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Basic concept of shockers and types
- 1. PHY109 LAB AT HOME K17BK-B07 - BY SHARISHTH SINGH 11715144
- 2. CONCEPT OF SHOCKERS IN BIKES AND CARS
- 4. INTRODUCTION Shock absorber, also called Snubber, device for controlling unwanted motion of a spring-mounted vehicle. On an automobile, for example, the springs act as a cushion between the axles and the body and reduce the shocks on the body produced by a rough road surface. In simpler terms, as the name suggests it is used to absorb shocks and prevent the sudden impacts not harm the chassis and other integral parts of the vehicle in return giving the rider or driver a smooth and a safe ride. In consideration with engineering design these are given to absorb shocks from the surface and distribute it uniformly to the entire structure of the vehicle . It is also to maintain a constant contact of the wheels on the ground so that the vehicle at no point in riding or driving is flung in the air(due to sudden impacts). In vehicles it is mainly used as suspension
- 5. CONCEPT According to me it is based on following concepts Newton's third law and second law Damping/Damping ratio Friction Elasticity
- 6. NEWTON'S THIRD LAW AND SECOND LAW Acc. To newton’s third law, for every action there is equal and opposite reaction. Incase of shockers when a vehicle experiences a shock in the form of kinetic energy which is action and gets converted to other form of energy(which is then dissipated) which is typically heat, vibrations which is reaction. This another form of energy is mostly due to friction, the shock is slowed down by tight spring(strain or stress caused due to shock), rubs on the rod part its coiled on. Newton’s Second law basically is all about is F=ma. The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
- 8. DAMPING/DAMPING RATIO In engineering, the damping ratio is a dimensionless measure describing how oscillations in a system decay after a disturbance. A mass suspended from a spring, for example, might, if pulled and released, bounce up and down. On each bounce, the system is trying to return to its equilibrium position, but overshoots it. Sometimes losses (e.g. frictional) damp the system and can cause the oscillations to gradually decay in amplitude towards zero or attenuate. The damping ratio is a measure of describing how rapidly the oscillations decay from one bounce to the next.
- 9. FRICTION it is also based on third law. Whenever we apple a action force on object in contact with the other object, both having somewhat rough surface, there exist a reaction force opposite in direction coming from the other object, this reaction, opposing force is called friction.
- 10. EXTRAS… Some combinations of road surface and car speed may result in excessive up- and-down motion of the car body. Shock absorbers slow down and reduce the magnitude of these vibratory motions. Modern shock absorbers are hydraulic devices that oppose both the compression and the stretch of the springs. The direct-acting, or strut, type is attached to the vehicle frame and the axle by two eyes. One eye is attached to a piston that slides in an oil-filled cylinder attached to the other eye. Any relative motion between the frame and the axle causes the piston to act against the oil in the cylinder. This oil has to leak through small openings or pass through a spring-loaded valve. In this way, a force is created that opposes the contraction and stretching of the springs, and the vibration of the body is dampened.
- 11. USES When you increase the throttle, the wheel that is getting all the power rotates at the wheel’s axis and creates centrifugal force (basically the more the torque, the greater the force). The centrifugal force created above will try to throw the wheel away from the ground. The suspension, with the help of the weight of the bike and rider, will push this wheel down; and try to keep it connected to the ground as much as possible. The absorption of the shocks from uneven terrain is just a by product. The design, placement and the ‘travel’ of the suspension depends upon the type of vehicle design.
- 12. ELASTICITY Deforming Force A force which produces a change in configuration of the object on applying it, is called a deforming force. Elasticity Elasticity is that property of the object by virtue of which it regain its original configuration after the removal of the deforming force. Elastic Limit Elastic limit is the upper limit of deforming force upto which, if deforming force is removed, the body regains its original form completely and beyond which if deforming force is increased the body loses its property of elasticity and get permanently deformed. Perfectly Elastic Bodies Those bodies which regain its original configuration immediately and completely after the removal of deforming force are called perfectly elastic bodies. e.g., quartz and phosphor bronze etc.
- 13. ELASTICITY Stress and strain The internal restoring force acting per unit area of a deformed body is called stress. Stress = Restoring force / Area Its unit is N/m or Pascal and dimensional formula is [ML T ]. Stress is a tensor quantity. Strain The fractional change in configuration is called strain. Strain = Change in the configuration / Original configuration It has no unit and it is a dimensionless quantity. According to the change in configuration, the strain is of three types (1) Longitudinal strain= Change in length / Original length (2) Volumetric strain = Change in volume / Original volume (3) Shearing strain = Angular displacement of the plane perpendicular to the f
- 14. ELASTICITY Hooke’s law - Within the limit of elasticity, the stress is proportional to the strain. Modulus of Elasticity – normal stress : strain Compressibility- Compressibility of a material is the reciprocal of its bulk modulus of elasticity.