The document is a handbook for KmPlot, a mathematical function plotting program. It provides instructions on basic functions like plotting simple expressions and editing plot properties. It also describes how to work with different function types such as explicit, parametric, and polar functions. The handbook covers advanced topics such as combining functions, changing plot appearances, and configuring program settings.
The document describes plotting time series objects in R. It outlines the main types of standard time series plots including univariate single plots, multivariate single plots, multiple plots arranged in one or two columns, and scatter plots. It discusses options for customizing plots, such as changing colors, line styles, axes layout and formatting. Panel functions can be used to add additional elements like reference lines or indicators to individual plot panels when displaying multiple time series. Examples using Swiss market index data demonstrate how to produce the different types of plots.
This document provides instructions and examples for experiments using MATLAB and Simulink. It introduces key MATLAB concepts like matrices, vectors, plotting functions, loops, and writing functions. It also demonstrates using Simulink to simulate a random integer generator and scope block, observing how the output pattern depends on the initial seed value. The goal is to familiarize users with MATLAB's programming environment and basic functions, as well as introduce Simulink simulation capabilities.
I am Andrew O. I am a Computer Science Assignment Help Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Programming, Southampton, UK. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 10 years. I solve assignments related to Computer Science.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com.You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Computer Science assignments.
1) Recursive backtracking is often used to solve maze problems by considering adjacent squares and recursively solving smaller submazes.
2) The SolveMaze function recursively marks squares, tries moving in open directions, and returns true if a solution is found for a submaze.
3) Tracing the recursion shows how SolveMaze divides the original maze into smaller subproblems by moving to adjacent unmarked squares.
I am Boris M. I am a Computer Science Assignment Help Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold an MSc. in Programming, McGill University, Canada. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 8years. I solve assignments related to Computer Science.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com.You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Computer Science assignments.
I am Simon M. I am an Electrical Engineering exam Helper at liveexamhelper.com. I hold a Masters' Degree in Electrical Engineering from, University of Wisconsin, USA. I have been helping students with their exams for the past 10 years. You can hire me to take your exam in Electrical Engineering.
Visit liveexamhelper.com or email info@liveexamhelper.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with the Electrical Engineering exam.
Thrid part of the Course "Java Open Source GIS Development - From the building blocks to extending an existing GIS application." held at the University of Potsdam in August 2011
The document describes plotting time series objects in R. It outlines the main types of standard time series plots including univariate single plots, multivariate single plots, multiple plots arranged in one or two columns, and scatter plots. It discusses options for customizing plots, such as changing colors, line styles, axes layout and formatting. Panel functions can be used to add additional elements like reference lines or indicators to individual plot panels when displaying multiple time series. Examples using Swiss market index data demonstrate how to produce the different types of plots.
This document provides instructions and examples for experiments using MATLAB and Simulink. It introduces key MATLAB concepts like matrices, vectors, plotting functions, loops, and writing functions. It also demonstrates using Simulink to simulate a random integer generator and scope block, observing how the output pattern depends on the initial seed value. The goal is to familiarize users with MATLAB's programming environment and basic functions, as well as introduce Simulink simulation capabilities.
I am Andrew O. I am a Computer Science Assignment Help Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold a Ph.D. in Programming, Southampton, UK. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 10 years. I solve assignments related to Computer Science.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com.You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Computer Science assignments.
1) Recursive backtracking is often used to solve maze problems by considering adjacent squares and recursively solving smaller submazes.
2) The SolveMaze function recursively marks squares, tries moving in open directions, and returns true if a solution is found for a submaze.
3) Tracing the recursion shows how SolveMaze divides the original maze into smaller subproblems by moving to adjacent unmarked squares.
I am Boris M. I am a Computer Science Assignment Help Expert at programminghomeworkhelp.com. I hold an MSc. in Programming, McGill University, Canada. I have been helping students with their homework for the past 8years. I solve assignments related to Computer Science.
Visit programminghomeworkhelp.com or email support@programminghomeworkhelp.com.You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with Computer Science assignments.
I am Simon M. I am an Electrical Engineering exam Helper at liveexamhelper.com. I hold a Masters' Degree in Electrical Engineering from, University of Wisconsin, USA. I have been helping students with their exams for the past 10 years. You can hire me to take your exam in Electrical Engineering.
Visit liveexamhelper.com or email info@liveexamhelper.com.
You can also call on +1 678 648 4277 for any assistance with the Electrical Engineering exam.
Thrid part of the Course "Java Open Source GIS Development - From the building blocks to extending an existing GIS application." held at the University of Potsdam in August 2011
Introduction to MATLAB Programming and Numerical Methods for Engineers 1st Ed...AmeryWalters
Full download : https://alibabadownload.com/product/introduction-to-matlab-programming-and-numerical-methods-for-engineers-1st-edition-siauw-solutions-manual/ Introduction to MATLAB Programming and Numerical Methods for Engineers 1st Edition Siauw Solutions Manual , Introduction to MATLAB Programming and Numerical Methods for Engineers,Siauw,1st Edition,Solutions Manual
This document describes a set of slider functions in R for exploratory data analysis. The functions allow users to dynamically modify statistical plots by adjusting slider parameters. Sections provide an overview of the slider functions, examples of them in use, and details on their implementation. Key functions covered include slider.hist for histograms, slider.density for density plots, and slider.brush.pairs for brushing pairs plots. The document discusses how the slider functions are structured and customized for interactive use.
Addison Wesley - Modern Control Systems Analysis and Design Using Matlab, Bis...Gollapalli Sreenivasulu
The document describes the basics of using MATLAB for control system design and analysis. It introduces key MATLAB objects including statements and variables, matrices, graphics, and scripts. Statements in MATLAB use the assignment operator "=" to assign values to variables. MATLAB supports basic mathematical operators and functions. Variables are case sensitive. The document provides examples of basic MATLAB operations and introduces some predefined MATLAB variables.
This document is a tutorial on programming in User RPL, the programming language of the HP48 calculator. It introduces basic programming concepts like programs, objects, and stack manipulation. It also covers topics like local variables, conditional tests, loop structures, error handling, input/output, and provides exercises for practice. The overall document serves as a guide to learning the fundamentals of programming on the HP48 calculator.
This document is the preface to a textbook on algorithmic mathematics. It introduces algorithms as unambiguous instructions to solve mathematical problems. The textbook aims to teach algorithm design and analysis, and provide constructive tools for abstract algebra. Algorithms are written in a simple language using standard notation, with if-statements and while-loops. Exercises similar to exam questions are included to aid learning.
The document contains a multiple choice quiz on computer science topics like maps, Google Earth Pro, algorithms, flowcharts, variables, and QBasic. It also includes fill-in-the-blank, true/false, and short answer questions testing understanding of concepts like algorithms, flowcharts, variables, loops, functions, and programming basics. Sample programs and flowcharts are provided as examples.
A Factor Graph Approach To Constrained OptimizationWendy Berg
This thesis presents a framework for solving constrained optimization problems using factor graphs and the GTSAM toolbox. It demonstrates using factor graphs and the active set method to solve linear and quadratic programs with inequality constraints. It also implements a line search method for sequential quadratic programming to solve nonlinear equality constrained problems. Representing optimization problems as factor graphs allows them to be solved as a series of sparse least squares problems. This provides an open-source way to approach constrained optimization problems commonly found in robotics applications such as control and planning.
