Presentation on smart materials 1st year BE

1. Acharya Institute of Technology, Bangalore
ELEMENTS OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
18EME25
Bhargavi R - 1AY20AI011
Sarah Mustafa - 1AY20AI033
Shreya S - 1AY20AI040
Shreya Hegde - 1AY20AI041
Presented By: Presented to:
Sir Pranesh K G
SECTION - G
TOPIC: SMART MATERIALS

2.  Smart Materials : Introduction
 Classification of Smart Materials
 Different Types of Smart
Materials
 Their Applications
 Merits and Demerits
 Conclusion
OUTLINE

3. SMARTMATERIALS…….!!!!
Smart or intelligent materials are
materials that have to respond to stimuli
and environmental changes and to
activate their functions according to
these changes.

4.  Stress
 Temperature
 Moisture
 pH
 Electric Fields
 Magnetic Fields
The several external stimulus to which the
SMART Materials are sensitive are:

5. PROPERTIES OF SMART MATERIALS
 Sensing materials and devices
 Actuation materials and devices
 Control devices and techniques
 Self-detection, self-diagnostic
 Self-corrective, self-controlled, self-
healing
 Shock-absorbers, damage arrest

6. CLASSIFICATION OF SMART MATERIALS
 Piezoelectric
 Electrostrictive
 Magnetostrictive
 Thermoelectric
 Shape Memory Alloys
 Chromogenic

7. PIEZO-ELECTRIC MATERIALS
When subjected to an electric charge or a variation in
voltage, piezoelectric material will undergo some
mechanical change, and vice versa. These events are
called the direct and converse effects.
Application of piezoelectric material on railway
platform, temples, runways, and roads to generate
electricity

8. ELECTROSTRICTIVE MATERIALS
This material has the same properties as piezoelectric
material, but the mechanical change is proportional to
the square of the electric field. This characteristic will
always produce displacements in the same direction.
(Example: Lead magnesium niobate (PMN))

9. Working Principle
Upon subjection to an
electric field the positively
and negatively charged ions
separate, thereby changing
the dimensions of the cell
and resulting in an
expansion

10. Magnetostrictive Materials
When subjected to a magnetic field, and vice versa,
this material will undergo an induced mechanical
strain. Consequently, it can be used as sensors and/or
actuators. (Example: Terfenol-D.)

11. Magnetostrictive material
(inside) magnetizing coil
and magnetic enclosure
completing the magnetic
circuit (outside)
Magnetostrictive
Material

12. THERMOELECTRIC MATERIALS
These materials, when subjected to any temperature
difference, produces proportional voltage output. The
reverse effect is also true. Thermoelectric Generators
are widely used.

13.  Harvesting automobiles produce waste heat
energy
 Industrial processes waste heat reused to generate
electricity
Uses of Thermoelectric Generators

14. SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS
Shape Memory Alloys are metal alloys which can
undergo solid-to-solid phase transformation and can
recover completely when heated to a specific
temperature.
Major Applications:
Aircraft
Orthopedic Surgery
Dental Braces
Robotics.

15. CHROMOGENIC MATERIALS
Chromogenic materials change their colour in
accordance to electrical thermal or radiative stimuli.
These are further classified
as :
 Thermochromic Materials
 Photochromic Materials
 Electrochromic Materials

16. THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Materials which changes colour with
changes in temperature.
General materials used
are:
 V2O5
 1,2,3-triazole
 Octadecylphosphonic
acid
General
applications:
 Inks
 Dyes
 Papers
 Plastics.

17. PHOTOCHROMIC MATERIALS
Photochromic materials change colour in response to the
intensity of light. Transmittance to light varies with the
intensity of the incident light.
 Azobenzene
 Diarylethene
 Spiropyran
 Silver Chloride
General Materials used
are:

18. Colour of glass changes when it is exposed to
sunlight
Major Applications:
 Lenses
 Supramolecular chemistry
 Dyes
 Cosmetics
 Paints

19. ELECTROCHROMIC MATERIALS
These materials change their optical behavior with
application of electrical voltage. Their behavior is
basically characterized by the amount of light they allow
to pass through them.
Transparent and looks
like ordinary glass
Application of small voltage turns it
opaque (blueish and dark)

20. General materials used are:
 Tungsten trioxide (WO3)
 Nickel Oxide(NiO)
 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
 Polyaniline
 Polythiophene
Major applications:
 Smart Glass
 Light-transmissive devices for optical
information and storage
 Rear-view mirrors
 Protective eyewear

21.  Smart Fabric
 Smart Aircraft
 Sporting Goods
 Smart Dust
 Reducing vibration of helicopter
blades
 Robotics
 Medical Surgeries
 Security
 And many others…………………
APPLICATIONS

22.  Bio-compatibility
 Simplicity
 Compactness
 Safety mechanism
 Good mechanical
properties
 More expensive
 Low energy
efficiency
 Complex control
 Limited bandwidth
MERITS DEMERITS

23.  Today, the most promising technologies for lifetime
efficiency and improved reliability include the use of
smart materials and structures. Understanding and
controlling the composition and microstructure of any
new materials are the ultimate objectives of research in
this field, and is crucial to the production of good smart
materials.
 New and advanced materials will definitely enhance our
quality of our life.
CONCLUSION