climate-change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.

1. LAND – WATER – FOOD ROLES ON
CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION

2. 1.INTRODUCTION:
 Mitigating climate change is about reducing the
release of greenhouse gas emissions that are
warming our planet.
 Mitigation strategies include retrofitting buildings to
make them more energy efficient; adopting
renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and
small hydro; helping cities develop more
sustainable transport such as bus rapid transit,
electric vehicles, and bio fuels; and promoting more
sustainable uses of land and forests.

3. ROLES OF FOOD ON CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
 Food needs to be grown and processed,
transported, distributed, prepared, consumed, and
sometimes disposed of.
 Each of these steps creates greenhouse gases that
trap the sun's heat and contribute to climate
change. About a third of all human-caused
greenhouse gas emissions is linked to food.
 Food is responsible for one-quarter of the world's
emissions Food systems are responsible for around
one-quarter (26%) of global greenhouse gas
emissions. This includes emissions from land use
change, on-farm production, processing, transport,
packaging, and retail.

4. ROLES OF FOOD ON CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION
 Here are different ways that the food system can
mitigate the impacts of climate change:
 Increase sustainable and regenerative agriculture
 Reduce loss of natural landscapes and increase
biodiversity
 Support local food production
 Promote a dietary shift and increase protein
diversification
 Implement sustainable food packaging solutions.

5. ROLES OF WATER ON CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION
 Water and climate change are inextricably linked.
Extreme weather events are making water more
scarce , more unpredictable, more polluted or all
three. These impacts throughout the water cycle
threaten sustainable development, biodiversity, and
people's access to water and sanitation.
 The ocean influences weather and climate by
storing solar radiation, distributing heat and
moisture around the globe, and driving weather
systems.

6. ROLES OF WATER ON CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION
 The different roles of water on climate change mitigation are explained below.
 Healthy aquatic ecosystems and improved water management can lower
greenhouse gas emissions and provide protection against climate hazards.
 Wetlands such as mangroves, sea grasses, marshes and swamps are highly
effective carbon sinks that absorb and store CO2, helping to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions .
 Wetlands also serve as a buffer against extreme weather events . They
provide a natural shield against storm surges and absorb excess water and
precipitation. Through the plants and microorganisms that they house,
wetlands also provide water storage and purification.
 Early warning systems for floods, droughts and other water-related hazards
provide a more than tenfold return on investment and can significantly reduce
disaster risk: a 24-hour warning of a coming storm can cut the ensuing
damage by 30 per cent.
 Water supply and sanitation systems that can withstand climate change could
save the lives of more than 360,000 infants every year.
 Climate-smart agriculture using drip irrigation and other means of using water
more efficiently can help reduce demand on freshwater supplies.

7. ROLES OF LAND ON CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION
 Land “plays a key role in the climate system” as an essential
carbon sink because its surfaces, such as forests, regulate the
planet's temperature and help to store carbon
 Land ecosystems currently play a key role in mitigating
climate change. The more carbon dioxide (CO2) plants and
trees absorb during photosynthesis, the process they use to
make food, the less CO2 remains trapped in the atmosphere
 Globally, soils store two to three times more carbon than the
atmosphere. They play a central role in climate change
mitigation as both a carbon sink and a source of greenhouse
gas emissions. Historically, carbon stocks have decreased
significantly.
 Human interaction with the land biosphere has contributed to
climate change. The land biosphere can play an important role
in climate mitigation, through measures such as the
management of forests and other carbon sinks, management
of agricultural practices, and shifts from fossil-fuel energy to
renewable forms of bio energy.

8. ROLES OF LAND ON CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION
 Here are the different ways that roles of land on
climate change mitigation.
 Natural revegetation should be carried on,
 A forestation programme should be conducted on
barrern and unfertile land
 lignocellulosic crops for high production of
bioenergy,
 possibly coupled with a developing technology like
carbon capture and storage.