This document discusses quadratic functions and graphs, including:
- Graphing quadratic functions in standard and vertex forms
- Identifying minimums, maximums, and axes of symmetry from graphs
- Finding minimums and maximums without graphing using calculators
- Applications of quadratic functions like quadratic regression and maximizing enclosed areas with fencing
This document discusses curve fitting in Matlab. It introduces the Curve Fitting tool and how to use it to fit data to functions. Key aspects covered include importing data into the tool, selecting fitting functions, viewing and analyzing fit results, and plotting residuals. Examples are provided of fitting data to a sine wave, linear function with and without weights, and examining fit confidence bounds and predictions over different ranges. The document provides a tutorial on using Matlab's Curve Fitting tool to model experimental data with functions.
This document introduces vectors and vector calculus. It defines a vector as a directed line segment with a magnitude and direction. Vectors are used to represent phenomena with both magnitude and direction, such as velocity and force. The document discusses Euclidean spaces R^2 and R^3, which are 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional spaces. It introduces right-handed coordinate systems for labeling points and representing graphs of functions of two or three variables in these spaces.
This document introduces vectors and vector calculus. It defines a vector as a directed line segment with a magnitude and direction. Vectors are used to represent physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction, such as velocity, acceleration, and force. The document discusses Euclidean spaces R^2 and R^3, which are used to graph functions of two and three variables. It introduces right-handed coordinate systems for labeling points and directions in three-dimensional space.
This document introduces vectors and vector operations in Euclidean space. It defines Euclidean space as R3, with three perpendicular coordinate axes (x, y, z). The graph of a function f(x,y) lies in R3, consisting of points (x,y,f(x,y)). It describes the right-handed coordinate system, where pointing thumb, index, and middle fingers represent the positive x, y, z axes. Vector operations like dot and cross products are introduced.
This document introduces vectors and vector operations in Euclidean space. It defines Euclidean space as R3, with three perpendicular coordinate axes (x, y, z). The graph of a function f(x,y) lies in R3, consisting of points (x,y,f(x,y)). It describes the right-handed coordinate system, where the thumb points in the positive z direction and the fingers curl from x to y. Vector operations like the dot and cross products are introduced.
This document introduces vectors and vector operations in Euclidean space. It defines Euclidean space as R3, with three perpendicular coordinate axes (x, y, z). The graph of a function f(x,y) lies in R3, consisting of points (x,y,f(x,y)). It describes the right-handed coordinate system, where pointing thumb, index, and middle fingers represent the positive x, y, z axes. Vector operations like dot and cross products are introduced.
This document introduces vectors and vector operations in Euclidean space. It defines Euclidean space as R3, with three perpendicular coordinate axes (x, y, z). The graph of a function f(x,y) lies in R3, consisting of points (x,y,f(x,y)). It describes the right-handed coordinate system, where the thumb points in the positive z direction and the fingers curl from x to y. Vector operations like the dot and cross products are introduced.
This document provides instructions for a tutorial activity that uses parametric equations to model the distance traveled by sound and seismic waves generated by an elephant stomp. It defines variables for time (t), sound wave (DSW), and ground wave (DGW) and uses these to create parametric functions describing the distance traveled by each wave over 3 seconds. Graphs of the functions are generated and formatted to visually compare the distances. The tutorial then provides questions to calculate distances and time delays using the parametric models.
The document provides an introduction to MATLAB and Simulink. It discusses downloading and installing MATLAB, getting help within MATLAB, using MATLAB as a calculator, performing matrix calculations, visualizing data through plotting, programming in MATLAB through script m-files and functions, solving ordinary differential equations numerically, finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and constructing models in Simulink.
This document provides instructions for additional functions on the Casio fx-570MS and fx-991MS calculators. It covers mathematical expression calculations, complex number calculations, scientific function calculations, and more. Key functions include replay copy to combine expressions, using CALC memory to quickly perform calculations with variables, and the SOLVE function to solve expressions directly without transforming them. Engineering symbols can be turned on for scientific calculations.
This document describes a maximum entropy modeling toolkit that provides conditional maximum entropy models, L-BFGS and GIS parameter estimation algorithms, Gaussian prior smoothing, C++ and Python APIs. It discusses building, installing and using the toolkit on various operating systems. It also provides tutorials on maximum entropy modeling concepts and using the toolkit's features and APIs.
El documento describe los escenarios de aprendizaje para una formación multicanal. Define los sistemas multimodales de educación universitaria y los escenarios de aprendizaje como espacios digitales donde participan actores con el objetivo de aprender. Explica la enseñanza multicanal considerando la audiencia, los canales accesibles, el modelo de aprendizaje y evaluación, y el rol de los docentes. Además, describe la evaluación multidimensional y los elementos de un módulo de aprendizaje personalizado e independiente para la formación en línea
Introduction to MATLAB Programming and Numerical Methods for Engineers 1st Ed...AmeryWalters
Full download : https://alibabadownload.com/product/introduction-to-matlab-programming-and-numerical-methods-for-engineers-1st-edition-siauw-solutions-manual/ Introduction to MATLAB Programming and Numerical Methods for Engineers 1st Edition Siauw Solutions Manual , Introduction to MATLAB Programming and Numerical Methods for Engineers,Siauw,1st Edition,Solutions Manual
This document describes a set of slider functions in R for exploratory data analysis. The functions allow users to dynamically modify statistical plots by adjusting slider parameters. Sections provide an overview of the slider functions, examples of them in use, and details on their implementation. Key functions covered include slider.hist for histograms, slider.density for density plots, and slider.brush.pairs for brushing pairs plots. The document discusses how the slider functions are structured and customized for interactive use.
Addison Wesley - Modern Control Systems Analysis and Design Using Matlab, Bis...Gollapalli Sreenivasulu
The document describes the basics of using MATLAB for control system design and analysis. It introduces key MATLAB objects including statements and variables, matrices, graphics, and scripts. Statements in MATLAB use the assignment operator "=" to assign values to variables. MATLAB supports basic mathematical operators and functions. Variables are case sensitive. The document provides examples of basic MATLAB operations and introduces some predefined MATLAB variables.
This document is a tutorial on programming in User RPL, the programming language of the HP48 calculator. It introduces basic programming concepts like programs, objects, and stack manipulation. It also covers topics like local variables, conditional tests, loop structures, error handling, input/output, and provides exercises for practice. The overall document serves as a guide to learning the fundamentals of programming on the HP48 calculator.
This document is the preface to a textbook on algorithmic mathematics. It introduces algorithms as unambiguous instructions to solve mathematical problems. The textbook aims to teach algorithm design and analysis, and provide constructive tools for abstract algebra. Algorithms are written in a simple language using standard notation, with if-statements and while-loops. Exercises similar to exam questions are included to aid learning.
The document contains a multiple choice quiz on computer science topics like maps, Google Earth Pro, algorithms, flowcharts, variables, and QBasic. It also includes fill-in-the-blank, true/false, and short answer questions testing understanding of concepts like algorithms, flowcharts, variables, loops, functions, and programming basics. Sample programs and flowcharts are provided as examples.
A Factor Graph Approach To Constrained OptimizationWendy Berg
This thesis presents a framework for solving constrained optimization problems using factor graphs and the GTSAM toolbox. It demonstrates using factor graphs and the active set method to solve linear and quadratic programs with inequality constraints. It also implements a line search method for sequential quadratic programming to solve nonlinear equality constrained problems. Representing optimization problems as factor graphs allows them to be solved as a series of sparse least squares problems. This provides an open-source way to approach constrained optimization problems commonly found in robotics applications such as control and planning.
This document discusses quadratic functions and graphs, including:
- Graphing quadratic functions in standard and vertex forms
- Identifying minimums, maximums, and axes of symmetry from graphs
- Finding minimums and maximums without graphing using calculators
- Applications of quadratic functions like quadratic regression and maximizing enclosed areas with fencing
This document discusses curve fitting in Matlab. It introduces the Curve Fitting tool and how to use it to fit data to functions. Key aspects covered include importing data into the tool, selecting fitting functions, viewing and analyzing fit results, and plotting residuals. Examples are provided of fitting data to a sine wave, linear function with and without weights, and examining fit confidence bounds and predictions over different ranges. The document provides a tutorial on using Matlab's Curve Fitting tool to model experimental data with functions.
