nudge theory

1. NUDGE THEORY

2. WHAT IS NUDGE THEORY ?
NUDGE THOERY IS A CONCEPT IN BEHAVIOURAL SCIENCE ,POLITICAL THEORY AND ECONOMICS
,WHICH ARGUES THAT POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT AND INDIRECT SUGGESTIONS CAN INFLUENCE
MOTIVES ,INCENTIVES AND DECISION MAKING OF GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS.
Nudge theory is a flexible and modern concept for :
• 1] Understanding of how people ,make decisions and behave
• 2]Helping people improve their thinking and decisions
• 3]Managing change of all sorts ,and
• 4]Identifying and modifying existing unhelpful influences on people .
• Nudge theory was purposed originally in US ‘behavioral economics but it can be adapted
and applied much more widely for enabling and encouraging change in people ,groups ,or
yourself .

3. • Nudge theory is mainly concerned with ‘DESIGN OF CHOICES’ ,which influences the
decisions we make .Nudge theory puposes that the designing of choices should be
based on how people actually think and decide ,rather than how leaders and
authorities traditionally people think and decide .
• The use of Nudge theory is based on indirect encouragement and enablement. It
avoids direct instruction or enforcement .

4. TRADITIONAL ENFORCED V/S
NUDGE THEORY WORKS ?
• Here one example to show traditional enforced and nudge enforced works
technique
ENFORCED CHANGE NUDGE TECHNIQUES
1]DIRECT ,OBVIOUS 1] INDIRECT ,SUBTLE
2]LEGISLATION ,RULES ,LAWS 2] ENABLEMENT FACIILITATION
3]ENFORCEMENT POLICING 3]HELP ,ASSISTANCE
4]DEADLINES 4] OPEN ENDED
5]JUSTIFY ,ARGUE 5] REFRENCING SOCIAL NORMS
NUDGE THEORY IS BASED ON UNDERSTANDING AND ALLOWING FOR THE REALITY OF
SITUATIONS AND HUMAN TENDENCIES.

5. THE CHOICE ARCHITECT
• ‘CHOICE ARCHITECT IS TERMINOLOGY WHO LEADS OR MANAGES THE
APPLICATION OF NUDGE THEORY .
• THE TERM CHOICE ARCHITECT EMPHASIZES THAT CHANGE IS Enbled BY
DESIGNING CHOICES FOR PEOPLE ,WHICH INCOURAGE THEM TO MAKE DECISIONS
,IDEALLY TOWARDS POSITIVE HELPFUL OUTCOMES.
• CHOICE ARCHITECT POTENTIALLY INCLUDES ISSUES OF ETHICS AND INTEGRITY
AND EMPATHY AND TRUST AND OTHER CONCEPTS WHICH FORM OPINION AND
FEELING IN PEOPLE .

6. PRINCIPALS OF NUDGE THEORY
• 1] LEVERAGE DEFAULT RULES
• 2]MAKE IT EASY TO CHOOSE
• 3]EMPHASIZES SOCIAL NORMS
• 4]DISCLOSE OUTCOMES
• 5]REINFORCE REPEATADLY
• 6]MAKE MESSAGE MIMIC MENTAL ORDER

7. ROLE OF NUDGE THEORY IN PUBLIC
POLICIES
• PUBLIC POLICIES AFFECTS ALL ASPECTS OF OUR LIVES .THEY MAKE PEOPLE TO ACT
IN SOCIALLY DESIRABLE WAYS .SO THE SUCCESS OF PUBLIC POLICY CAN BE
JUDGED THOROUGH THAT HOW STRONGLY THEY INFLUENCE PEOPLE .
• NUDGE THEORY IS MIDDLE PATH BETWEEN LAISSEZ FAIRE [DOING NOTHING AND
LEAVING TO CHART THEIR OWN COURSE ] AND INCENTIVES
• SO NUDGE APPEARS MORE AFFECTIVE THAN THOSE TWO BECAUSE NUDGE
THOERY LEVERAGE HUMAN PYSCOLOGY TO INFLUENCE CHOICE ARCHITECTURE OF
PEOPLE.

8. EFFECTIVENESS AND INNOVATIVE
NUDGE THEORY GLOBAL PATTERN
• PENSION POLICY IN USA : IN USA THE USALLY WONT OPT FOR PENSION BECAUSE
BY DEFAULT IN THE COLUMN SECTION OF THEIR PROFESSION IS NO PENSION BUT
WHEN GOVERNMENT MADE PENSION POLICY AS DEFAULT THEN THE % OF
PENSION APPLICANTS INCREASED BECAUSE BY DEFAULT IT WAS IN FOR PENSION
• SIMILARY THE CASE OF TAX IN AUSTRALIA ,AGRICULTURE IN USA ,SAVING IN
PHILLIPHNES AND EDUCATION IN MADAGASCAR THOROUGH BEHAVIOURAL
NUDGE THEORY EFFECTIVE RESULTS CAME WHICH PROVED THE EFFECTIVENESS OF
NUDGE THEORY .

9. NUDGE THEORY IN INDIA
• NOW IN PUBLIC POLICIES THE NUDGE THEORY HAS BEEN IN PROCESS OF
ADAPTION AND SOME OF THEM RESULTED GOOD RESULTS :
• 1 SWACH BHARAT MISSION: FACTORS LIKE DATE ,SYMBOL , COMMUNITY BASED ,
PEOPLE EMTIONS HAD BEEN ADDRESSED .
• 2:BETI BACHAO BETI PADAO : DATE ,LOCATION AND USING MEDIA LIKE #SELFIE
WITH DAUGHTERS CAMPAIGN
3:NAMAMI GANGE : THE NAME ITSELF
AND MANY OTHERS LIKE POSHAN ,UJJWALA ,JAN DHAN ,AYUSMAN ARE BASED ON
NUDGE THEORY .

10. CONCLUSION
• PEOPLES MEMORY ARE SHORT LIVED AND THEY NEED TO BE REMINDED OF WHAT
SOCIALLY ACCEPTABLE BEHAVIOUR IS TO ADOPTED .
• SEEING IS BELIEVING AND TELLING PEOPLE THAT HOW EFFECTIVE ONES CHOICE
CAN BE IS SOMETHING THE CHOICE OF ARCHITECT WHICH MAKES PEOPLE AND
SOCIETY DEEPLY ROOTED AND PROGRESS IN SUSTAINABLE MANNER .