Physiology of the nose
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The nose has several important physiological functions: 1. It is the primary pathway for breathing through which air passes in a lamellar flow and sinuses are ventilated on expiration. A nasal cycle regulates air flow through congestion and decongestion. 2. The nose conditions air by filtering out particles, controlling temperature and humidity to near body levels, and evaporating a liter of water per day from its epithelium. 3. It protects the lower airways through a mucociliary clearance mechanism of mucus and cilia that traps and removes particles, and enzymes and immunoglobulins in secretions that provide immunity. Sneezing also expels foreign particles. 4. The nasal
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Physiology of the nose
1) The nose functions to warm, humidify, and filter air during respiration. It adds moisture to inspired air and removes moisture from expired air.
2) The nose contains glands that secrete mucus and water to humidify air as it passes through. Cilia in the nose propel the mucus backwards to trap particles and pathogens and remove them from the nasal cavity.
3) Airflow through the nose is turbulent which helps trap particles inhaled through the nose. Various proteins, immunoglobulins, and cells in nasal secretions also help protect the lower airways from infection.
Physiology of nose and pns
The nose has several important functions: respiration, protection of the lower respiratory tract, vocal resonance, olfaction, drainage of secretions, and maintaining eustachian tube function. It filters and conditions air through mechanisms like mucociliary clearance and the nasal cycle. Secretions produced in the nose help fight infections and allergens with lysozymes, immunoglobulins, and interferons. The olfactory epithelium allows for smell detection which is important for functions like regulating food intake and detecting toxins.
Physiology of nose
The document discusses the physiology of the nose. It describes the linings of the internal nose, including the respiratory mucosa and olfactory epithelium. It explains the muco-ciliary mechanism whereby cilia beat to move mucus and trapped particles out of the nose. It details several functions of the nose, including air conditioning inspired air by warming, humidifying, and filtering it, and protecting the lower airways. It also describes the olfactory pathway and sense of smell. In summary, the document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the nose, with a focus on respiration, air conditioning, filtration, and olfaction.
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Inner ear anatomy
The inner ear contains the cochlea, which houses the organ of Corti. The organ of Corti contains inner and outer hair cells that transduce sound waves into electrochemical signals. Inner hair cells primarily transmit signals to the brain, while outer hair cells are innervated by efferent fibers that allow the brain to modulate cochlear activity. The complex structure and cell types of the cochlea enable the intricate process of hearing.
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Physiology of Nose.pptx
The nose performs several important physiological functions:
- Respiration - Air flows through the nasal passages in laminar flow to warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air.
- Olfaction - Odor molecules bind to receptors in the nasal epithelium and trigger action potentials that transmit smell information to the brain.
- Protection - The nose protects the lungs by trapping and removing inhaled particles and pathogens using mucus, cilia, and immune cells.
- Vocal resonance, reflex functions like sneezing, and drainage of the paranasal sinuses and lacrimal system are other key nasal roles. Understanding normal nasal physiology is crucial for identifying and treating pathological nasal conditions.
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Physiology of the nose
1) The nose functions to warm, humidify, and filter air during respiration. It adds moisture to inspired air and removes moisture from expired air.
2) The nose contains glands that secrete mucus and water to humidify air as it passes through. Cilia in the nose propel the mucus backwards to trap particles and pathogens and remove them from the nasal cavity.
3) Airflow through the nose is turbulent which helps trap particles inhaled through the nose. Various proteins, immunoglobulins, and cells in nasal secretions also help protect the lower airways from infection.
Physiology of nose and pns
The nose has several important functions: respiration, protection of the lower respiratory tract, vocal resonance, olfaction, drainage of secretions, and maintaining eustachian tube function. It filters and conditions air through mechanisms like mucociliary clearance and the nasal cycle. Secretions produced in the nose help fight infections and allergens with lysozymes, immunoglobulins, and interferons. The olfactory epithelium allows for smell detection which is important for functions like regulating food intake and detecting toxins.
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The inner ear contains the cochlea, which houses the organ of Corti. The organ of Corti contains inner and outer hair cells that transduce sound waves into electrochemical signals. Inner hair cells primarily transmit signals to the brain, while outer hair cells are innervated by efferent fibers that allow the brain to modulate cochlear activity. The complex structure and cell types of the cochlea enable the intricate process of hearing.
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1. Breathing - The nose is the natural pathway for breathing and allows breathing and eating simultaneously. It conditions air through warming, humidifying, and filtering before passing to the lungs.
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3) It aids in speech production and vocal resonance by allowing sound to pass through the nasal cavities.
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Similar to Physiology of the nose
Physiology of Nose
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Anatomy and Physiology of nose & PNS.ppt
What structures drain in which meatus?
