all detail and simple way to know about adrenal hormone. classification moa

1. ADRENAL HORMONES
SUBMITTED BY :- SHOUVIK KUMAR NANDY

2. Adrenal Hormones
The adrenal gland consists of the cortex and the medulla
Each of which about 4 grams
Adrenal Medulla
Responds to SNS stimulation
Secretes catecholamine's –
epinephrine is the main layer from
this gland
Related to the SNS & it secretes EP &
NE The central of 20% glands
Adrenal Cortex
Produce three kinds of steroids
Glucocorticoids, mineralocortcoids,
androgens

4. The adrenal cortex is divided into three zones that synthesize various
steroids from cholestrol and then secrete them
The outer zona glomerulosa produces mineralcorticoids which are
responsible for regulating salt and water metabolism (aldosterone)
The middle zona fasciculata synthesizes glucocorticoids which are
involved with normal metabolism and resistance to stress (cortisol)
The inner zona reticularis secretes adrenal androgens
(dehydroepiandrosterone)
Secretion is controlled by pituitary ACTH which is released in response to
the hypothalamic CRH
Glucocorticoids serve as feedback inhibitors of ACTH and CRH secretion

5. Adrenocorticosteroids
The adrenocorticoids bind to specific intracellular
cytoplasmic receptors in target tissues
The glucocorticoid receptor is widely distributed
throughout the body
The minerlocorticoid receptor is found mainly in excretory
organs , such as the kidney , and salivary and sweat glands
Both minerlocorticoid and glucorticoid receptors are
found in the brain

7. GLUCOCORTICOIDS
Cortisol is a steroid hormone (glucocorticoid)which is released under stress & low
steroid levels It’s main function is to increase blood glucose levels by promoting
gluconeogenesis Cortisol also suppresses the immune system & increases fat,
protein & carbohydrate metabolism
You may recognise cortisol’s pharmaceutical name which is Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone is used to reduce inflammation leveraging Cortisol’s
immunosuppresive effect
Affect the blood glucose concentration protein and fat metabolism CORTISOL
Major effects on the metabolism
of all organs of the body
Corticosteroids are examples of
this substance given by health care
providers to decrease
inflammation, and suppress
allergic reactions

8. Mineralocorticoids-Aldosterone
• Aldosterone is also a steroid hormone (mineralocorticoid) It’s main
function is to increase blood volume It causes reabsorption of sodium and
water as well as causing excretion of potassium .
• Drugs that interfere with the secretion or action of Aldosterone are in
used as antihypertensives An example is Spironolactone which blocks
Aldosterone receptors
• Affect the electrolytes minerals of the extracellular fluids sodium &
potassium
• Aldesterone

9. • Corticosteroids
- Betamethasone
- Cortisone
- Dexamethasone
- Fludrocartisone
- Hydrocartisone
- Methylprednisolone
- Prednisolone
- Prednisone
- Trimcinolone

10. Therapeutic Uses Of The Adrenal Corticosteroids
- The several semisynthetic derivatives of glucocorticoids vary in their anti-
inflammatory potency , in the degree to which they cause sodium
retention , and their duration of action
1. Replacement therapy for primary adrenocortical insufficiency ( Addison
Disease)
2. RT for secondary or tertiary adrenocortical insufficiency
3. Diagnosis of Cushing syndrome
4. RT for congenital adrenal hyperplasia
5. Relief of inflammatory symptoms
6. Treatment of allergies
7. Acceleration of lung maturation

11. Addison disease
Addison disease is caused by adrenal cortex dysfunction (as
diagnosed by the lack of response to ACTH
administration).Hydrocortisone which is identical to natural
cortisol, is given to correct the deficiency. Failure to do so
results in death. The dosage of hydrocortisone is divided so
that two – thirds of the daily dose is given in the afternoon.

12. Addison’s complaints
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Irritability
depression

13. PHARMACOKINETICS
1. Absorption and fate : Orally administered
corticosteroid preparations are readily
absorbed. Selected compounds can also
be administered intravenously ,
intramuscularly, intra-articularly(for
example , into arthritic joints),topically, or
via inhalation or intranasal delivery
2. Dosage : Many factors should be
considered in determining the dosage of
corticosteroids , including glucocorticoid
versus minerlocorticoid activity, duration
of action, type of preparation, time of
day when the drug is administered.

14. ADVERSE EFFECTS

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