Camera work and photography

1. Camerawork and photography
Framing-
Medium shot
Mediumshotsare used to allow viewers to see characters movementsandgestures. Mediumshotpicks upbody
language, gestures andmovements. Itis close enoughto catch people’s emotions.
Close-up
Close up shotis where the certain feature takesup the mostof the frame. A close up is to showdetail of the face and
can be used as cut-ins.
Long shot
A longshotis a wide shot. Thismeans it showsthe full picture of a scene or person. This is often pictures outside
buildings usually used toshow action.
Medium close-up
This shotshowsimages clearly, but notto close.

2. Extreme close-up
Extreme close up showsthe face in detail but notenoughto show emotion.
Medium long shot
Mediumlong shotshowsanythingabovethe knees.
Establishingshot or lack of (tolocate o disorientate)
Angle
High
The camera is positionedaboveusinga crane toget a general overview, this makesthingseem scary or smaller. It
makesthe character appearsmall.
Low
Low angles confuse the viewer of powerlessnesswithin actionscenes. Backgroundsoflow angle shotsare usually sky
or ceiling.

3. Height
High
A highplace abovea level; a hill or mountain
Low
Mid

4. Level
Straight
Canted

5. Movement
Pan- Cameramovesfromsideto side from a fixed axis
Tilt- Camera movesup anddown from a fixed axis
Crane- Cameramountedon a crane movesat a distance abovegroundlevel
Track- Camerafollows action, movingalong trackslaid for the purpose, oftenpulling back from the scene
Dolly
Aerial- Cameramountedonahelicopter or aero plane.
Handheldshots- Freedomof movementandcan be usedin action sequences. Unsteadiness is a big disadvantage.
Whip pan- Anextremelyfastmovementof the camerafromside to side,whichbrieflycausesthe image toblurintoa
setof indistincthorizontal streaks.Oftenanimperceptiblecutwill jointwowhippanstocreate a trick transition
betweenscenes

6. Crane- Thecamerais mountedontoa crane so thatit can movedramatically upor down andfrom side to side.
Sometimescranes are puton tracksto create spectacular trackingand craning movement.
Handheld- A shaky movementthefollows the movementof the camera operator
Zoomlens- Creates the illusion of movementby altering the lens length
Composition
Aspect ratio
Aspect ratio describes the relationshipbetween the width andheight of an image. It’swritten as a figure, in this form
– width:height (width always comes first).
Rule of thirds
The rule of thirds is applied by aligning a subject with the guide lines and their intersection points, placing
the horizon on the top or bottom line, or allowing linear features in the image to flow from section to section.
Depth of field (depthandshallow focus)
Depth of field is the front-to-back range of focus in an image — that is, how much of it appears sharp and
clear. In deep focus the foreground, middle-ground and background are all in focus. ... It is the aperture of
a camera lens that determines the depth of field.
Focuspulls
The focus pull (AKA rack focus) is a creative camera technique in which you change focus during a shot.
Usually this means adjusting the focus from one subject to another. The shot below begins focused on the
plant in the foreground, then adjusts focus until the girl is sharp.
Colour
Warm

7. Warm brightcolours visually enlarge objectsand make themseem closer. Due to their high visibility I adviselimiting
their use amongsubduedcolours.
Cold
Cold dark colours are widely used on businesswebsitesfor ambitiousandhardworkingqualities with a special
highlightfor government, science, automotiveandcomputerproducts. Suchcold but brighttones enhancea
sensationof modernity andprofessionalismif harmoniously combinedwith grey. It’sa nice compositionfor
businesses, commerce, and service websites especially with health, cosmetic and medicine products.

8. Black and white
Black andwhite images appear tobe moretimeless thancolor images. Used ontelly toshow thatsomethingis old.

9. Multi monochromatic palette
They are used to attract the audience
Exposure
A photograph's exposure determines how light or dark an image will appear when it's been captured by
your camera.

10. Filters

11. Visual effects
Green/Blue screen
Once you've captured your green screen footage, you'll need to remove the green backgrounds of your
video and replace it with your own background. Blue screen is a cheaper version of green screen so it is
more popular.

12. Computer-generatedimage
Justcreates animage onthe computer.