2. MY EXPERIENCES WITH HT
• VOLUNTEER PRIOR TO BEING AN INTERN
• ANTI-TRAFFICKING INTERN AT THE SALVATION ARMY OF DELAWARE COUNTY
• CO-CHAIR OF PREVENTION AND CONTINUUM OF CARE SUBCOMMITTEES FOR THE DELAWARE COUNTY AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING
COALITION
• COALITION DATA COLLECTION
• EMERGENCY RESPONSE HOTLINE (2 CALLS IN 2 WEEKS)
• HT 101 TRAININGS
• GUEST HOUSE
• THE WELL
3. SALVATION ARMY PROGRAM & SERVICES
• 24 HOUR HOTLINE
• 24 HOUR EMERGENCY RESPONSE
• COMPREHENSIVE, LONG-TERM CASE MANAGEMENT
• THE GUEST HOUSE SAFE HOUSING
• STREET OUTREACH
• DROP IN CENTER
• TRAUMA AND ADDICTION GROUPS
• COORDINATION OF CENTRAL OHIO RESCUE AND RESTORE COALITION , ENDSLAVERY CINCINNATI AND DELAWARE COUNTY COALITION AGAINST
HUMAN TRAFFICKING
• PUBLIC AWARENESS
4. WHY THIS TOPIC?
• SALVATION ARMY REALIZES THIS GROUP IS AN UNDERSERVED POPULATIONIN THEIR PROGRAM
• STRUGGLING TO FIND, IDENTIFY AND REACH OUT TO VICTIMS OF LABOR TRAFFICKING, LET ALONE HOW TO
EFFECTIVELY SERVE THIS POPULATION
5. WHAT IS LABOR TRAFFICKING?
• THE RECRUITMENT, HARBORING, TRANSPORTATION, PROVISION, OR OBTAINING OF A PERSON FOR LABOR
OR SERVICES, THROUGH THE USE OF FORCE, FRAUD OR COERCION FOR THEPURPOSE OF SUBJECTION TO
INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE, PEONAGE, DEBT BONDAGE OR SLAVERY.
6. FORCE• MOST OBVIOUS CONTROL MECHANISM
• PHYSICAL TORTURE TACTICS
EXAMPLES INCLUDE:
• KIDNAPPING
• RAPE (INCLUDING GANG RAPE)
• PHYSICAL AND SEXUAL ASSAULT, INCLUDING AGAINST FAMILY AND FRIENDS.
• RESTRAINT
• CONFINEMENT, ISOLATION
• TORTURE, MUTILATION, STARVATION
• FORCED/INTENTIONAL DRUG ADDICTION
• MURDER
7. FRAUD
• BAIT AND SWITCH
• FALSE PROMISES OF EMPLOYMENT, MONEY, LOVE
• “AMERICAN DREAM”
8. COERCION
• COERCION=MENTAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL MANIPULATIONS TO CONTROL AN INDIVIDUAL
• THREATS (HURTING THE INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY, FRIENDS, PETS, ETC.)
• ANY SCHEME, PLAN, OR PATTERN INTENDED TO CREATE THE BELIEF THATA PERSON WILL HAVE RESTRAINT
USED AGAINST THEM (ALWAYS CARRYING/ FLASHING WEAPON)
• THE ABUSE OR THREATENED ABUSE OF LEGAL PROCESS TO PREVENT THEM FROM SEEKING HELP
• HARD TO PROVE IN COURT
9. INVOLUNTARY SERVITUDE
NOUN
• 1. SLAVERY OR BONDAGE OF ANY KIND: POLITICAL OR INTELLECTUAL SERVITUDE.
• 2. COMPULSORY SERVICE OR LABOR AS A PUNISHMENT FOR CRIMINALS: PENAL SERVITUDE.
10. PEON/ PEONAGE
• A PERSON HELD IN SERVITUDE TO WORK OFF DEBTS OR OTHER OBLIGATIONS.
11. DEBT BONDAGE
• TRAFFICKING VICTIMS MUST REIMBURSE HIS/HER TRAFFICKERS FOR TRAVEL, ROOM AND BOARD,
HYGIENE AND OTHER PERSONAL ITEMS.
