes, with a series of ports and they rarely ventured into the hinterlands. This and other powers in Southeast Asia were in turned seeded by an even older maritime power in south India, the Cholas Empire. From India the journey took me further west to the lands of the Arab and Persian, the maritime world of Sinbad the Sailor. Until the arrival of the European and before the development of the Chinese maritime network in the Tang Dynasty, Arab dhows sailed across the ocean and the seas from ends to ends, linking distance people of China to the European. At last, I arrived in Alexandria, the ancient trading hub of the Mediterranean world, a bridge between the East with the West.
In the slides, I have included three incidences of overseas traders being massacred in Chinese history. This is not to put black marks on an otherwise successful Chinese civilisation, but to remind ourselves how history have been sanctified one way or another. History should be a honest account of the past, without distortions and omissions. History is the witness. I hope in these few slides, would help to understanding an aspect of human civilization on Earth. Too often our own ego-centric interest becomes a source of our own ignorance.
Similar to Journey of Money - Mannar Mannan - Book Review by Sivasankar Babu (20)
University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcripttscdzuip
办理美国UNCC毕业证书制作北卡大学夏洛特分校假文凭定制Q微168899991做UNCC留信网教留服认证海牙认证改UNCC成绩单GPA做UNCC假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请北卡罗莱纳大学夏洛特分校University of North Carolina at Charlotte degree offer diploma Transcript
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
5 Tips for Creating Standard Financial ReportsEasyReports
Well-crafted financial reports serve as vital tools for decision-making and transparency within an organization. By following the undermentioned tips, you can create standardized financial reports that effectively communicate your company's financial health and performance to stakeholders.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
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Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
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Discover the Future of Dogecoin with Our Comprehensive Guidance
Journey of Money - Mannar Mannan - Book Review by Sivasankar Babu
1. <presentation date>
<Subject>
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
Wednesday Study Circle – Book Review
Presentation on a Book by
Br. Sivasankar Babu
“The Journey of Money
( from Barter to Bitcoin)
Authored by Dr. Mannar Mannan
காந்தி கல்வி நிலையத்தின் புதன் வாசகர் வட்டம் நூல் அறிமுகம்
ஆசிரியர் :
பேச்சாளர் :
சிவசங்கர் பாபு
28th மார்ச் 2018 புதன்கிழலம
Venue : Gandhi Study Centre
Thakkar Bapa Vidhyalaya complex
58 Venkat Narayanana Road,
T Nagar, Chennai 600 017
Saravanan Subramanian, 97907 40886
2. Agenda
❖ The Book - intro
❖ TheAuthor - intro
❖ Presenter’sViews
❖ Book Structure
❖ Flavor of Book -Chap 1-13 review & quotes
❖ Overview of Chapters 14-46 and contents
❖ Author’s Experience – on writing the books
❖ Q & A
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
2
3. About the Author
இரா. மன்னர் மன்னன்
❖ 2009 இல் ஆனந்த விகடனால் "மிக சிறந்த மாணவ ேத்திரிககயாளர் " என அகடயாளம் பேற்றவர்.
❖ பசன்கன கம்ேன் கழகத்தின் மாநில அளவில் "கம்ேன் அடிப்போடி" விருது வாங்கியவர்.
❖ ஊடக துகற மற்றும் வரலாறு இரண்டிலும் முதுககல பேற்றுள்ளார்
❖ இவரின் 18 ஆண்டு கால நாணய பசகரிப்ேில் கி.மு. 3 முதல் கி.ேி. 18 ம் நூற்றாண்டு வகரயிலான
நாணயங்கள் காலவாரியாக ஆவண ேடுத்தப்ேட்டு,, தமிழக அளவில் மிகப்பேரியதாக விளங்குகிறது.
❖ 2016 இல் இவரது "ேல்லவர் வரலாறு" என்ற முதல் நூல் நாணயங்கள் மற்றும் ேிற சான்றுகள் மூலம்,
வரலாற்கற விளக்கும் முகறயில் அகமந்தது.
❖ அபத முகறயில் அடுத்த ேகடப்பு 2017 இல் "ேணத்தின் ேயணம்" - ேண்ட மாற்று முதல் ேிட் காயின் வகர
பவளி வந்துள்ளது.
❖ மன்னர் மன்னன் கடந்த 2012 முதல் புதிய தகலமுகற பதாகலகாட்சியில் பசய்தி ஆசிரியராக ேணியாற்றி
வருகிறார்.
