THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD is a list of seven notable structures present during classical antiquity. The first known list of seven wonders dates back to the 2nd–1st century BC.

1. Seven Wonders Of The
Ancient World
SHARON SHERANI DANIEL

2. MORE THAN 2,000 YEARS AGO, TRAVELERS
WOULD WRITE ABOUT INCREDIBLE
SIGHTS THEY HAD SEEN ON THEIR JOURNEYS.
OVER TIME, SEVEN
OF THOSE PLACES MADE HISTORY AS THE
"WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD."
SEVEN WONDERS OF THE
ANCIENT WORLD
Introduction

3. THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD IS A
LIST OF REMARKABLE CONSTRUCTIONS OF CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY.
OF THE ORIGINAL SEVEN WONDERS,
ONLY ONE—THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA, OLDEST OF THE
ANCIENT WONDERS, REMAINS RELATIVELY INTACT.
THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES, THE LIGHTHOUSE OF ALEXANDRIA,
THE MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS,
THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AND
THE STATUE OF ZEUS WERE ALL DESTROYED.
THE LOCATION AND ULTIMATE FATE OF THE HANGING
GARDENS ARE
UNKNOWN, AND THERE IS SPECULATION THAT THEY MAY NOT HAVE
EXISTED AT ALL.
The Marvels

4. THE MONUMENTAL TOMBS ARE RELICS OF EGYPT'S OLD
KINGDOM ERA AND WERE CONSTRUCTED SOME 4,500 YEARS
AGO.
PYRAMIDS ERECTED ON A ROCKY PLATEAU ON THE WEST BANK OF
THE NILE RIVER NEAR AL-JĪZAH (GIZA) IN NORTHERN EGYPT.
STANDING AT 146.5 METRES (481 FEET), THE GREAT PYRAMID WAS
THE TALLEST MAN-MADE STRUCTURE IN THE WORLD FOR MORE THAN
3,800 YEARS
THE PYRAMID WEIGHS AS MUCH AS 80 TONNES WITH STONES 6
MILLION TONNES, AND CONSISTS OF 2.3 MILLION BLOCKS OF
LIMESTONE AND GRANITE
THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA

5. THE PYRAMID WAS BUILT AS A TOMB FOR THE FOURTH
DYNASTY EGYPTIAN PHARAOH KHUFU - "CHEOPS" AND
WAS CONSTRUCTED OVER A 20-YEAR PERIOD
WHICH DEMANDED LABOUR OF 100,000 MEN.
TO THE SOUTH OF THE GREAT PYRAMID LIES THE GREAT
SPHINX. CARVED OUT OF LIMESTONE, THE SPHINX HAS
THE FACIAL FEATURES OF A MAN BUT THE BODY OF A
RECUMBENT LION; IT IS APPROXIMATELY 240 FEET (73
METRES) LONG AND 66 FEET (20 METRES) HIGH.

6. IT WAS SAID TO HAVE BEEN BUILT IN THE ANCIENT CITY OF BABYLON,
NEAR PRESENT-DAY HILLAH, BABIL PROVINCE, IN IRAQ.
THE NEO-BABYLONIAN KING NEBUCHADNEZZAR II WHO RULED
BETWEEN 605 AND 562 BC,BUILT IT FOR HIS MEDIAN WIFE QUEEN
AMYTIS,
NEBUCHADREZZAR’S BABYLON WAS THE LARGEST CITY IN THE
WORLD, COVERING ABOUT 4 SQUARE MILES (10 SQUARE KM). THE
EUPHRATES, WHICH HAS SINCE SHIFTED ITS COURSE, FLOWED
THROUGH IT
IT WAS DESCRIBED AN ASCENDING SERIES OF TIERED GARDENS
CONTAINING A WIDE VARIETY OF TREES, SHRUBS, AND VINES,
RESEMBLING A LARGE GREEN MOUNTAIN CONSTRUCTED OF MUD
BRICKS.
THE HANGING GARDENS OF BABYLON

7. IT IS UNCLEAR WHETHER THE HANGING GARDENS WERE AN
ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION OR A POETIC CREATION, OWING
TO THE LACK OF DOCUMENTATION. NO DEFINITIVE
ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE HAS BEEN FOUND IN
BABYLON.
IT IS POSSIBLE THAT EVIDENCE EXISTS BENEATH THE
EUPHRATES, WHICH CANNOT BE EXCAVATED SAFELY AT
PRESENT.

8. THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AT EPHESUS
IT WAS LOCATED IN EPHESUS NEAR THE MODERN TOWN
OF SELÇUK IN PRESENT-DAY TURKEY.
ALSO KNOWN AS THE TEMPLE OF DIANA, WAS A GREEK
TEMPLE DEDICATED TO AN ANCIENT GODDESS ARTEMIS
IT WAS COMPLETELY REBUILT TWICE, ONCE AFTER A DEVASTATING
FLOOD AND THREE HUNDRED YEARS LATER AFTER AN ACT OF
ARSON, AND IN ITS FINAL FORM WAS ONE OF THE SEVEN WONDERS
OF THE ANCIENT WORLD.

9. THE THIRD TEMPLE WAS LARGER THAN THE SECOND; 137 M
(450 FT) LONG BY 69 M (225 FT) WIDE AND 18 M (60 FT) HIGH,
WITH MORE THAN 127 COLUMNS. THIS RECONSTRUCTION
SURVIVED FOR 600 YEARS
THEN THE TEMPLE WAS CLOSED BY THE CHRISTIANS. DURING
THE CLOSURE, THE COLUMNS AND BRICKS OF THE TEMPLE WAS
STOLEN AND USED FOR PALACE CONSTRUCTIONS.
BY 401 AD IT HAD BEEN RUINED OR DESTROYED. TODAY THE
SITE OF THE TEMPLE, IS MARKED BY A SINGLE COLUMN
CONSTRUCTED OF DISSOCIATED FRAGMENTS DISCOVERED
ON THE SITE.

10. ERECTED IN THE TEMPLE OF ZEUS THERE. ZEUS WAS
THE SKY AND THUNDER GOD IN ANCIENT GREEK RELIGION, WHO
RULED AS KING OF THE GODS OF MOUNT OLYMPUS. STATUE
OF ZEUS IS LOCATED AT OLYMPIA, GREECE.
THE STATUE WAS ONE OF TWO MASTERPIECES BY THE GREEK
SCULPTOR PHIDIAS, IN 435 BC AND WAS PLACED IN THE HUGE
TEMPLE OF ZEUS AT OLYMPIA IN WESTERN GREECE.
THE STATUE OF ZEUS AT OLYMPIA

11. THE STATUE, ALMOST 12 M (40 FEET) HIGH AND PLATED
WITH GOLD AND IVORY, REPRESENTED THE GOD
SITTING ON AN ELABORATE CEDARWOOD THRONE
ORNAMENTED WITH EBONY, IVORY, GOLD,
AND PRECIOUS STONES.
THE STATUE, WHICH TOOK EIGHT YEARS TO
CONSTRUCT, WAS NOTED FOR THE DIVINE MAJESTY AND
GOODNESS IT EXPRESSED.
IN 391 AD, THE ROMAN EMPEROR THEODOSIUS I
CLOSED THE TEMPLES. WHERE IT WAS DESTROYED IN
THE GREAT FIRE OF THE PALACE OF LAUSUS, IN 475
AD.ALTERNATIVELY, THE STATUE PERISHED ALONG WITH
THE TEMPLE, WHICH WAS SEVERELY DAMAGED BY FIRE
IN 425 AD.

12. THE MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS
THIS MONUMENT WAS THE TOMB OF MAUSOLUS, RULER
OF CARIA. IT WAS BUILT IN HIS CAPITAL CITY, HALICARNASSUS,
BETWEEN BOUT 353 AND 351 BCE BY HIS SISTER AND
WIDOW, ARTEMISIA II.
THE MAUSOLEUM WAS APPROXIMATELY 45 M (148 FT) IN
HEIGHT. THE TOMB WAS ERECTED ON A HILL OVERLOOKING
THE CITY.
ON THE TOP OF THE TOMB THERE ARE 36 SLIM COLUMNS
WHICH COMPRISED THE FINAL THIRD OF THE HEIGHT,
WAS PYRAMIDAL. PERCHED ON THE TOP WAS A QUADRIGA -
FOUR MASSIVE HORSES PULLING A CHARIOT IN WHICH RODE
IMAGES OF MAUSOLUS AND ARTEMISIA.

13. THE BUILDING WAS DESIGNED BY THE GREEK ARCHITECTS
PYTHIUS AND SATYROS
THE BEAUTY OF THE MAUSOLEUM WAS NOT ONLY IN THE
STRUCTURE ITSELF, BUT IN THE DECORATIONS AND
STATUES THAT ADORNED THE OUTSIDE AT DIFFERENT
LEVELS ON THE PODIUM AND THE ROOF: STATUES OF
PEOPLE, LIONS, HORSES, AND OTHER ANIMALS IN VARYING
SCALES.
IT WAS DESTROYED BY SUCCESSIVE EARTHQUAKES FROM
THE 12TH TO THE 15TH CENTURY. THE REMAINING
SCULPTURE OF THE MAUSOLEUM WERE GROUND INTO LIME
FOR PLASTER, THE KNIGHTS REMOVED SEVERAL OF THE
BEST WORKS AND MOUNTED THEM IN THE CASTLE. THERE
THEY STAYED FOR THREE CENTURIES.