This document introduces vectors and vector calculus. It defines a vector as a directed line segment with a magnitude and direction. Vectors are used to represent phenomena with both magnitude and direction, such as velocity and force. The document discusses Euclidean spaces R^2 and R^3, which are 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional spaces. It introduces right-handed coordinate systems for labeling points and representing graphs of functions of two or three variables in these spaces.
This document introduces vectors and vector calculus. It defines a vector as a directed line segment with a magnitude and direction. Vectors are used to represent physical quantities that have both magnitude and direction, such as velocity, acceleration, and force. The document discusses Euclidean spaces R^2 and R^3, which are used to graph functions of two and three variables. It introduces right-handed coordinate systems for labeling points and directions in three-dimensional space.
This document introduces vectors and vector operations in Euclidean space. It defines Euclidean space as R3, with three perpendicular coordinate axes (x, y, z). The graph of a function f(x,y) lies in R3, consisting of points (x,y,f(x,y)). It describes the right-handed coordinate system, where pointing thumb, index, and middle fingers represent the positive x, y, z axes. Vector operations like dot and cross products are introduced.
This document introduces vectors and vector operations in Euclidean space. It defines Euclidean space as R3, with three perpendicular coordinate axes (x, y, z). The graph of a function f(x,y) lies in R3, consisting of points (x,y,f(x,y)). It describes the right-handed coordinate system, where the thumb points in the positive z direction and the fingers curl from x to y. Vector operations like the dot and cross products are introduced.
This document introduces vectors and vector operations in Euclidean space. It defines Euclidean space as R3, with three perpendicular coordinate axes (x, y, z). The graph of a function f(x,y) lies in R3, consisting of points (x,y,f(x,y)). It describes the right-handed coordinate system, where pointing thumb, index, and middle fingers represent the positive x, y, z axes. Vector operations like dot and cross products are introduced.
This document introduces vectors and vector operations in Euclidean space. It defines Euclidean space as R3, with three perpendicular coordinate axes (x, y, z). The graph of a function f(x,y) lies in R3, consisting of points (x,y,f(x,y)). It describes the right-handed coordinate system, where the thumb points in the positive z direction and the fingers curl from x to y. Vector operations like the dot and cross products are introduced.
This document provides instructions for a tutorial activity that uses parametric equations to model the distance traveled by sound and seismic waves generated by an elephant stomp. It defines variables for time (t), sound wave (DSW), and ground wave (DGW) and uses these to create parametric functions describing the distance traveled by each wave over 3 seconds. Graphs of the functions are generated and formatted to visually compare the distances. The tutorial then provides questions to calculate distances and time delays using the parametric models.
The document provides an introduction to MATLAB and Simulink. It discusses downloading and installing MATLAB, getting help within MATLAB, using MATLAB as a calculator, performing matrix calculations, visualizing data through plotting, programming in MATLAB through script m-files and functions, solving ordinary differential equations numerically, finding eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and constructing models in Simulink.
This document provides instructions for additional functions on the Casio fx-570MS and fx-991MS calculators. It covers mathematical expression calculations, complex number calculations, scientific function calculations, and more. Key functions include replay copy to combine expressions, using CALC memory to quickly perform calculations with variables, and the SOLVE function to solve expressions directly without transforming them. Engineering symbols can be turned on for scientific calculations.
This document describes a maximum entropy modeling toolkit that provides conditional maximum entropy models, L-BFGS and GIS parameter estimation algorithms, Gaussian prior smoothing, C++ and Python APIs. It discusses building, installing and using the toolkit on various operating systems. It also provides tutorials on maximum entropy modeling concepts and using the toolkit's features and APIs.
El documento describe los escenarios de aprendizaje para una formación multicanal. Define los sistemas multimodales de educación universitaria y los escenarios de aprendizaje como espacios digitales donde participan actores con el objetivo de aprender. Explica la enseñanza multicanal considerando la audiencia, los canales accesibles, el modelo de aprendizaje y evaluación, y el rol de los docentes. Además, describe la evaluación multidimensional y los elementos de un módulo de aprendizaje personalizado e independiente para la formación en línea
Este documento trata sobre la correlación lineal entre variables. Explica los conceptos de correlación, coeficiente de correlación, ecuaciones de regresión, diagrama de dispersión y otros. También presenta ejemplos numéricos y gráficos para ilustrar cómo calcular e interpretar la correlación entre conjuntos de datos.
El documento describe diferentes medidas estadísticas, incluyendo medidas de tendencia central (media, mediana, moda), medidas de posición (percentiles), medidas de dispersión (rango, desviación estándar, varianza), y medidas de apuntamiento (curtosis, simetría). Explica cómo calcular cada medida y provee ejemplos numéricos para ilustrar los cálculos.
Este documento presenta una sesión de clase sobre estadística descriptiva y elementos de estadística aplicada a la investigación. Explica conceptos básicos como población, muestra, variable, parámetro y tipos de estadística. También cubre temas como recolección y procesamiento de datos, representaciones estadísticas como tablas y gráficos, y construcción de distribuciones de frecuencia. El objetivo es presentar herramientas estadísticas básicas para su uso en investigación.
Este documento presenta un libro sobre comunicación y lenguaje desde la perspectiva de la nueva neuropsicología cognitiva. El autor, Miquel Serra, es un catedrático de psicología con experiencia en el campo del lenguaje. El libro analiza la comunicación y el lenguaje desde puntos de vista adaptativo, evolutivo y comparativo, y aborda el procesamiento sensorial y motor para la construcción del significado y el lenguaje. Está concebido en dos volúmenes y pretende convertirse en una referencia para el estudio
El documento proporciona instrucciones para elaborar un mapa mental efectivo, comenzando con la idea central en el centro de la página y generando ideas relacionadas radialmente alrededor de esta. Las ideas deben priorizarse, relacionarse y destacarse visualmente mediante símbolos para clarificar las conexiones y hacer el mapa entretenido y útil.
Este documento describe los conceptos clave de la planificación docente. Explica que la planificación, enseñanza y evaluación son tareas continuas que todo docente realiza. Describe las fases de la planificación estratégica como momentos explicativo, normativo, estratégico y operacional. También cubre temas como los tipos de evaluación, criterios e indicadores, y la importancia de la observación sistemática en el proceso de evaluación. El objetivo general es guiar a los docentes en el proceso de planificación para optimizar la enseñanza.
Este documento describe los conceptos de población, muestra, técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos en diferentes diseños de investigación. Explica que la población son los sujetos de estudio y la muestra es una porción de la población. Detalla las técnicas e instrumentos para diseños documentales, de campo y experimentales. Además, cubre la validez, confiabilidad y técnicas de procesamiento y análisis de datos.
UNIDAD 2 FASE PLANTEAMIENTO ANTECEDENTES Y BASES TEORICAS.pptSistemadeEstudiosMed
Este documento presenta las secciones clave para elaborar un seminario de trabajo de grado, incluyendo la identificación y descripción del problema de investigación, los objetivos general y específicos, la justificación, delimitación e identificación de variables. Además, explica el marco referencial con antecedentes, bases teóricas, legales y definición de términos, y el sistema de variables con su conceptualización, dimensiones, indicadores e items.
Este documento presenta información sobre metodologías de investigación. Expone los paradigmas cuantitativo y cualitativo, así como diferentes métodos como la investigación empírico-analítica, etnografía, fenomenología e investigación-acción. También describe aspectos metodológicos como población y muestra, técnicas de recolección y análisis de datos, y validación de instrumentos. El documento provee una guía general sobre el diseño y desarrollo de proyectos y trabajos de investigación.
