2. Universal Immunization
Programme
• vaccination program launched by the
Government of India in1985.
• became a part of Child Survival and Safe
motherhood Programme in 1992 and is currently
one of the
key areas under National Rural Health
Mission(NRHM) since 2005.
4. KEY ROLES
ROUTINE IMMUNISATION
CAMPAIGNS(POLIO,MEASLES & JAPANESE
ENCAPHALITIS)
MONITORING ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING
IMMUNISATION
VACCINE AND COLD STORAGE LOGISTICS
STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION
IMMUNISATION TRAININGS
5. EVOLUTION OF THE
PROGRAMME
1974-Expanded Programme of Immunisation(EPI)
1985: Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).
For reduction of mortality and morbidity due to 6 VPD’s.
Indigenous vaccine production capacity enhanced
Cold chain established
Phased implementation - all districts covered by 1989-90.
Monitoring and evaluation system implemented
1986: Technology Mission On Immunization
Monitoring under PMO’s 20 point programme
Coverage in infants (0 – 12 months) monitored
1992: Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM)
Included both UIP and Safe motherhood program
1997: Reproductive Child Health (RCH 1)
2005: National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
6. Vaccines under UIP
Under UIP, following vaccines are provided:
1. BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin)
2. DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus Toxoid)
3. OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine)
4. Measles
5. Hepatitis B
6. TT (Tetanus Toxoid)
7. JE vaccination (in selected high disease burden
districts)
8. Hib containing Pentavalent vaccine
(DPT+HepB+Hib) (In selected States)
7. VPD SURVEILLANCE
Create evidence base to enable planning &
development of eefective interventions
Integrated disease surveillance projects-for
dectection of early warning signals of
outbreaks(for control, elimination & eradication)
National polio surveillance project
WHO/NPSP provides technical and training
support for AFP & measles surveillance
8. State Programme Implementation
Plan (PIP)
Support for alternate vaccine delivery from PHC to sub-centre and
outreach sessions;
Deploying retired manpower to carry out immunization activities in
urban slums and underserved areas, where services are deficient;
Mobility support to district immunization officer as per state plan for
monitoring and supportive supervision;
Review meeting at the state level at 6 monthly intervals;
Training of ANM, cold chain handlers, mid-level managers, refrigerator
mechanics etc.;
Support for mobilization of children to immunization session sites by
ASHA, women self-help groups
Printing of immunization cards, monitoring sheet, cold chain chart
vaccine inventory charts etc.
9. VARIOUS CAMPAIGNS
PULSE POLIO
IMMUNIZATION
PROGRAMME
INTRODUCTION OF
HEPATITIS-B
VACCINE
INTRODUCTION OF
JAPANESE
ENCEPHALITIS
VACCINE
INTRODUCTION OF
MEASLES VACCINE
SECOND
OPPORTUNITY
INTRODUCTION OF
PENTAVALENT
VACCINE
(DPT + Hep-B + Hib)
MISSION
INDRADHANUSH
10. Do’s Dont’s Vaccination
Schedule
It is safe and effective to
give BCG, DPT, OPV and Measles
vaccines at the same time to a
child who has completed 9
months and never been
vaccinated.
Withhold the vaccine in
case of illness such as cold,
cough, diarrhoea or fever.
Give BCG to infants less
than 1 yr of age (never give BCG to
children above 1 year of age).
If a child is brought late for
a dose, pick up where the schedule
was left off. For example, if a child
left with DPT- 2 and comes after 3
months give DPT-3.
DO’S DON’T’S
11. Cold Chain
Check expiry date and
VVM label of vaccine vial before
immunizing every child.
leave vaccine carrier in sunlight;
this spoils vaccines that are
sensitive to heat and light.
Keep the vaccines and diluents in a
plastic bag/zipper bag in the centre
of vaccine carrier with 4 conditioned
ice-packs.
û
Leave the lid open; this can allow
heat and light into the carrier, which
can spoil vaccines.
Make sure that the diluents are also
at +2 to +8 centigrade before
reconstitution.
