This chapter discusses the internal architecture of Intel microprocessors from the 8086 to the Core2. It describes the programming model including the program-visible and program-invisible registers. The chapter objectives are to describe the purpose of each register, how memory is accessed in different modes, and detailing the flag register. It provides details on the general purpose registers including the RAX, RBX, RCX, RDX and others, as well as the special purpose registers including RIP, RSP, and RFLAGS.