Este documento proporciona lineamientos para la elaboración de proyectos y trabajos de grado en la Universidad Nacional Experimental "Francisco de Miranda" de acuerdo con las normas APA. Incluye instrucciones sobre aspectos formales como el formato, estilo, estructura, citas y referencias. El objetivo es promover la uniformidad y calidad en la presentación de estos trabajos académicos.
Este documento describe una unidad quirúrgica, incluyendo la clasificación de sus zonas, características de los quirófanos, equipos, mobiliario, personal e indumentaria. Explica que una unidad quirúrgica consta de salas de operaciones diseñadas para procedimientos quirúrgicos y puede incluir servicios auxiliares. Describe las zonas blanca, gris y negra, y proporciona detalles sobre el quirófano, equipos, roles del personal quirúrgico e indumentaria requerida.
El documento describe las tres fases del periodo perioperatorio: preoperatoria, transoperatoria y postoperatoria. Se enfoca en la fase preoperatoria, explicando que comienza con la decisión de realizar la cirugía y termina con el traslado al quirófano. Detalla los objetivos y las actividades de enfermería en esta fase, incluyendo la valoración inicial del paciente, la preparación en la unidad clínica, el traslado al área quirúrgica y la recepción en el área preoperatoria, con énfasis en el
La cirugía es una rama de la medicina que comprende la preparación, las decisiones, el manejo intraoperatorio y los cuidados post-operatorios del paciente quirúrgico. Se clasifica según el tipo de cirugía (ambulatoria u hospitalaria), la causa (diagnóstica, curativa, reparadora o múltiples) y la urgencia (inmediata, necesaria, electiva u opcional). Existen factores de riesgo sistémicos como enfermedades cardiopulmonares, hepatopatías, embarazo, nefropatías
Este documento describe el proceso de cirugía ambulatoria, incluyendo las fases pre-operatoria, intra-operatoria y post-operatoria. En la fase pre-operatoria, se selecciona al paciente adecuado y se le dan instrucciones sobre la preparación y recuperación. Durante la fase intra-operatoria, se realiza la evaluación, anestesia, monitoreo y apoyo al paciente. En la fase post-operatoria, se supervisa la recuperación del paciente y se evalúan los criterios para el alta. Finalmente, se mencionan
Properties of Fluids, Fluid Statics, Pressure MeasurementIndrajeet sahu
Properties of Fluids: Density, viscosity, surface tension, compressibility, and specific gravity define fluid behavior.
Fluid Statics: Studies pressure, hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, and fluid forces on surfaces.
Pressure at a Point: In a static fluid, the pressure at any point is the same in all directions. This is known as Pascal's principle. The pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.
Hydrostatic Pressure: The pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the force of gravity. It can be calculated using the formula P=ρghP=ρgh, where PP is the pressure, ρρ is the fluid density, gg is the acceleration due to gravity, and hh is the height of the fluid column above the point in question.
Buoyancy: The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged or partially submerged object. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object, as described by Archimedes' principle. Buoyancy explains why objects float or sink in fluids.
Fluid Pressure on Surfaces: The analysis of pressure forces on surfaces submerged in fluids. This includes calculating the total force and the center of pressure, which is the point where the resultant pressure force acts.
Pressure Measurement: Manometers, barometers, pressure gauges, and differential pressure transducers measure fluid pressure.
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation w...IJCNCJournal
Paper Title
Particle Swarm Optimization–Long Short-Term Memory based Channel Estimation with Hybrid Beam Forming Power Transfer in WSN-IoT Applications
Authors
Reginald Jude Sixtus J and Tamilarasi Muthu, Puducherry Technological University, India
Abstract
Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) helps to overcome various difficulties in future technology wireless communications. NOMA, when utilized with millimeter wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, channel estimation becomes extremely difficult. For reaping the benefits of the NOMA and mm-Wave combination, effective channel estimation is required. In this paper, we propose an enhanced particle swarm optimization based long short-term memory estimator network (PSOLSTMEstNet), which is a neural network model that can be employed to forecast the bandwidth required in the mm-Wave MIMO network. The prime advantage of the LSTM is that it has the capability of dynamically adapting to the functioning pattern of fluctuating channel state. The LSTM stage with adaptive coding and modulation enhances the BER.PSO algorithm is employed to optimize input weights of LSTM network. The modified algorithm splits the power by channel condition of every single user. Participants will be first sorted into distinct groups depending upon respective channel conditions, using a hybrid beamforming approach. The network characteristics are fine-estimated using PSO-LSTMEstNet after a rough approximation of channels parameters derived from the received data.
Keywords
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit Error Rate (BER), mm-Wave, MIMO, NOMA, deep learning, optimization.
Volume URL: https://airccse.org/journal/ijc2022.html
Abstract URL:https://aircconline.com/abstract/ijcnc/v14n5/14522cnc05.html
Pdf URL: https://aircconline.com/ijcnc/V14N5/14522cnc05.pdf
#scopuspublication #scopusindexed #callforpapers #researchpapers #cfp #researchers #phdstudent #researchScholar #journalpaper #submission #journalsubmission #WBAN #requirements #tailoredtreatment #MACstrategy #enhancedefficiency #protrcal #computing #analysis #wirelessbodyareanetworks #wirelessnetworks
#adhocnetwork #VANETs #OLSRrouting #routing #MPR #nderesidualenergy #korea #cognitiveradionetworks #radionetworks #rendezvoussequence
Here's where you can reach us : ijcnc@airccse.org or ijcnc@aircconline.com
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Impartiality as per ISO /IEC 17025:2017 StandardMuhammadJazib15
This document provides basic guidelines for imparitallity requirement of ISO 17025. It defines in detial how it is met and wiudhwdih jdhsjdhwudjwkdbjwkdddddddddddkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwioiiiiiiiiiiiii uwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwhe wiqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq gbbbbbbbbbbbbb owdjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj widhi owqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq uwdhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhwqiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiw0pooooojjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj whhhhhhhhhhh wheeeeeeee wihieiiiiii wihe
e qqqqqqqqqqeuwiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiqw dddddddddd cccccccccccccccv s w c r
cdf cb bicbsad ishd d qwkbdwiur e wetwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww w
dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffw
uuuuhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhe qiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbu uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuum
m
m mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm m i
g i dijsd sjdnsjd ndjajsdnnsa adjdnawddddddddddddd uw
This study Examines the Effectiveness of Talent Procurement through the Imple...DharmaBanothu
In the world with high technology and fast
forward mindset recruiters are walking/showing interest
towards E-Recruitment. Present most of the HRs of
many companies are choosing E-Recruitment as the best
choice for recruitment. E-Recruitment is being done
through many online platforms like Linkedin, Naukri,
Instagram , Facebook etc. Now with high technology E-
Recruitment has gone through next level by using
Artificial Intelligence too.
Key Words : Talent Management, Talent Acquisition , E-
Recruitment , Artificial Intelligence Introduction
Effectiveness of Talent Acquisition through E-
Recruitment in this topic we will discuss about 4important
and interlinked topics which are
5. Abstract
KmPlot is a mathematical function plotter for the KDE Desktop.
KmPlot is part of the KDE-EDU Project: http://edu.kde.org/
6. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 1
Introduction
KmPlot is a mathematical function plotter for the KDE Desktop. It has a pow-
erful built-in parser. You can plot different functions simultaneously and com-
bine them to build new functions.
KmPlot supports parametric functions and functions in polar coordinates. Sev-
eral grid modes are supported. Plots may be printed with high precision in the
correct scale.