3
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
5. Book Content by chapters – 1-23
5
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
A. Barter to commodity to Gold C. Currency - Store forValue & Link
B. Coins – Intrinsic & Store forValue
D.Evolution of Monetary Policies
6. Book Content by chapters – 24-46
6
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
E. Gold Standard & Recessions F. Dirty, Contagious Cash & WhiteWash
G. De-Mon – the past & present H. Global money & non-physical forms
7. A. Barter to commodity to Gold
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
7
8. 1. A world without money
❖ Modi shows us in 2016 the importance of cash
❖ Two of the Human’s invention which rule him are 1. GOD & 2. Money
– Both are inter-related
Most of the offerings by humans to God are of money, praying to give more money
❖ Nomads – lived only in present – eat what is available and sleep
where possible and move-on if nothing available – No need for
money
❖ Hunter – farmers – riverside settlement with “Fire” and “Wheel”
invented . Created food /wealth and learned to expand resources.
Self sufficient- lived by the season
❖ Farmers – everybody harvested different things and exchanged
surplus by barter and got other essentials
8
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
9. 1.a. Barter System - facts and issues
❖ Egypt Pyramids were built during Barter era
❖ Cattle based exchanges came in around BCE 9000
❖ Cattles is most widely used and in vogue in parts of Africa till
20th Cen.
❖ Cattle as barter had problems in usage for small needs
❖ Current Day Cattle Equivalent
9
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “சில சமயங்களில் வரலாறு நாம் நிகனத்தேடி இருப்ேதில்கல. தீப்பேட்டிக்கு ேல நூற்றாண்டு முன்பே
கலட்டர்கள் புழக்கத்தில் இருந்த உலகம் இது//!!!”
10. 2000 rupees note more like a cattle of barter time
All ATMs and Banks gave only the rosy Gandhis and with no 1000, 500, scarcity
of 100, Janata had tough time in retail trade triggering is own barter systems for
low value transactions .
10
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
11. 2. Money in various forms - issues in barter
❖ To carry huge qty of commodity to all places for exchange –
Except Cattle – no other commodity walks by itself
❖ Agree on conversion rate
Ultimately one person lands up with a loss
❖ Keeping commodities like food grains in store
No proper houses, subject to animal and insect attack
❖ Inability to expand savings beyond a point
Just to save for 3-4 years, we need a separate house
❖ Absence of savings or inability to get needy items with available stuff
Future becomes bleak with slow death
11
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
12. 2. Money in various forms - need for a counter-value
❖ Precious - should have some inbuilt value or usage
❖ Durability - withstand physical wear and tear.
❖ Portability - ability to take high volume easily to places
❖ Divisibility - easily divided into smaller denom, or units of value.
❖ Uniformity - any two units will be same size, weight or value
❖ Limited Supply - Not abundant and ability to control supply
❖ Acceptability - across multiple locations for goods & services
12
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ேண்டமாற்று முகறயில் இருந்து நாணயங்கள் உடனடியாக பதான்றிவிடவில்கல ...
நடுவில் 8,௦௦௦ - 1௦,௦௦௦ ஆண்டுகால இகடபவளி – இதில் பவறு ேல மாற்று போருகள் புழங்கின//!!!”
13. what is common factor for all of these…
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
13
Skulls – Olden times
Cowrie shells - Maldives
Coral crop – pacific rim
Cattle – still in Africa
Kogu rice -Japan
Rare Bird Feather -Worldwide
Salts – Rome & India
Pearls – Asia
Rock ( Rei/Fei) – Micronesia
Wambam– Red Indians
Tobacco – America,Asia
Deerskin – Red Indians, Europe
Cigarette – Germany
Snails– Paraguay
Rats– Naurau
14. 3. Gold is a Gold is a Gold
❖ Iron, bronze, lead - corroded easily and also available aplenty
❖ Platinum, silver and Diamonds & other 118 metals could not
beat GOLDs success except ONE …..
❖ Aluminum – from Pre-roman upto US liberty it was on top for
2000 years in rarity found in natural form
❖ Aluminum used in RomanTiberius Crown, Denmark Christian 8th Crown, French
Napoleon 3rd - chains and cutlery, 1880Washington memorial replica
❖ Till 1886 US got 93 kg Al Vs 93,300 kg of Ag – but with invention of
Bayer process to extract from Bauxite , it become abundant and now you
know its value …..
