It was my first research project based on literature reviews.

1. The use of Recycled Paper Processing Residues in making
Porous Brick with Reduced Thermal Conductivity
Presented by:
Md. Sharif Uddin-1423037
Faiyad-Bin-Afzal-1423024
Department of Building Engineering and Construction Management.
BECM 3200
PROJECT AND SEMINAR

2. Supervised by:
Md. Shariar Hossain.
Lecturer,
Dept. of BECM
Course Teacher:
Dr.Kazi ABM Mohiuddin,
Associate Professor.
Md. Ikramul Haque.
Assistant Professor,
Dr. Md Habibur Rahman Sobuz.
Assistant Professor,
Md. Hamidul Islam.
Assistant Professor,
Jhumana Akhter.
Assistant Professor,
Mizanoor Rahman.
Lecturer,
Abu Sayed Mohammad Akid.
Lecturer,
Md. Shariar Hossain.
Lecturer,
Department of Building Engineering and Construction Management.

3. INTRODUCTION
Production of porous and light-weight bricks with reduced thermal
conductivity and acceptable compressive strength is the real concern
today.
Energy from building constitutes around 33% of total consumption with
about half of this lost through the walls.
European standard EN832 states that, depending on the location and
climate, walls should be made of material with a heat transfer coefficient
of 0.4–0.7 W/m²K, the lower the better.

4. This value can be reduced by addition of pore-forming agents to
the brick before heating.
 Paper waste is the more efficient agents to use for making porous
bricks with reduced thermal conductivity.

5. OBJECTIVES
 To make porous bricks with reduced thermal
conductivity.
 To make light weight bricks.
 To use the recycled paper residues properly.
 To analyze the properties of fired bricks.

6. METHODS & TESTS
There were used clay brick raw material and paper processing residues.
in this research Paper processing residues were gotten from a paper mill
in Turkey.
At first bricks raw material and paper processing residues were dried at
100 °C in stove. At that point, they were powdered by a plate process
(Fritsch, Pulverisette 13).

7.  Then dewatered residue was mixed with mechanically utilized
earthenware powder in a Heidolph blender at a blending speed
(650– 800 rpm) for 30 min. The resulting blends contained up to 30
wt% of paper wastes. The mixes were dried in a stove at 110 °C for
16 h. Dried mixes were ground into mortar, and granulized with
splashed water (10% dampness).

8. In water hydraulic press under a weight of 10 MPa for the rectangular-
molded examples (85 mm x 85 mm x 10 mm) and dried. Dried samples
were let go in a laboratory-type electrical heater at the rate of 2.5 °C
/min until 600 °C, and at that point at the rate of 10 °C /min until 1100
°C, for 1h.
Archimedes test, XRF investigation, Quick Thermal Conductivity Meter
were used to measure bulk density, apparent porosity, water
absorption and Thermal conductivity.

9. BRICKS RAW
MATERIAL
DEIONIZED WATER
CHARACTERIZATION MECHANICAL
MIXING
DRYING
BREAKING OF
AGGLOMERATES ON
A MORTER
GRANULATION
WITH COLD WATER
SPRAYING
PRESSING
DRYING OF
GREEN BODIES
FIRING
CHARACTERIZATION
OF FIRED
PRODUCTION
PAPER PROCESSING
RESIDUE
Fig. 1. Experimental flow chart for sample preparation.

10. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Table 1
Chemical analysis of brick raw material and waste. (XRF investigation)
Compositions (wt%) Brick raw material Paper processing residues
Al2O3 15.71 4.14
SiO2 61.65 6.42
CaO 2.16 32.91
MgO 2.30 1.54
K2O 2.36 0.12
Fe2O3 6.77 0.28
TiO2 0.82 0.09
CuO 0.26 0.25
LOI 7.5 53.8

11. Properties
0% 10% 20% 30%
As measured by a caliper
Green density (g/cm3) 2.16 2.03 1.96 1.83
Dry density (g/cm3) 2.03 1.88 1.80 1.64
Fired density (g/cm3) 1.92 1.65 1.49 1.28
Loss on ignition (%) 7.5 12.3 17.0 22.0
As measured by Archimedes test
Apparent porosity (%) 30.8 38.9 46.2 52.0
Water absorption (%) 16.7 23.9 31.9 40.4
Apparent specific gravity (g/cm3) 2.68 2.65 2.69 2.69
Bulk density (g/cm3) 1.85 1.62 1.45 1.29
Compressive strengths, (kg/cm2)
At pressing direction 400±200 160 ± 20 76 ±9 51 ± 1
At transverse direction 450 ±150 235 ± 15 150 ± 10 74 ± 1
Thermal conductivity (W/m K) 0.83 ± 0.03 0.59 ± 0.03 0.48±0.01 0.42 ±0.02
Table 2
Measured values of the bricks fired at 1100 8C.
Percent paper residue additions by weight

12.  The color of the bricks got lighter shades of red with increasing
amount of residues because of the presence of higher measures of
calcium.
 Their drying shrinkage values varied between 1% and 2%.
 Fired density of the bricks decreased from 1.92 to 1.28 g/cm3, which
corresponds to a decrease by 33% compared to density of the brick
without residues
According to the table no 1 and 2-

13.  Compressive strength of the samples were as yet higher than the
standard strength values. As indicated by relating European Standards
(TS EN 771-1), the base quality for building bricks is 7 MPa . The
compressive quality for severe weathering (SW) bricks is 20 MPa. In our
examination, strength of tests with 0% and 10% residues were higher
than that of SW bricks.

14. CONCLUSIONS
The manufactured bricks with recycled paper processing residues
have shown positive effects on the properties of fired clay bricks such
as improved porosity, thermal conductivity, compressive strength,
water absorption properties, weight, and reduction of density and
energy used during firing. Thus, utilization of paper wastes has been
encouraged as one of the most effective alternative materials that
could be used to making porous, light weight bricks with reduced
thermal conductivity.

15. REFERENCES
M. Dondi, M. Marsigli, B. Fabbri, Recycling of industrial and urban wastes in brick
production, Tile and Brick International 13 (3) (1997) 218–225.
M. Sutcu , S. Akkurt, (2009). The use of recycled paper processing residues in making
porous brick with reduced thermal conductivity
A.Kadir, A. Mohajerani, (2011) .Bricks: An excellent building material for recycling
waste-A review.
Y. Abali, M. A. Yurdusev, M. S. Zeybek & A. Kumanhoglu. Using phosphogypsume and
boron concentrator wastes in light brick production. Construction and Building
Materials, 21, 2007, 52-56.

17. THANK YOU