KmPlot also provides some numerical and visual features like:
1
7. The KmPlot Handbook
• Filling and calculating the area between the plot and the first axis
• Finding maximum and minimum values
• Changing function parameters dynamically
• Plotting derivatives and integral functions.
These features help in learning the relationship between mathematical func-
tions and their graphical representation in a coordinate system.
2
8. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 2
First Steps With KmPlot
2.1 Simple Function Plot
In the main toolbar there is a simple text box in which you can enter a function
expression. Simply enter:
x^2
and press Enter. This will draw the plot of y=xˆ2 in the coordinate system.
Enter another expression in the text box like
5*sin(x)
and another plot will be added.
Click on one of the lines you have just plotted. Now the cross hair gets the
color of the plot and is attached to the plot. You can use the mouse to move
the cross hair along the plot. In the status bar at the bottom of the window the
coordinates of the current position is displayed. Note that if the plot touches
the x-axis the root will be displayed in the status bar, too.
Click the mouse again and the cross hair will be detached from the plot.
2.2 Edit Properties
Let us make some changes to the function and change the color of the plot.
You can edit all functions with the Plot → Edit Plots... menu entry. A dialog
appears which lists all the functions that you have plotted. Notice that Km-
Plot has automatically found a unique function name for your expressions and
completed the expression to a function equation.
3
9. The KmPlot Handbook
Select f(x)=xˆ2 in the list. A double click or pressing the Edit button will show
you a dialog window. Here you have access to a lot of options. Let us rename
the function and move the plot 5 units down. Change the function equation to
parabola(x)=x^2-5
To select another color for the plot click into the Color: box. Finally press OK
and your changes take effect in the coordinate system.
NOTE
All changes can be undone until you press OK in the Edit Plots dialog.
4
10. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 3
Using KmPlot
KmPlot deals with named functions, which can be specified in terms of Carte-
sian coordinates (called ‘explicit functions’), polar coordinates or as parametric
functions. To enter a function, choose Plot → Edit Plots.... You can also enter
new functions in the Function equation text box in the main KmPlot window.
The text box can handle explicit and polar functions. Each function you enter
must have a unique name (i.e., a name that is not taken by any of the exist-
ing functions displayed in the list box). A function name will be automatically
generated if you do not specify one.
For more information on KmPlot functions, see chapter 5.
5
11. The KmPlot Handbook
3.1 Function Types
3.1.1 Explicit Functions
To enter an explicit function (i.e., a function in the form y=f(x)) into KmPlot,
just enter it in the following form:
f(x)=expression
Where:
6
12. The KmPlot Handbook
• f is the name of the function, and can be any string of letters and numbers
you like, provided it does not start with any of the letters x, y or r (since these
are used for parametric and polar functions).
• x is the x-coordinate, to be used in the expression following the equals sign.
It is in fact a dummy variable, so you can use any variable name you like,
but the effect will be the same.
• expression is the expression to be plotted, given in appropriate syntax for
KmPlot. See Section 5.4.
As an example, to draw the graph of y=x2+2x, enter the following into the
functions dialog of KmPlot:
f(x)=x^2+2x
3.1.2 Parametric Functions
Parametric functions are those in which the x and y coordinates are defined
by separate functions of another variable, often called t. To enter a parametric
function in KmPlot, follow the procedure as for an explicit function, but prefix
the name of the function describing the x-coordinate with the letter x, and the
function describing the y-coordinate with the letter y. As with explicit func-
tions, you may use any variable name you wish for the parameter. To draw
a parametric function, you must go to PlotNew Parametric Plot.... A function
name will be created automatic if you do not specify one.
As an example, suppose you want to draw a circle, which has parametric equa-
tions x=sin(t), y=cos(t). In the KmPlot functions dialog, do the following:
1. Open the parametric plot dialog with Plot → New Parametric Plot....
2. Enter a name for the function, say, circle, in the Name box. The names of
the x and y functions change to match this name: the x function becomes
xcircle(t) and the y function becomes ycircle(t).
3. In the x and y boxes, enter the appropriate equations, i.e., xcircle(t)=sin(t)
and ycircle(t)=cos(t).
Click on OK and the function will be drawn.
You can set some further options for the plot in this dialog:
Hide If this option is selected, the plot is not drawn, but KmPlot remembers
the function definition, so you can use it to define other functions.
Custom plot minimum-range, Custom plot maximum-range If this options are
selected, you can change the maximum and minimum values of the pa-
rameter t for which the function is plotted using the Min: and Max:
boxes.
7
13. The KmPlot Handbook
Line width: With this option you can set the width of the line drawn on the
plot area, in units of 0.1mm.
Color: Click on the color box and pick a color in the dialog that appears. The
line on the plot will be drawn in this color.
3.1.3 Entering Functions in Polar Coordinates
Polar coordinates represent a point by its distance from the origin (usually
called r), and the angle a line from the origin to the point makes with the x-
axis (usually represented by the Greek letter theta). To enter functions in polar
coordinates, use the menu entry Plot → New Polar Plot.... In the box labeled r,
complete the function definition, including the name of the theta variable you
want to use, e.g., to draw the Archimedes’ spiral r=theta, enter:
(theta)=theta
so that the whole line reads ‘r(theta)=theta’. Note that you can use any name
for the theta variable, so ‘r(foo)=foo’ would have produced exactly the same
output.
3.2 Combining Functions
Functions can be combined to produce new ones. Simply enter the functions
after the equals sign in an expression as if the functions were variables. For
example, if you have defined functions f(x) and g(x), you can plot the sum of f
and g with:
sum(x)=f(x)+g(x)
Note that you can only combine functions of the same type, e.g. an explicit
function cannot be combined with a polar function.
3.3 Changing the appearance of functions
To change the appearance of a function’s graph on the main plot window, select
the function in the Edit Plots dialog, and click on the Edit button. In the dialog
which appears, you can change the line width in the text box, and the color of
the function’s graph by clicking on the color button at the bottom. If you are
editing an explicit function, you will see a dialog with three tabs. In the first
one you specify the equation of the function. The Derivatives tab lets you draw
the first and second derivative to the function. With the Integral tab you can
draw the integral of the function which is calculated using Euler’s method.
8
14. The KmPlot Handbook
Another way to edit a function is to right click on the graph. In the popup
menu that appears, choose Edit
For more information on the popup menu, see Section 3.4.
3.4 Popup menu
When right-clicking on a plot function or a single-point parametric plot func-
tion a popup menu will appear. In the menu there are five items available:
Hide Hides the selected graph. Other plots of the graph’s function will still be
shown.
Remove Removes the function. All its graphs will disappear.
Edit Shows the editor dialog for the selected function.
Copy Copies the graph to another running KmPlot instance.
Move Moves the graph to another running KmPlot instance.
For plot functions the following four items are also available:
Get y-Value Opens a dialog in which you can find the y-value corresponding
to a specific x-value. The selected graph will be highlighted in the dialog.
Enter an x value in the X: box, and click on Calculate (or press Enter). The
corresponding y value will be shown under Y:.
Search for Minimum Value Find the minimum value of the graph in a spec-
ified range. The selected graph will be highlighted in the dialog that
appears. Enter the lower and upper boundaries of the region in which
you want to search for a minimum, and click Find. The x and y values at
the minimum will be shown.
Search for Maximum Value This is the same as Search for Minimum Value
above, but finds maximum values instead of minima.
Calculate Integral Select the x-values for the graph in the new dialog that ap-
pears. Calulates the integral and draws the area between the graph and
the x-axis in the selected range in the color of the graph.
9
15. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 4
Configuring KmPlot
To access the KmPlot configuration dialog, select Settings → Configure Km-
Plot.... A number of settings (Colors..., Coordinate System..., Scaling... and
Fonts...) can only be changed from the Edit menu.
