Pakistan is located in South Asia between 24.5-36.75 degrees north latitude and 61-75.5 degrees east longitude. It borders Afghanistan, Iran, China, and India. Pakistan has a varied climate due to its diverse geography. The country can be divided into four main climatic zones - the highland zone in the north which experiences cold winters and mild summers, the arid zone in the southeast which is very hot and dry, the lowland zone along the Indus River plain which is semi-arid to arid, and the coastal zone in the south along the Arabian Sea which has a maritime climate with high humidity. Rainfall in Pakistan varies significantly between these zones, with the

1. Preston University
North Nazimabad Campus

2. The Geographical Location,
Weather And Climate Of Islamic
Republic Of Pakistan.

3. Prepared By
Muhammad Sheharyar
Mirza Sanawwar Baig
BS in (Computer Science) Evening
1st Semester

4. GEOGRAPHY OF PAKISTAN
• The Islamic republic of Pakistan is situated between
24.50 and 36.75 latitude north and 61 to 75.5
longitudes east
• country located in the mountainous region adjoining
central Asia and the middle east
• 796,096 sq km, Pakistan is the world’s 36th largest
country

6. NEIGHBOURING COUNTRIES
• Afghanistan
• Iran
• China
• India
• up to about 6,774 km (4,334.1 mi) in length
land bordered and coastline is about 1046 km

7. NEIGHBOURING COUNTRY
AFGHANISTAN
• To the west of Pakistan
• has deep historical and geographical ties with
Pakistan
• linked together in religious, racial and cultural
bounds
• Bordered is 2250 Km long , fixed in 1893 by
British government ,called DURAND LINE.

8. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN
• To south west
• brotherly relations
• Both country cooperate in defense and
economic
• The boundary with Iran is 912 km (566.7 mi)
fix In 1957.

9. REPUBLIC OF CHINA
• To the north of Pakistan
• Friendly relations
• Silk road is constructed to strengthen the
relation
• Border is 510 km (316.9 mi). was decided 03-03-
1963
• To the west of china boundary meets with
Afghanistan's area at ‘wakhan’ which separates
Pakistan and the Muslim republic of Tajikistan.

10. INDIA
• To the east of pakistan
• The relations between the two are not cordial
• Injustice in partition creates tension about
states of jammu & kashmir
• Boundary is 2912 kilometers long and not
straight and natural.

11. ARABIAN SEA
• To The South Of Pakistan
• Coastline Is 1046 Km Long
• Links Pakistan With The Arab Countries And
International Politics.

12. CLIMATE AND WEATHER
• Climate: Weather is generalization of the day
to day weather conditions over a long period
of time usually thirty years.
• Weather: Weather refers to the atmospheric
conditions of any place for a short period of
time (temporary changes in the climate).

13. SEASONS OF PAKISTAN
• Pakistan has four seasons
• Winter (mid December to March)
• Early summer (April to June)
• Late summer (July to September)
• Post monsoon (October to Mid December).

14. RAINFALL
• The quantity of water, expressed in inches, precipitated as
rain, snow, hail, or sleet in a specified area and time
interval.
• Only in a few northern areas humid conditions are found.
The rainfall in Pakistan is highest in northern areas
decreases towards south.
Sources of rainfall in Pakistan:
• Monsoon winds
• The Western Depression
• Convectional Currents
• Relief rainfall
• Tropical cyclones.

15. MOONSOON WINDS:
• Monsoon winds are seasonal winds which blow
during summer and winter. The summer winds
are called South-west monsoons and the winter
winds are called North-east monsoons.
• South-west monsoon are giant sea breezes which
bring rainfall. the rains began when the ocean are
less heated and land is more heated. The air from
the land rises developing a low pressure and it
attracts the cool air causing heavy rainfall.
• North-east monsoons blow from the land
towards the sea.

16. WESTERN DEPRESSION
• Western Depression are the cyclones which
originate in Mediterranean Sea, they travel
across Afghanistan and Iran and then reach
the western part of Pakistan. The moisture in
the air is evaporated causing rainfall.