14
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
15. 3. Gold – the king of metals with colorful character
❖ Easy to make as ornament --30 gm
can expand to 200 sq. ft sheet or 80km string
❖ Does not corrode, brittle or
dissolve ( except aqua Regia)
❖ Goldsmiths were one of the famed
artisans world-over and were
pioneers of Receipt Money
❖ 1850 Birmingham chain making
machines started the decline of
goldsmiths
15
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “இன்கறக்கு உலகின் பேரும்ோலான குற்றங்களுக்கு ேின்னணியாக தங்க ஆகச உள்ளது
❖ Yellow -Gold 100%
❖ Red - 25% Cu
❖ Rose - 22.5% Cu +2.75% Ag
❖ Dark Green –15% Ag + 6% Cu + 4%
Cd
❖ Light Green – 23% Cu + 2% Cd
❖ Brown – various % of Palladium
❖ Indigo – % of Al – intermetallic fusion
❖ Blue – various % of Gallium
16. 4. a. Gold and Silver - the ugly face of prospecting
Dark Side of Gold
❖ Gold mines one of the most dangerous places to work
❖ Prime Child Labour usage
❖ From Egyptian times slavery is extensively used
❖ Uses Mercury and other hazardous chemicals
❖ Having gold attracted looting and invasion by persons and
countries and added the gruesome protection angle
16
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “தங்கம்தான் மனித பநயத்கத விரட்டி பவட்கடயாடுகிறது ..யாருக்கும் தீங்கு விகளவிக்காமல் பேற்ற
தங்கம் என்ேத வரலாற்றின் மிக அரிய போருள்
17. 4. b.Gold and Silver - the loot across Europe
❖ Egypt started gold melting to bars
❖ Babylonians regularly looted them
❖ Persians looted them and ransacked even tombs
❖ Alexander of Greece plundered their 3 captials ( ~10,000 ton)
❖ Romans invaded Greece and other small ones primarily for gold
❖ Spain and Portugal later amassed all gold in south Europe
17
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ஸ்ோனியர்கள் தங்கள் கககளில் சிலுகவயும் இதயங்களில் தங்க ஆகசகயயும் கவத்துபகாண்டு
முன்பனறினர்..... ோதிரியார் காபசஸ்
18. 5. Hunting new worlds – Spain & Portugal
❖ Gold was primary driving force for the European sea expeditions
❖ 1452-55- Pope NicholasV – Spaniards have the duty to make Islamic, non-Christians and Red-
Indians as slave of labor
❖ 1494 – Pope Alexander partitions area of ownership for Spain and Portugal.
❖ 1493-1520 – Haiti plundered – 22 ton @ 1 life /10 g of gold
❖ 1500 – Central America – Father Gasses witness accounts of mechanized torture machines and
slave labor mines
❖ Mexico Aztecs – 2.4 lacs Aztecs killed for 600 kg - @ 4o lifes / 10 g of gold
❖ Peru – Incas – got ransom for king 13,420 lb. gold & 26,000 Lb. silver and then destroyed the
❖ VASCO-DA-GAMA –landed in Calicut and openly welcomed by Zamorin and became Governor of
India from Portugal and opened up plunder of Goa and Kerala
18
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “இப்ேடிபயல்லாம் போட்டி போட்டு தங்கம் பசர்த்த ஐபராப்ேிய நாடுகள்,, அவற்றில் மூலம் சாதித்தது ஒன்றும்
இல்கல. உள்நாட்டு போருளாதாரம் ோதித்ததும், பசர்த்த தங்கம் ேின்னர் பகாள்கள போனதும்தான் மிச்சம்.