1. Inferior meatus: Nasolacrimal duct
2. Middle meatus: Frontal , anterior ethmoid , maxillary
3. Superior meatus : Posterior ethmoid
4. Spheno - ethmoidal recess: Sphenoid
Q: What is Ostiomeatal complex and what does it contain?
It is a complex micro-architectural pathway in ethmoid labyrinth that drains anterior group of paranasal sinuses
Consists of
Frontal recess , ethmoid infundibulum, hiatus semilunaris, uncinate process, bulla ethmoidalis, middle meatus
O.M.C. pathology leads to infection of all anterior paranasal sinuses (Naumann)
Q: What are the variants of OMC?
Concha bullosa (pneumatized middle turbinate)
Paradoxically curved middle turbinate
Medially turned (bent) uncinate process
Large bulla ethmoidalis
Agger nasi cell (anterior to middle turbinate)
Haller’s cell (orbital floor)
Mucosal pathology
Q: What are the functions of nose?
Respiration
Heat exchange
Humidification
Filtration
Nasal resistance
Nasal fluids & cilliary function
Nasal neurovascular reflexes
Voice modification
Olfaction
Anatomy and physiology of nose and paranasal sinuses
Slides prepared by highly experienced ENT teacher, Dr. Krishna Koirala, for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate MBBS students in the field of otorhinolaryngology. A clear and concise explanation of the basic concepts in the subject matter concerned.
Anatomy and physiology of nose and PNS
This document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It describes the external and internal structures of the nose, including bones, cartilages, walls and openings. It also details the paranasal sinuses, blood supply, drainage and innervation. Special emphasis is given to the functions of the nose in respiration, air conditioning, protection and olfaction. Assessment of olfactory function is discussed.
Physiology of nose & PNS
Functions of Nose
Respiration
Heat exchange
Humidification
Filtration
Nasal resistance
Nasal fluids & cilliary function
Nasal neurovascular reflexes
Voice modification
Olfaction
Respiration
Inspiration
Air current passes along mid-portion of nasal cavity in lamellar flow
Expiration
Resistance of nasal valve & turbinates leads to formation of eddy current in expired air
Results in awareness of breathing and ventilation of paranasal sinus
Air Conditioning
Filtration : Particles > 5 μm in inspired air are trapped by nasal vibrissae
Temperature control
Heat exchange between blood in cavernous venous sinusoids of turbinates and inspired air (radiation)
Humidification
Secretions of nasal & PNS mucosa; for better ciliary function
Muco-ciliary blanket : traps pathogens in inspired air > 0.5 μm & transports them to nasopharynx for swallowing
Sneezing : protects against irritants
Lysozyme : kills bacteria & viruses
Immunoglobulins A & E : protection against bacteria
Interferon : for protection against virus
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The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx and their importance for anesthesia. It describes how these structures warm, humidify and filter inspired air. It also discusses topics like obstructive sleep apnea, airway obstruction, laryngeal spasm and the risks associated with certain procedures. In summary, the nose, nasal cavity and pharynx play a crucial role in respiration by conditioning inhaled air before it reaches the lungs. An understanding of their anatomy is important for safe anesthesia administration and airway management.
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This document discusses the physiology and functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It covers the following key points:
- The nose acts as the primary airway for breathing and helps warm, humidify, and filter inspired air. It also plays roles in vocal resonance, drainage, and olfaction.
- The paranasal sinuses provide air conditioning functions, help reduce skull weight, and drain secretions through ostia into the nasal cavities and pharynx.
- Cilia and mucus in the nose help clear foreign particles via the mucociliary escalator. Various reflexes also help protect the nasal and lung functions.
physiology of nose & pns.pptx
The document summarizes several key functions and anatomical structures of the nose. It discusses the nose's roles in respiration such as warming, humidifying and filtering inhaled air. It also describes the nose's role in olfaction through specialized sensory neurons that detect smells. The document outlines the main parts of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, including how the nasal cycle, turbinates and nasal resistance impact airflow and breathing. It provides details on measuring nasal patency and the nose's immune defenses against inhaled particles and pathogens.
Nasal cycle
The nasal cycle is the rhythmic congestion and decongestion of blood vessels in the nasal cavities over a period of 2 to 4 hours, regulated by the autonomic nervous system. This causes alternating airflow between the nostrils, with one nostril more congested than the other at a time. This cycle helps to ensure one side of the nose is always moist to facilitate humidification and warming of inhaled air, while the alternating low and high airflow sides aid in detecting a greater range of smells. Factors like head position, temperature, and medical conditions can modify the nasal cycle.
Respiratory system
The document provides information on the structure and function of the respiratory system. It discusses:
1. The respiratory system includes the lungs, which perform gas exchange, and the circulatory system, which transports gases.