14. THE COLOSSUS OF RHODES
COLOSSUS OF RHODES THE TALLEST STATUE OF THE ANCIENT
WORLD IS A COLOSSAL STATUE OF THE SUN
GOD HELIOS THAT STOOD IN THE ANCIENT GREEK CITY
OF RHODES.
IT WAS MADE OF BRONZE AND REINFORCED WITH IRON, IT WAS
WEIGHTED WITH STONES. THE COLOSSUS WAS SAID TO BE 105
FEET (32 METRES) HIGH AND STOOD BESIDE MANDRÁKION
HARBOUR
THE STATUE, WHICH TOOK 12 YEARS TO BUILD. IT WAS
CONSTRUCTED TO CELEBRATE ITS SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE
AGAINST DEMETRIUS POLIORCETES

15. THE STATUE STOOD FOR 54 YEARS UNTIL RHODES WAS HIT
BY THE 226 BC EARTHQUAKE. THE STATUE SNAPPED AT THE
KNEES AND FELL OVER ONTO THE LAND.
EVEN BROKEN, THEY WERE SO IMPRESSIVE THAT MANY
TRAVELLED TO SEE THEM.
ILLUSTERATIONS SHOW THE STATUE WITH ONE FOOT ON
EITHER SIDE OF THE HARBOUR MOUTH WITH SHIPS PASSING
UNDER IT, BASED ON THE TEXT'S "OVER LAND AND SEA"
SINCE 2008, A SERIES OF AS YET UNREALIZED PROPOSALS
TO BUILD A NEW COLOSSUS AT RHODES HARBOUR HAVE
BEEN ANNOUNCED, ALTHOUGH THE ACTUAL LOCATION OF
THE ORIGINAL MONUMENT REMAINS IN DISPUTE.

16. THE LIGHTHOUSE OF ALEXANDRIA
ALSO CALLED PHAROS OF ALEXANDRIA THE MOST
FAMOUS LIGHTHOUSE IN ANTIQUITY.
THE LIGHTHOUSE STOOD ON THE ISLAND OF PHAROS IN THE
HARBOUR OF ALEXANDRIA AND IS SAID TO HAVE BEEN MORE
THAN 350 FEET (110 METRES) HIGH; THE ONLY TALLER MAN-MADE
STRUCTURES
THE LIGHTHOUSE WAS BUILT IN THREE STAGES, THE LOWEST WAS
SQUARE, THE NEXT OCTAGONAL, AND THE TOP CYLINDRICAL. A
BROAD SPIRAL RAMP LED TO THE TOP, WHERE A FIRE BURNED AT
NIGHT.

17. THE LIGHT WAS PRODUCED BY A FURNACE AT THE TOP, AND THE
TOWER WAS SAID TO HAVE BEEN BUILT MOSTLY WITH SOLID
BLOCKS OF LIMESTONE.
THE TOP OF THE LIGHTHOUSE IS MOUNTED WITH STATUE OF
ALEXANDER THE GREAT IN THE FORM OF HELIOS – THE SUN GOD.
THE LIGHTHOUSE WAS SEVERELY DAMAGED BY THREE
EARTHQUAKES BETWEEN AD 956 AND 1323 AND BECAME AN
ABANDONED RUIN. LIGHTHOUSE REMAINS FOUND IN
THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

19. THE ONLY ONE THAT HAS SURVIVED TO THE PRESENT
DAY IS THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE HANGING GARDENS HAS NOT
BEEN PROVEN, ALTHOUGH THEORIES ABOUND.
RECORDS AND ARCHAEOLOGY CONFIRM THE
EXISTENCE OF THE OTHER FIVE WONDERS.
THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS AND THE STATUE OF ZEUS
WERE DESTROYED BY FIRE, WHILE THE LIGHTHOUSE
OF ALEXANDRIA, COLOSSUS, AND TOMB OF
MAUSOLUS WERE DESTROYED BY EARTHQUAKES.
AMONG THE ARTIFACTS TO HAVE SURVIVED ARE
SCULPTURES FROM THE TOMB OF MAUSOLUS AND
THE TEMPLE OF ARTEMIS IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM IN
LONDON.
SUMMARY

20. Thank you
-SHARON SHERANI DANIEL