4.1 General Configuration
Here you can set global settings which automatic will be saved when you exit
KmPlot. In the first page you can set calculation-precision, angle-mode (radi-
ans and degrees), background color and zoom in and zoom out factors.
10
16. The KmPlot Handbook
The second page let you define you own constants. KmPlot saves the constants
in the same file as KCalc does. That means you can create a constant in KmPlot,
close the program and load it in KCalc and vice versa. KmPlot only supports
constant names that consist of one capital character and if you in KCalc define
a constant name that is not one character, the name will be truncated. E.g, if
you already have the constants "apple" and "bananas" in KCalc, they will be
renamed to "A" and "B" in KmPlot.
11
17. The KmPlot Handbook
4.2 Colors Configuration
In the Coords tab of the Colors configuration dialog, you can change the colors
of the axes and grid of the main KmPlot area.
In the Default Function Colors tab, you can change the colors used for the
graphs of the ten functions allowed in KmPlot.
4.3 Coordinate System Configuration
4.3.1 The Axes Configuration
X-Axis Sets the range for the x-axis scale. You can choose one of the predefined
ranges, or select Custom to make your own. Note that in the Custom
boxes, you can use the predefined functions and constants (see Section
5.2) as the extremes of the range (e.g., set Min: to 2*pi). You can even
use functions you have defined to set the extremes of the axis range. For
example, if you have defined a function f(x)=xˆ2, you could set Min: to
f(3), which would make the lower end of the range equal to 9.
Y-Axis Sets the range for the y-axis. See ‘X-Axis’ above.
Axis-line width: Sets the width of the lines representing the axes.
12
18. The KmPlot Handbook
Tic width: Sets the width of the lines representing tics on the axes.
Tic length: Sets the length of the lines representing tics on the axes.
Show labels If checked, the names (x, y) of the axes are shown on the plot and
the axes’ tics are labeled.
Show extra frame If checked, the plot area is framed by an extra line.
Show axes If checked, the axes are visible.
Show arrows If checked, the axes are displayed with arrows at their ends.
4.3.2 The Grid Configuration
You can set the Grid Style to one of four options:
None No gridlines are drawn on the plot area
Lines Straight lines form a grid of squares on the plot area.
Crosses Crosses are drawn to indicate points where x and y have integer val-
ues (e.g., (1,1), (4,2) etc.).
Polar Lines of constant radius and of constant angle are drawn on the plot
area.
The Line width option is used to set the width of the lines of the grid.
13
19. The KmPlot Handbook
4.4 Scaling Configuration
For each axis, you can set the Scaling: and Printing: of one tic. The Scaling:
option selects how many units apart the axis tics will be (and therefore, how
far apart grid lines will be drawn), and the Printing: option selects the length of
one tic when displayed on the screen or printed. In this way, these options can
be used to change the size of the graph on screen or on a page: For example,
doubling the Printing: setting whilst keeping the Scaling: setting the same will
result in the graph doubling in in height or width.
14
20. The KmPlot Handbook
4.5 Fonts Configuration
Header table: sets the font for the information table shown in KmPlot print-
outs, and Axis font: and Axis font size: sets the font and its size used for all
labels on the axes in the plot area.
15
21. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 5
KmPlot Reference
5.1 Function Syntax
Some syntax rules must be complied with:
name(var1[, var2])=term [;extensions]
name The function name. If the first character is ‘r’ the parser assumes that
you are using polar coordinates. If the first character is ‘x’ (for instance
‘xfunc’) the parser expects a second function with a leading ‘y’ (here
‘yfunc’) to define the function in parametric form.
var1 The function’s variable
var2 The function ‘group parameter’. It must be separated from the function’s
variable by a comma. You can use the group parameter to, for example,
plot a number of graphs from one function. The parameter values can
be selected manually or you can choose to have a slider bar that controls
one parameter. By changing the value of the slider the value parameter
will be changed. The slider can be set to an integer between 0 and 100.
term The expression defining the function.
5.2 Predefined Function Names and Constants
All the predefined functions and constants that KmPlot knows can be shown
by selecting Help → Predefined Math Functions. They are:
sqr, sqrt Return the square and square root of a number, respectively.
16
22. The KmPlot Handbook
exp, ln Return the exponential and natural logarithm of a number, respec-
tively.
log Returns the logarithm to base 10 of a number.
sin, arcsin Return the sine and inverse sine of a number, respectively. Note
that the argument to sin and the return value of arcsin are in radians.
cos, arccos Return the cosine and inverse cosine of a number, respectively.
Also in radians.
tan, arctan Return the tangent and inverse tangent of a number, respectively.
Also in radians.
sinh, arcsinh Return the hyperbolic sine and inverse hyperbolic sine of a num-
ber, respectively.
cosh, arccosh Return the hyperbolic cosine and inverse hyperbolic cosine of a
number, respectively.
tanh, arctanh Return the hyperbolic tangent and inverse hyperbolic tangent of
a number, respectively.
sin, arcsin Return the sine and inverse sine of a number, respectively. Note
that the argument to sin and the return value of arcsin are in radians.
cos, arccos Return the cosine and inverse cosine of a number, respectively.
Also in radians.
pi, e Constants representing π (3.14159...) and e (2.71828...), respectively.
These functions and constants and even all user defined functions can be used
to determine the axes settings as well. See Section 4.3.1.
5.3 Extensions
An extension for a function is specified by entering a semicolon, followed by
the extension, after the function definition. The extension can either be written
in the Quick Edit box or by using the DCOP method Parser addFunction. None
of the extensions are available for parametric functions but N and D[a,b] work
for polar functions too. For example:
f(x)=x^2; A1
will show the graph y=x2 with its first derivative. Supported extensions are
described below:
N The function will be stored but not be drawn. It can be used like any other
user-defined or predefined function.
17
23. The KmPlot Handbook
A1 The graph of the derivative of the function will be drawn additionally with
the same color but less line width.
A2 The graph of the second derivative of the function will be drawn addition-
ally with the same color but less line width.
D[a,b] Sets the domain for which the function will be displayed.
P[a{,b...}] Give a set of values of a group parameter for which the function
should be displayed. For example: f(x,k)=k*x;P[1,2,3] will plot the
functions f(x)=x, f(x)=2*x and f(x)=3*x. You can also use functions as the
arguments to the P option.
Please note that you can do all of these operations by using the function editor
dialog too.
5.4 Mathematical Syntax
KmPlot uses a common way of expressing mathematical functions, so you
should have no trouble working it out. The operators KmPlot understands
are, in order of decreasing precedence:
ˆ The caret symbol performs exponentiation. e.g., 2ˆ4 returns 16.
*, / The asterisk and slash symbols perform multiplication and division . e.g.,
3*4/2 returns 6.
+, - The plus and minus symbols perform addition and subtraction. e.g., 1+3-2
returns 2.
Note the precedence, which means that if parentheses are not used, exponenti-
ation is performed before multiplication/division, which is performed before
addition/subtraction. So 1+2*4ˆ2 returns 33, and not, say 144. To override this,
use parentheses. To use the above example, ((1+2)*4)ˆ2 will return 144.
5.5 Plotting Area
By default, explicitly given functions are plotted for the whole of the visible
part of the x-axis. You can specify an other range in the edit-dialog for the
function. For every pixel on the x-axis KmPlot calculates a function value. If
the plotting area contains the resulting point it is connected to the last drawn
point by a line.
Parametric functions are plotted for parameter values from 0 up to 2π.
You can set the plotting range in the dialog for the function too.
18
24. The KmPlot Handbook
5.6 Cross Hair Cursor
While the mouse cursor is over the plotting area the cursor changes to a cross
hair. The current coordinates can be seen at the intersections with the coordi-
nate axes and also in the status bar at the bottom of the main window.