19. 6. Pirates of the Sea and sponsored looting
❖ 1512 – France Pirates loot Spanish ships with American gold and silver
❖ British and Dutch made piracy a royal right and jumped in partnership to loot
❖ 1534 – King HenryVIII announces Protestant head andVatican control declines in
Britain
❖ 1580 –sir Francis drake – returned with big loots – Queens 50% share surpassed rest
of income for the year
❖ 1703 – British + Dutch attack drowned Spanish ships with 450 kg gold and 3000 lives
❖ 1800 – British – occupy cape of good hope and start controlling south east Asian looting
❖ Unlike Spaniards British - believed in taking gold by selling goods . In India with no
gold mines, they force grow abin and minted gold by selling it to china leading to abin wars
19
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “அபமரிக்காவில் தான் ஸ்பேயின்,போர்ச்சுகலுக்கு உரிகம. கடல் அகனத்து ஐபராப்ேிய நட்டுகளுக்கும்
போதுதாபன?? .. இதற்கான ேிரத்திபயகமான கப்ேல்ககள உருவாக்க காலமாயிற்று அனால் ேலன்
ேிரமாதமாக இருந்தது
20. 7. India and Gold – from time immemorial???
❖ Herodotus, Account of India 430 BCE - mentions valley of gold like sand
with diamonds guarded by ants the size of foxes
❖ Reality - sourcing 5 ton / year – Kolar 12k feet – max 700 ton output
❖ Plini 1st BCE –Plini – annual 550 lacs roman gold coins exchanged annually for
weight of pepper and pearl
❖ Till 10th CE – India had 33% share on world trade – now only 3% - but still #1 in Gold
purchase
❖ Gold reserves – US Fed 9800 ton Public 4200 ton
❖ India RBI 500 ton Public – ~24000 ton Temples – Unknown
❖ China – by 2015 equals India but mostly in Paper gold with impacts to USA
20
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ேல உலக நாடுகளில் தங்கம் மக்களிடம் இருந்து விலக்கிகவக்கப்ேட்ட , அரபசாடு பதாடர்புகடய
உபலாகமாக கருேடுகிறது. அனால் இந்தியாவில் இந்த நிகலகம இல்கல
21. 7.B Gold control in India – Not active in bringing in gold
❖ Govt has minimal Gold - Last gold coin- 1918 mohara – Last silver coin 1972 – 1o
rupees
❖ 1962 – Gold control act – no loans against gold and only 14 carat jewels
❖ 1965 – Full Gold Control – Gold bar and coins banned only GoldJewels allowed
❖ Jewellery fraud prone and Hallmark is an exception than rule – buyer bears
wastage and tax on it but does not get the dust
❖ Religious customs – due to frequent change to new designs every 3 years Indians
lose 30% value in making charges and wastage and repurchase of old gold toJewelers
❖ 1130 CE – CHALUKYA SOMESVARA III- Documents method to synthesize
thanga phaspam
21
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: கி. ேி. ௧௧௩௧ ஆண்டில் சாளுக்ய அரசன் மூன்றாம் பசாபமச்வரன் எழுதிய ஒரு குறிப்பு தங்க ேஸ்ே
பசய்முகறகய துல்லியமாக விவரிக்கிறது
22. B. Coins &
Intrinsic store for value
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
22
23. 8. Gold & Silver Coins
23
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ஒரு நகரின் நாணயத்கத ேிற நகர் மக்கள் ேயன்ேடுத்தினால் நாணயம் அச்சிடுேவர்களுக்கு நல்ல லாேம்
கிகடக்கும் ஏன்டா உண்கமகய அபதன்ஸ் தற்பசயலாக கண்டு ேிடித்தது
7TH BCE Lydia (Turkey) minted first
Coin.They also first to introduce
shopping malls
Denarius ofTiberius-The
tribute penny of Rome
Judas Silver Coin - Tyrian shekels
(14 grams of 94% silver),
4th BCE Minerva Owl coin of Athens.
Soldier salary paid in silver coin instead
of salt
Julius Caesar – first kings bust-
one reason for his murder ??
Widow’s mite – bronze Lepton by
King of Judaea, 103 - 76 B.C..
24. 8. Gold & silver coins – Graft of other nations
❖ First coins - were metallic pieces of same weight and value optional symbol of king or
God
❖ Minerva Owls – initiated money exchange by forced usage with other nations and
Athens receiving better quality other coins.