• AMOUNT TO BE REPAID IS SET BY TRAFFICKER
• ILLEGAL IN THE UNITED STATES
• CONSIDERED TO BE TRAFFICKING-RELATED EXPLOITIVE ACTIVITY BY THE U.N. T.I.P. PROTOCOL
12. SLAVERY
NOUN
• 1. A PERSON WHO IS THE PROPERTY OF AND WHOLLY SUBJECT TO ANOTHER;A BOND SERVANT.
• 2. A PERSON ENTIRELY UNDER THE DOMINATION OF SOME INFLUENCE OR PERSON:
13. LABOR TRAFFICKING V. LABOR EXPLOITATION
TRAFFICKING
• ELEMENTS OF FORCE, FRAUD OR COERCION
• LIMITED/NO FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
• LIMITED/ NO FREEDOM TO LEAVE
• LITTLE/NO CONTROL OVER EARNINGS
• A DEBT CYCLE
14. LABOR TRAFFICKING V. LABOR EXPLOITATION
EXPLOITATION
• SUBSTANDARD WORK CONDITIONS
• FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT
• FREEDOM TO LEAVE
• UNFAIR WAGES
15. THE MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LABOR
TRAFFICKING AND LABOR EXPLOITATION
IS THE ABILITY TO LEAVE!!
16. METHODS OF CONDITIONING
• STARVATION
• CONFINEMENT
• BEATINGS
• TORTURE
• RAPE & GANG RAPE
• THREATS OF VIOLENCE TO VICTIM AND/OR VICTIM’S FAMILY
• FORCED DRUG USE
• CULTURAL BELIEVES (E.G. KARMA)
• CHILDREN
• FORCED TO PARTICIPATE IN VIOLENT ACTS AGAINST OTHER VICTIMS
• FORCED INTO HUMILIATING SITUATIONS FOR PHOTOS OR VIDEOS
17. PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
• “ISSUE WITHIN AN ISSUE, WITHIN AN ISSUE”
Poverty
Homelessness
Hungry
Unemployment
Family- child sexual abuse
Lack of Education
Foster Care
Natural disaster
Corruption, Civil conflict
Domestic Violence
Drugs/ Addiction
Immigration
Push False Promises
Employment
Love/ Boyfriend
Dreams to travel
Gang involvement/ belonging
Glamorization of commercial sex
Pull
18. VULNERABILITY FACTORS
• IMMIGRANT
• HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
• POVERTY
• CRIME
• DISCRIMINATION
• CORRUPTION
• POLITICAL CONFLICT
• CULTURAL ACCEPTANCE OF PRACTICE
World Vision
19. PREVALENCE
• THE MOST COMMON GOODS WHICH HAVE SIGNIFICANT INCIDENCE OF FORCED AND/OR CHILD LABOR
ARE COTTON, SUGARCANE, TOBACCO, COFFEE, RICE, AND COCOA IN AGRICULTURE; BRICKS, GARMENTS,
CARPETS, AND FOOTWEAR IN MANUFACTURING; AND GOLD AND COAL IN MINED OR QUARRIED GOODS.
• 122 GOODS IN 58 COUNTRIES ARE PRODUCED WITH A SIGNIFICANT INCIDENCE OF FORCED LABOR, CHILD
LABOR, OR BOTH.
• MORE GOODS WERE FOUND TO BE MADE WITH CHILD LABOR THAN FORCED LABOR.
US Department of Labor: Office of Child Labor, Forced Labor, and Human Trafficking
22. Human Trafficking
Sex Trafficking
Prostitution
Lap Dancing
Live-Sex Shows
Mail-Order Brides
Child Brides
Labor
Trafficking
Domestic Servitude
Sweat Shops/ Factories
Begging
Agricultural Work
Mining
Brick Kilns
Child Soldiers
23. Human Trafficking
Sex Trafficking
Prostitution
Lap Dancing
Live-Sex Shows
Mail-Order Brides
Child Brides
Labor
Trafficking
Domestic Servitude
Sweat Shops/ Factories
Begging
Agricultural Work
Mining
Brick Kilns
Child Soldiers
24. WHAT DOES OUR TEXTBOOK SAY?
• “SWEATSHOP LABOR, DOMESTIC SERVITUDE, AND SERVILE MARRIAGE FREQUENTLY INVOLVES SEXUAL
EXPLOITATION OR PROSTITUTION IN ADDITION TO LABOR EXPLOITATION.”