Drop or sit on the vaccine carrier:
this can damage the carrier.
Take one ice pack from vaccine
carrier and keep reconstituted BCG
& Measles vaccines only on the top
of the ice pack.
Carry vaccines in handbag as this
can spoil vaccines that are sensitive
to heat.
DO’S DON’T’S
12. Wash hands before
conducting the session
Use un-sterile syringe or
needle for immunization
Verify beneficiary’s record and
age of the child.
.. Draw air into AD syringes
Screen for contra-indications. Touch any part of the needle.
Check label of the vial and
expiry date.
Recap the needle
Lightly shake the vial of T-
Series Vaccine before drawing
the dose.
.Leave the needle inside the
vial
Use a new AD syringe for
each injection and new
disposable syringe for each
reconstitution.
. Use reconstituted
measles and BCG vaccine
after 4hrs and JE after 2 hrs
Use correct diluent for
reconstitution of vaccine.
Use vaccine with VVM in
unusable stage or with expiry
date
Give appropriate vaccine.
Inject vaccine using the
correct site and route for the
14. COMPONENTS OF NIS
I. Strategy and policy:
achieving an acceptable, affordable and sustainable standard of health
targets of improving access and utilization of immunization in the country
policy addresses issues of vaccine security, management, regulation guidelines,
vaccine research and development and product development.
II. Cold Chain System, Vaccines and Logistics:
system of storing and transporting vaccine at the recommended temperature
range from the point of manufacture to point of use.
vaccines are supplied by manufacturers directly to four Government Medical
Store Depots (at Karnal, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata) and state and regional
vaccine stores.
vaccines are further supplied to last cold chain points which are usually situated
in Primary Health Centers (PHCs) and Community Health Centers.
daily upkeep of Ice Lined Refrigerators (ILRs) and Deep Freezers (DFs) including
temperature charting.
Supplies are made to states on a quarterly basis on receipt of indent. State
Vaccine Stores can store vaccines for three months and so can district vaccine
stores.
15. III. Injection safety and waste disposal:
to ensure continuous supply of injection safety
equipments
Trainings are conducted and supported by job-aids, on
job training
Disposal of immunization waste is strictly as per Central
Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines for biomedical
waste disposal
segregation of waste at source (at the session site),
transportation to the PHC or CHC, treatment of sharps and
potentially biohazardous plastic waste, disposal of sharps
in sharp pits and treated plastic waste through proper
recycling
16. IV. Strategic communication:
policy-making and guidance for consistent
information activity through coherent messaging
issue of media advocacy, proactive planning and
effective media response is emerging as one of
the key elements
17. The diseases being targeted are diphtheria,
whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis,
tuberculosis, measles and Hepatitis B. In addition
to these, vaccines for Japanese Encephalitis[2]
and Haemophilus influenzae type B are also
being provided in selected states.
18. Schemes:
a) Routine Immunization:
Objectives:
The stated objectives of UIP are:
To rapidly increase immunization coverage.
To improve the quality of services.
To establish a reliable cold chain system to the
health facility level.
Monitoring of performance.
To achieve self sufficiency in vaccine production.
19. Scope and eligibility:
India has one of the largest Universal Immunization
Programs (UIP) in the world in terms of the quantities of
vaccines used, number of beneficiaries covered,
geographical spread and human resources involved.
Under the UIP, all vaccines are given free of cost to the
beneficiaries as per the National Immunization Schedule.
o All beneficiaries’ namely pregnant women and children
can get themselves vaccinated at the nearest
Government/Private health facility or at an immunization
post (Anganwadi centres/ other identified sites) near to
their village/urban locality on fixed days.
o The UIP covers all sections of the society across the
country with the same high quality vaccines.
20. Achievements:
The biggest achievement of the immunization
program is the eradication of small pox.
One more significant milestone is that India is
free of Poliomyelitis caused by Wild Polio Virus
(WPV) for more than 33 months.
Besides, vaccination has contributed significantly
to the decline in the cases and deaths due to the
Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPDs).