17. CONVECTIONAL CURRENTS
• Hot air rises during summer and when it
reaches the high layer of atmosphere,
condensation takes place causing rainfall.
Strong winds accompanying the storms may
pick up dust with them
• Only northern and north western areas of
Pakistan receive rainfall from Convectional
currents. Southern Pakistan despite being
more hot then the northern areas experience
less rainfall because of temperature inversion
layer.

18. RELIEF RAINFALL
• Relief rainfall is related to the height of land. It
occurs where moist unstable air moves up a
mountain edge and it is chilled, heavy
condensation takes place and rainfall occurs.

19. TROPICAL CYCLONES
• Tropical cyclones bring heavy rainfall for few
hours and can cause a lot of destruction. They
originate in Arabian Sea quite often but rarely
reach the coast of Pakistan. Therefore, this
source of rainfall is totally unreliable.

20. CLIMCATIC ZONE OF PAKISTAN
• Highland Zone:
• Region: Northern, north western and western
highlands.
• Areas: Chitral, Murree, Muzzafarabad, Drosh,
Quetta, Kalat, Parachinar, Waziristan
• Climate: the winters are long, cold and snowy
and summers remain short and mild
• Rainfall is normally associated with altitude.
Rainfall in Northern Mountain is highest in the
highland zone. Rainfall in the western mountain is
less
• The temperature conditions also vary from north
to west depending on the altitude.

21. ARID ZONE
• Regions: south-eastern desert, and south-western
Balochistan
• Areas: Kharran Desert south-western Balochistan,
south-eastern desert.
• Climate:
• It is markedly dry and hot. Hot dusty winds prevail
continuously from mid –May to mid-September, rainfall
takes place during winter season in south-western
Balochistan, in south eastern desert monsoons bring
little rainfall. Extreme heat, dust storms are the main
features of this arid climate.
• Winters are cool-mild because of low angle of sun,
summers are hot because of high angle of sun.
Summers are very hot during the day.

22. Lowland Zone – Semi arid to arid
• Region: Indus plain except the Coastal areas.
• Areas: Islamabad, Sialkot, Sarghoda, Multan,
Jacobabad, and Sukkur
• Climate:
• It has arid and extreme climate with hot
summers, cool winters and summer monsoon
rainfall.
• Thunderstorms are also common in north and
north-west of the Indus plain. The upper Indus
plain and Lower Indus plain there’s less rainfall
and spells of very high temperature.
• Winters are cool-mild because of low angle of sun
and continental effect and summers are hot due
to high angle of sun and continental effect.

23. COSTAL ZONE
• Region: Indus Delta, Karachi and Makran coast
• Areas: Karachi, Jiwani, Pasni, Ormara and Gwadar
• Climate:
• The climate is dominated by sea breezes throughout the
year; the maritime influence keeps the daily temperature
low. The temperature on land and sea is different; land and
water absorb the sun’s heat and water and also radiate it.
In summer the land heats up, while ocean remains cool. In
winter the land loses heat quickly and becomes cold while
ocean remains hot.
• The humidity level is usually high, more than 50% from
April to September. Means monthly temperature is 32۫C
and May, June and October are the hottest month.
• During October the climate is dominated by dry winds from
south-eastern desert. Rainfall is scanty; the rainfall is
experienced during monsoon season.

24. FACTOR EFFECTING TEMPRETURE OF
PAKISTAN
• Latitudinal effect:
• The areas that lie near the equator encounter more amounts of sun rays
than the areas that don’t lie near the equator. Southern Pakistan receives
more amounts of sun rays as compared to Northern Pakistan.
• Continental effect:
• The areas that are away from the sea are unaffected by maritime
influence, consequently; they are more hot as compared to areas near
sea. Winters are extreme and summer temperatures are quite severe
• Altitude and temperature
• Cloud cover and temperature
• In daytime cloud cover reduces the amount of heat by reflecting the heat
back to the space but in night time it traps the out going heat and because
of this the cloudy nights are warm.
• Latitude and angle of sun
• The sun rays don’t fall at the same angle everywhere.
• During summer, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and the
northern areas of Pakistan absorb more heat because of high angle of sun,
during winter the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and
the northern areas experience sun for shorter duration.

25. THE END
Thanking you All.