❖ Athens- issued azem coins instead of Electrum coins with less gold and benefitted
❖ Romans – also minted coins in female goddess temples – Juno Monetta coin was over
a period known as “money”
❖ 13th CE – Louis IX –Seigniorage- decreed only new issue coins are legal tender
and recovered precious old coins
❖ In South India – Greek / Roman coins received were used as such along with locals
24
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ஓர் அரசு தனது அதிகாரத்கத ேயன்ேடுத்தி அண்கட நாடுககளயும் பசாந்த மக்ககளயும் எப்ேடி சுரண்டலாம்
என்ேதற்கு சீக்னபரஜ் முதல் ோகதகய கட்டியது. இப்போது அகவ ராஜோட்கடகளாக மாறிவிட்டன
25. 9. Old Coins of India
❖ Vedic period -Nishkam – may a string of metallic beads
❖ 3rd BCE Nanda , Maurya – square sliver coins
❖ BCE 205 Dimitrius – Bacteria kingdom till 2nd CE known only thru
its coins
❖ Chanakya -mentions coins by name Swarna rupa, rupya rupa, tamara
rupa , sisa rupa
❖ Shersha – first uses the name rupaiya /rupee
❖ Akbar - first published coins with minted year and month
25
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “தமிழகத்தில் பராமானிய , சங்க நாணயங்கள் கிகடத்தாலும், அதற்கு முந்தியகவ கிகடக்கவில்கல .
எனபவ சங்க காலத்திற்கு முன் தமிழகத்தில் நாணயங்கள் புழங்கவில்கல என பகாள்ளலாம்
26. 10. British Indian coins
❖ 1840 – common rupee coins till independence
❖ Travancore used silver chakram and panam and used a money board for counting
❖ Mewar coin with “Dosti London” instead of British seal
❖ Kutch released coin of EdwardVIII who renounced kingdom and not have a coin in
England
❖ Pudukkottai – 1738 “Amman Salli” – for Navratri pooja alms
❖ 1943 – “ottai kaasu” value 1 paise but people used it as ottai kaalana”
26
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ஓட்கட காலனாவிற்கு இன்பனாரு உேபயாகமும் இருந்தது. அது தூய பசம்பு என்ேதால் சீலிங் பேன்
காயில் கூட காசு பசாருகி சுற்றினர். இகவ பசட்டிநாடு அரண்மகனகளில் இன்றும் உள்ளன.
27. 11. Coins ofTamilnadu
❖ Sangam “Kasu” - primarily globules with holes strung together
❖ Later “Kasu” – started with beads with circular coins - first one is “aimpadai
thaali”
❖ Symbol coins - with kings symbols started – max pandyas
❖ Greek and Roman -gold coins were used as such or for jewellery it was used with
a cut mark( vasikaasu)
❖ Pallava coins were circular podin and very fragile
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: ேண்கடய தமிழகத்தில் கிபரக்க , பராமனிய தங்க காசுகள் அதிகம் கிகடத்தன .. அதனால் நமது கவனம்
தங்க காசுககள அச்சடிப்ேதற்கு ேதில் அவற்கற பசர்ேதிபலபய இருந்தது
28. 12. Golden Era of Rajaraja and Rajendra
❖ Rajaraja Chola – Max number of coins issued by any Indian king. Covers >70%
of coins recovered in south India-Used devanagiri for wider coverage ~ 4- 5 lac coins
❖ No two coins are similar – we don’t get the dies and possible usage of clay
dies for avoiding counterfeit
❖ 10TH CE Rajaraja -issued gold plated silver coins using herbal coating. Some
are copper with silver and then gold coating. Still looking fresh
❖ 15TH CE HenryVIIII - silver coated copper coins iussed in Britain . But nose
came off easily and ridiculed as “old copper nose”
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “அங்கிபலயர் காலம் வகர பவறு எந்த அரசாலும் பசாகலகளின் நாணய பவளிஈபடாடும் தரத்பதாடும்,
பதாஜில்நுட்ேபதாடும் போட்டியிட முடியவில்கல என்ேது ஒன்பற அவர்களின் பேருகமக்கு சான்று
29. 13. Money sahasranama
❖ KASU – Tamil name for stringed beads and continued for coins ( CASH – British ; KAS
– Danish; CATCHE – French)
❖ PANAM - money of higher denomination ( FANAM – En; FANON Fr.) – 1 panam = 80
kasu - british
❖ THUDDU – heavy dutch coin – (DUDU- En; DOUDOU-Fr.) – 10 kash- 1 thuddu –
british
❖ DABBU – higher denomination coin –telugu origin –1 dabbu = 1Thuddu
❖ Money– Roman Juno Monetto coin later as known as money
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ஆங்கில கிழக்கிந்திய கம்பேனி நாணயங்களில் “கும்ேினி” எண்டு அவர்கள் தங்ககள தமிழில் குறித்து
பகாண்டார்கள்
30. C. Currency –
Store forValue & Links
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
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31. 14- 1 – Currency- store for value and links
❖ After inventing paper china introduced Paper money in 10th CE
❖ 13th CE it was expanded by Chengiskhan and recovered all gold/silver
❖ People started keeping gold and silver safe in their temple and they were