You can trace a function’s values more precisely by clicking onto or next to a
graph. The selected function is shown in the status bar in the right column. The
cross hair then will be caught and be colored in the same color as the graph. If
the graph has the same color as the background color, the cross hair will have
the inverted color of the background. When moving the mouse or pressing the
keys Left or Right the cross hair will follow the function and you see the current
x- and y-value. If the cross hair is close to y-axis, the root-value is shown in the
statusbar. You can switch function with the Up and Down keys. A second click
anywhere in the window or pressing any non-navigating key will leave this
trace mode.
Note that tracing is only possible with explicitly given functions. The coor-
dinates are always displayed according to a Cartesian system of coordinates.
Neither non-single-point parametric functions nor functions given in polar co-
ordinates can be traced in this way.
19
25. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 6
Command Reference
6.1 The File Menu
File → New (Ctrl+N) Starts a new Plot by clearing the coordinate system and
resetting the function parser.
File → Open... (Ctrl+O) Opens an existing document.
File → Open Recent Displays a list of recently opened files. Selecting one
from this list plots the functions in the file.
File → Save (Ctrl+S) Saves the document.
File → Save As... Saves the document under another name.
File → Print... (Ctrl+P) Sends the plot to a printer or file.
File → Export... Export values to a textfile. Every value in the parameter list
will be written to one line in the file.
File → Quit (Ctrl+Q) Exits KmPlot.
6.2 The Edit Menu
Edit → Colors... Displays the Colors Settings dialog box. See Section 4.2.
Edit → Coordinate System... Displays the Coordinate System dialog box. See
Section 4.3.
Edit → Scaling... Displays the Scale Settings dialog box. See Section 4.4.
Edit → Fonts... Displays the Fonts Settings dialog box. See Section 4.5.
20
26. The KmPlot Handbook
Edit → Coordinate System I Show both positive and negative x- and y-values
on the grid.
Edit → Coordinate System II Show positive and negative y-values, but posi-
tive x-values only
Edit → Coordinate System III Show only positive x- and y-values.
6.3 The Plot Menu
Plot → New Function Plot... Opens the dialog for creating a new function
plot. See chapter 3.
Plot → New Parametric Plot... Opens the dialog for creating a new paramet-
ric plot. See chapter 3.
Plot → New Polar Plot... Opens the dialog for creating a new polar plot. See
chapter 3.
Plot → Edit Plots... Displays the functions dialog. There you can add, edit
and remove functions. See chapter 3.
6.4 The Zoom Menu
The first five items in the menu change zoom-mode.
Zoom → No Zoom (Ctrl+0) Disable the zoom-mode.
Zoom → Zoom Rectangular (Ctrl+1) Let the user draw a rectangle. The min-
imum and maximum values will be set to the coordinates of the rectangle.
Zoom → Zoom In (Ctrl+2) The minimum and maximum values will come
closer to each other and the selected point in the graph will be centered.
Zoom → Zoom Out (Ctrl+3) The minimum and maximum values will be more
separated from each other and the selected point in the graph will be cen-
tered.
Zoom → Center Point (Ctrl+4) The selected point in the graph will be cen-
tered.
Zoom → Fit Widget to Trigonometric Functions The scale will be adapted to
trigonometric functions. This works both for radians and degrees.
21
27. The KmPlot Handbook
6.5 The Tools Menu
This menu contains some tools for the functions that can be useful:
Tools → Get y-Value... Let the user get the y-value from a specific x-value. At
the moment, only plot functions are supported. Type a value or expres-
sion in the text box under "X:". In the list below all the available functions
are shown. Press the "Calculate" button to find the function’s y-value.
The result will be shown in the y-value box.
Tools → Search for Minimum Value... Find the minimum value of the graph
in a specified range.
Tools → Search for Maximum Value... Find the maximum value of the graph
in a specified range.
Tools → Calculate Integral Select a graph and the x-values in the new dia-
log that appears. Calulates the integral and draws the area between the
graph and the x-axis in the range of the selected x-values in the color of
the graph.
6.6 The Settings Menu
Settings → Show/Hide Toolbar Toggle on and off the display of the toolbar.
The default is on.
Settings → Show/Hide Statusbar Toggle on and off the display of the status
bar at the bottom of the KmPlot main window. The default is on.
Settings → Full Screen Mode (Ctrl-Shift-F) With this action you toggle the full
screen mode.
Settings → Show Sliders Toogles the display of sliders 1 to 4 on and off.
Settings → Configure Shortcuts... Personalize the keybindings for KmPlot.
Settings → Configure Toolbars... Personalize the toolbars for KmPlot.
Settings → Configure KmPlot... Customize KmPlot. The options available to
you are described in chapter 4.
6.7 The Help Menu
KmPlot has a standard KDE Help as described below, with one addition:
Help → Predefined Math Functions... Opens a window with a list of the pre-
defined function names and constants that KmPlot knows.
22
28. The KmPlot Handbook
The standard KDE Help entries are:
Help → KmPlot Handbook (F1) Invokes the KDE Help system starting at the
KmPlot help pages. (this document).
Help → What’s This? (Shift+F1) Changes the mouse cursor to a combination
arrow and question mark. Clicking on items within KmPlot will open a
help window (if one exists for the particular item) explaining the item’s
function.
Help → Report Bug... Opens the Bug report dialog where you can report a
bug or request a ‘wishlist’ feature.
Help → About KmPlot This will display version and author information.
Help → About KDE This displays the KDE version and other basic informa-
tion.
23
29. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 7
Scripting KmPlot
A new feature in KDE 3.4 is that you can write scrips for KmPlot with DCOP.
For example, if you want to define a new function f(x)=2sin x+3cos x, set its
line width to 20 and then draw it, you type in a console:
dcop kmplot-PID Parser addFunction "f(x)=2sin x+3cos x" As a result, the
new function’s id number will be returned, or -1 if the function could not be
defined.
>dcop kmplot-PID Parser setFunctionFLineWidth 20 ID This command sets
the function with the id number ID the line width to 20.
>dcop kmplot-PID View drawPlot This command repaints the window so
that the function get visible.
A list over the available functions:
KmPlotShell fileOpen &url Load the file url.
MainDlg isModified Returns true if any changes are done.
MainDlg editColors Opens the color edit dialog.
MainDlg editAxes Opens the coordinate system edit dialog.
MainDlg editScaling Opens the scaling edit dialog.
MainDlg editFonts Opens the fonts edit dialog.
MainDlg editConstants Opens the constants edit dialog.
MainDlg newFunction Opens the new function plot dialog.
MainDlg newParametric Opens the new parametric plot dialog.
MainDlg newPolar Opens the new polar plot dialog.
MainDlg toggleShowSlider0 Shows/hides parameter slider window num-
ber 1.
24
30. The KmPlot Handbook
MainDlg toggleShowSlider1 Shows/hides parameter slider window num-
ber 2.
MainDlg toggleShowSlider2 Shows/hides parameter slider window num-
ber 3.
MainDlg toggleShowSlider3 Shows/hides parameter slider window num-
ber 4.
MainDlg slotSave Saves the functions (opens the save dialog if it is a new
file).
MainDlg slotSaveas The same as choosing File → Save As in the menu.
MainDlg slotEditPlots Opens the edit plots dialog.
MainDlg slotPrint Opens the print dialog.
MainDlg slotExport Opens the export dialog.
MainDlg slotSettings Opens the settings dialog.
MainDlg slotNames Shows a list of predefined math functions.
MainDlg slotCoord1 Coordinate System I.
MainDlg slotCoord2 Coordinate System II.
MainDlg slotCoord3 Coordinate System III.