2. The respiratory tract includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs.
3. Respiration is regulated by respiratory centers in the brain and involves inspiration, where air enters the lungs, and expiration, where air leaves the lungs.
8. Respiration and Circulation.pdf
All Notes related to the chapter- Respiration and Circulation
Human Respiratory system.
Gases Exachange
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & SIGNS SYMPTOMS CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF NOSE AND PARA-NA...
The document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and symptomatology of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It also covers congenital disorders including:
- Dermoid cysts, which are ectodermal cysts containing epithelial lining and dermal structure.
- Choanal atresia, which is the absence of communication between the posterior nasal cavity and nasopharynx. It can be unilateral or bilateral, and is diagnosed using nasal endoscopy or CT scan. Surgical management aims to repair the atresia through puncture and stenting.
- Other disorders mentioned include meningocele, glioma, and nasal dermoid cysts presenting as a midline nasal depression with tuft of h
Maxillary sinus for dental students year 1
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Human respiration
Human respiration involves two main processes: [1] External respiration which is the exchange of gases between the lungs and blood, and [2] Internal respiration which is the exchange of gases between blood and tissues at the cellular level. The ultimate goal of respiration is to release energy through cellular respiration in which oxygen is used to oxidize nutrients to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP as energy is stored.
Nose.pptx
This is a genuine presentation about Nose physiology and anatomy.
This is a perfect presentation for the speech and language pathologist and also audiologist.
Here after reading this slides you will become expert in your field.
Every question in your mind will be clear.
Thanks for visiting here .
Keep learning with us .
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The document summarizes the human respiratory system. It describes the upper and lower respiratory tract. The lower tract consists of the conducting zone and respiratory zone. It then describes the structures involved in respiration like lungs, pleura, diaphragm, nasal cavities etc. It also explains different types of respiration seen across species and the mechanisms of external and internal respiration in humans.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM_-161584142.pptx
Respiration occurs in two phases - inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, air enters the lungs via the respiratory tract which includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Expiration is the passive process where air leaves the lungs. Respiratory muscles like the diaphragm and intercostal muscles facilitate these processes. Gases are exchanged between the alveoli and blood in the lungs via diffusion. Carbon dioxide levels increase and oxygen levels decrease in tissues, triggering respiration.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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Physiology of the nose
- 1. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NOSE S.Shravan
- 2. Functions of the Nose 1. Respiration 2. Air conditioning 3. Protection of the lower air way 4. Vocal resonance 5. Nasal reflex function 6. Olfaction
- 3. 1.Respiration ⦿ Natural pathway of breathing ⦿ Air current passes along mid portion of nasal cavity in lamellar flow ⦿ During expiration sinuses ventilated by eddies current produced at the region of the limen nasi. ⦿ Nasal cycle – nasal mucosa undergoes rhythmic cyclical congestion and decongestion, thus controlling the air flow through nasal chambers
- 4. 2.Air conditioning ❑ Filtration and purification – o > 0.5 µm particle can be trapped ❑ Temperature control – ⦿ temp comes to near body level in 1/4th second ⦿ hot air is cooled to body temp & cool air is warmed to body temp. ⦿ this is mediated by size of turbinates and blood spaces ❑ Humidity – ⦿ made more then 75%.About 1.lit of air is evaporated in a day from nasal surface epithelium. ⦿ air is dry in winter and saturated with moistuy in summer months. ⦿ in nasal obstruction gaseous exchange is affected in lungs leading to rise pCO2, causing apnoeic spell during sleep.it also decrease pO2
- 5. 3.Protection of lower airways ❑ Mucociliary mechanism ⦿ Mucosa rich in goblet cell, mucous and serous gland ⦿ Mucous moves 5 – 10mm/ mt ⦿ Complete mucous clear in every 10- 20 mt ⦿ 600- 700 ml nasal secretion/24hr ⦿ Cilia beat 10- 20 times/day ❑ Enzyme and immunoglobulins ⦿ Lysozyme, IgA, IgE, Interferon are present in nasal secretions & provide immunity against infections ❑ Sneezing- ⦿ it is protective reflex. foreign particles which irritate nasal mucosa are expelled by sneezing
- 6. 4.Vocal resonance ❑ Nasal cavity act as a resonating chamber for certain consonants, like M/N/NG ❑ when nose is blocked speech becomes denasal ❑ that is M/N/NG are uttered as B/D/G respectively
- 7. 5.Nasal reflexes ❑ Smell of good food causes Saliva and Gastric secretion ❑ Sneezing -irritation of nasal mucosa ❑ nosal function closely related to- ⦿Nasobronchial reflex ⦿Nasopulmonary reflex • pulmonary hypertention or Cor pulmonale can be developed in children due to chronic nasal obstruction
- 8. thank you