let out for – “Interest”
❖ Jews of Europe amassed money by lending and made many kings and
knights debtors – who during crusades finished them
❖ 15th CE protestants refined the customs and approved interest
❖ 1688-97- 9 year war – william III approved william Patterson proposal and
started Bank of England to print currency
❖ Indian Manudharma talks of different interest for different castes
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ப்ராபடச்ட்படன்ட்கள் முன்னபர வட்டி முகறகய ஆதரித்த எழுதிய சட்ட நூல் “மனு தர்மம்”
32. 17-18- paper replaces gold
❖ With lending becoming big, produces and works become poor at cost of money
lenders
❖ Rajarajan “saava moovaperadu” - best lending with production scheme
❖ With coins and notes, it was easy for kings / rules to collect tax and hike at
convenience
❖ Most of the collected funds are not fully utilized for people welfare
❖ Earlier goldsmiths receipts were used as first moneys and later Bill of Exchanges took
over
❖ Reserve Money – earlier currency was backed by equivalent amount of gold / silver
❖ 1931 –England, 1971- USA exited out of Gold standard and delinked their currencies
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
QQ: “ஜுப்ளிககள ேகழய ஏற்ோடு கடன்ேட்ட, அடிகமப்ேட்ட மக்களுக்கு தீர்வாக உருவான நிகழ்ச்சியாகபவ
குறிப்ேிடுகிறது
34. 19- 23 – Evolution of Monetary policies
❖ 1716- John Law established Bank Generale in Paris and extended
to non banking activities and created a crash
❖ Abraham derby(Barclays & Lloyds), Barings, Nathan
Rothschilds,…made Britain and pound a financial superpower
❖ The Industrial Revolution created new ways to create wealth and
oppress workers
❖ Pound and Dollar become the world currencies used by multiple
nations
❖ Rockefeller , Andrew Carnegie, JP Morgan. Roosevelt made post
WII America a superpower and Dollar reigned as world currency
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
35. E. Gold Standard & Recessions
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35
36. 24-29 – Gold standard and recession
❖ Chap 23 – talks about 1971 – Nixon delinking of dollar from
gold and impacts on Global economy
❖ Chap 25 – introduction of GDP and its evaluation lacunae
❖ Chap 26 – evolution of trading and stock exchanges and its
risks and bubbles
❖ Chap 27- 1929 First recession and new economic policies
❖ Chap 28 -2007 – second recession and warnings
❖ Chap 29 – Indian commerce and social banking
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
37. F. Dirty, Contagious Cash &
WhiteWash
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
37
38. 30-36 – Dirty, Contagious Cash & White Wash
❖ Chap 30 – interesting bank notes around the world – big and
small
❖ Chap 31 – Coins – various shapes, sizes and contents
❖ Chap 32 – Black money and white washing techniques
❖ Chap 33- Soiled notes and currency in parts
❖ Chap 34 –Banks – impact of tax evasion and black money
❖ Chap 35 – Indian coins and notes – varieties and history
❖ Chap 36 – One Rupee and other misc notes
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
39. G. De-Mon – the past & present
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
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40. 37-41 – De-mon – the past and present
❖ Chap 37 – De-mon in world history
❖ Chap 38 – 2016 De-mon by Modi
❖ Chap 39 – De-mon and the in-consistencies
❖ Chap 40- De-mon and lack of planning and implementation
❖ Chap 41 –De-mon – is the reasons right and achieved??
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
41. H. Global money & non-
physical forms
GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
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42. 37-41 – De-mon – the past and present
❖ Chap 42 – impact of world economy on local money
❖ Chap 43 – Loans and Interest – new products
❖ Chap 44 – ATM & Credit cards – new way to promote debt
❖ Chap 45 – Bitcoins – the new gen e-currency and new way of
trading
❖ Chap 46 – Numismatics and SpecialCoins
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu
43. ThankYou
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Pls connect with
Sivasankar Babu
TechnoBankers
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GSCThe Journey of Money - Book Review by SIvasankar Babu