MainDlg getYValue The same as choosing Tools → Get y-Value... in the menu.
MainDlg findMinimumValue The same as choosing Tools → Search for Min-
imum Value... in the menu.
MainDlg findMaximumValue The same as choosing Tools → Search for Max-
imum Value... in the menu.
MainDlg graphArea The same as choosing Tools → Calculate Integral in the
menu.
Parser addFunction f_str Adds a new function with the expression f_st-
r. If the expression does not contain a function name, it will be auto-
generated. The id number of the new function is returned, or -1 if the
function couln’t be defined.
Parser delfkt id Removes the function with the id number id. If the function
could not be deleted, false is returned, otherwise true.
Parser setFunctionExpression f_str id Sets the expression for the function with
the id number id to f_str. Returns true if it succeed, otherwise false.
Parser countFunctions Returns the number of functions (parametric func-
tions are calculated as two).
Parser listFunctionNames Returns a list with all functions.
Parser fnameToId f_str Returns the id number of f_str or -1 if the function
name f_str was not found.
25
31. The KmPlot Handbook
Parser id x Calculates the value x for the function with the ID id or returns
0.0 if id does not exist.
Parser functionFVisible id Returns true if the function with the ID id is vis-
ible, otherwise false.
Parser functionF1Visible id Returns true if the first derivative of the func-
tion with the ID id is visible, otherwise false.
Parser functionF2Visible id Returns true if the second derivative of the func-
tion with the ID id is visible, otherwise false.
Parser functionIntVisible id Returns true if the integral of the function with
the ID id is visible, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionFVisible visible id Shows the function with the ID id if
visible is true. If visible is false, the function will be hidden. True is
returned if the function exists, otherwise false
Parser setFunctionF1Visible visible id Shows the first derivative of the func-
tion with the ID id if visible is true. If visible is false, the function will
be hidden. True is returned if the function exists, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionF2Visible visible id Shows the second derivative of the
function with the ID id if visible is true. If visible is false, the function
will be hidden. True is returned if the function exists, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionIntVisible visible id Shows the integral of the function with
the ID id if visible is true. If visible is false, the function will be hid-
den. True is returned if the function exists, otherwise false.
Parser functionStr id Returns the function expression of the function with
the ID id. If the function not exists, an empty string is returned instead.
Parser functionFColor id Returns the color of the function with the ID id.
Parser functionF1Color id Returns the color of the first derivative of the func-
tion with the ID id.
Parser functionF2Color id Returns the color of the second derivative of the
function with the ID id.
Parser functionIntColor id Returns the color of the integral of the function
with the ID id.
Parser setFunctionFColor color id Sets the color of the function with the ID
id to color. True is returned if the function exists, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionF1Color color id Sets the color of the first derivative of the
function with the ID id to color. True is returned if the function exists,
otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionF2Color color id Sets the color of the second derivative of
the function with the ID id to color. True is returned if the function
exists, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionIntColor color id Sets the color of the integral of the func-
tion with the ID id to color. True is returned if the function exists, oth-
erwise false.
Parser functionFLineWidth id Returns the line width of the function with
the ID id. If the function not exists, 0 is returned.
26
32. The KmPlot Handbook
Parser functionF1LineWidth id Returns the line width of the first derivative
of the function with the ID id. If the function not exists, 0 is returned.
Parser functionF2LineWidth id Returns the line width of the first derivative
of the function with the ID id. If the function not exists, 0 is returned.
Parser functionIntLineWidth id Returns the line width of the integral of the
function with the ID id. If the function not exists, 0 is returned.
Parser setFunctionFLineWidth linewidth id Sets the line width of the func-
tion with the ID id to linewidth. True is returned if the function exists,
otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionF1LineWidth linewidth id Sets the line width of the first
derivative of the function with the ID id to linewidth. True is returned
if the function exists, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionF2LineWidth linewidth id Sets the line width of the sec-
ond derivative of the function with the ID id to linewidth. True is re-
turned if the function exists, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionIntLineWidth linewidth id Sets the line width of the in-
tegral of the function with the ID id to linewidth. True is returned if the
function exists, otherwise false.
Parser functionParameterList id Returns a list with all the parameter values
for the function with the ID id.
Parser functionAddParameter new_parameter id Adds the parameter value
new_parameter to the function with the ID id. True is returned if the
operation succeed, otherwise false.
Parser functionRemoveParameter remove_parameter id Removes the param-
eter value remove_parameter from the function with the ID id. True is
returned if the operation succeed, otherwise false.
Parser functionMinValue id Returns the minimum plot range value of the
function with the ID id. If the function not exists or if the minimum
value is not definied, an empty string is returned.
Parser functionMaxValue id Returns the maximum plot range value of the
function with the ID id. If the function not exists or if the maximum
value is not definied, an empty string is returned.
Parser setFunctionMinValue min id Sets the minimum plot range value of
the function with the ID id to min. True is returned if the function exists
and the expression is valid, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionMaxValue max id Sets the maximum plot range value of
the function with the ID id to max. True is returned if the function exists
and the expression is valid, otherwise false.
Parser functionStartXValue id Returns the initial x point for the integral of
the function with the ID id. If the function not exists or if the x-point-
expression is not definied, an empty string is returned.
Parser functionStartYValue id Returns the initial y point for the integral of
the function with the ID id. If the function not exists or if the y-point-
expression is not definied, an empty string is returned.
27
33. The KmPlot Handbook
Parser setFunctionStartXValue min id Sets the initial x point for the integral
of the function with the ID id to x. True is returned if the function exists
and the expression is valid, otherwise false.
Parser setFunctionStartYValue max id Sets the initial y point for the integral
of the function with the ID id to y. True is returned if the function exists
and the expression is valid, otherwise false.
View stopDrawing If KmPlot currently is drawing a function, the procedure
will stop.
View drawPlot Redraws all functions.
28
34. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 8
Developer’s Guide to KmPlot
If you want to contribute to KmPlot feel free to send a mail to kd.moeller@t-
online.de or f_edemar@linux.se
29
35. The KmPlot Handbook
Chapter 9
Credits and License
KmPlot
Program copyright 2000-2002 Klaus-Dieter Möller kd.moeller@t-online.de
CONTRIBUTORS
• CVS: Robert Gogolok mail@robert-gogoloh.de
• Porting GUI to KDE 3 and Translating: Matthias Messmer bmlmessmer@web.de
• Various improvements: Fredrik Edemar f_edemar@linux.se
Documentation copyright 2000--2002 by Klaus-Dieter Möller kd.moeller@t-online.de.
Documentation extended and updated for KDE 3.2 by Philip Rodrigues phil@kde.org.
Documentation extended and updated for KDE 3.3 by Philip Rodrigues phil@kde.org
and Fredrik Edemar f_edemar@linux.se.
Documentation extended and updated for KDE 3.4 by Fredrik Edemar f_edemar@linux.se.
This documentation is licensed under the terms of the GNU Free Documenta-
tion License.
This program is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
30
36. The KmPlot Handbook
Appendix A
Installation
KmPlot is part of the KDE project http://www.kde.org/ .
KmPlot can be found in the kdeedu package on ftp://ftp.kde.org/pub/kde/ ,
the main FTP site of the KDE project.
KmPlot is part of the KDE EDU Project: http://edu.kde.org/
KmPlot has its own homepage on SourceForge. You can also find archives of
older versions of KmPlot there, for example, for KDE 2.x
In order to compile and install KmPlot on your system, type the following in
the base directory of the KmPlot distribution:
% ./configure
% make
% make install
Since KmPlot uses autoconf and automake you should have no trouble com-
piling it. Should you run into problems please report them to the KDE mailing
lists.
31