26. COMMON LOCATIONS IN U.S.
• HOUSECLEANING SERVICES
• LANDSCAPE AND GARDENING BUSINESSES
• DOMESTIC (HOME/CHILDCARE) WORKERS
• LARGE-SCALE AGRICULTURAL LABOR
• CONSTRUCTION SITES
• CASINOS
• GARMENT FACTORIES
• Hotels (housekeeping)
• Nail & Hair salons
• Migrant or transitional communities
• Magazine subscription and other door to door sales
• Peddling Rings
• Begging Rings
29. OHIO VULNERABILITIES
• EXTENSIVE HIGHWAY SYSTEM- WITHIN DAY’S DRIVE TO MAJOR CITIES (INDIANAPOLIS, CHICAGO, WASHINGTON DC, NEW
YORK, CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, DETROIT, NASHVILLE, PITTSBURGH, TORONTO, ETC.)
• COLUMBUSINTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
• LAKE ERIE
• POVERTY
• SHARPLY RISING IMMIGRANT POPULATION
• CONSERVATIVE ESTIMATE: AT LEAST 6,316 OHIOANS ARE AT RISK OF BEING TRAFFICKED AND 1,861 ARE BELIEVED TO BE
TRAFFICKED IN OHIO TODAY.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34. OHIO EGG FARMS
THE COLUMBUS DISPATCH, JULY 12, 2015, HOLLY ZACHARIAH
• …GUATEMALAN TEENAGERS AND ADULTS RECRUITED AND THEN BROUGHT INTOTHIS COUNTRY WITH THE
PROMISE OF A SAFE PLACE TO LIVE AND AN EDUCATION…KEPT HIDDEN AWAY IN THOSE UNSAFE AND
UNSANITARY HOUSE TRAILERS — SOME WITHOUT HEAT AND RUNNING WATER, SOME TEEMING WITH
RODENTS AND BUGS — THAT WERE OWNED BY THE RING’S LEADERS. THEIR CAPTORS TOOK MOST OF THEIR
MONEY. ONE TEENAGER TOLD INVESTIGATORS THAT THE MEN IN CHARGE HAD GIVEN HIM ONLY $100 TOTAL
FROM HIS PAYCHECKS OVER THE FOUR MONTHS HE’D BEEN WORKING. FEDERAL PROSECUTORS SAY THE
WORKERS WERE KEPT IN LINE WITH PHYSICAL VIOLENCE AND THREATS TOKILL THEIR FAMILIES BACK HOME.
AN INDICTMENT UNSEALED AND ANNOUNCED EARLIER THIS MONTH BY THE U.S. ATTORNEY’S OFFICE FOR THE
NORTHERN DISTRICT OF OHIO IN CLEVELAND CHARGED AROLDO CASTILLO-SERRANO, 33, OF PECOS, TEXAS;
CONRADO SALGADO SOTO, 52, OF RAYMOND, OHIO; ANA ANGELICA PEDRO JUAN, 21, OF COLUMBUS; AND JUAN
PABLO DURAN JR., 23, OF MARYSVILLE, WITH CRIMES IN CONNECTION WITH THE OPERATION.
38. RESTRICTIONS OF VICTIM OUTREACH CARDS
• MAY NOT MAKE IT INTO THE HANDS OF THE VICTIM
• LANGUAGE BARRIER, ESPECIALLY WITH IMMIGRANTS
• ILLITERACY (COGNITIVE DISABILITIES)
• LACK OF ACCESS TO PHONE
• MAY NOT IDENTIFY WITH BEING FORCED AGAINST THEIR WILL IF THEY ARE BEING COERCED
39. • SAFETY
• HOUSING
• COUNSELING
• CASE MANAGEMENT
• EDUCATION
• WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT TRAINING
• AOD TREATMENT
• BASIC NEEDS (FOOD, CLOTHING)
• TRAUMA TREATMENT
• LEGAL ADVOCACY
• SPIRITUAL
• LIFE SKILLS
*** WRAP AROUND SERVICES ARE CRUCIAL!
NEEDS OF VICTIMS
40.
41. BARRIERS & COMPLICATIONS
• WATCHED, ESCORTED, GUARDED BY TRAFFICKERS
• “COACHED” STORIES AND/OR ANSWERS TO CERTAIN QUESTIONS
• UNAWARE THAT HT IS A CRIME
• LOYALTY & TRAUMA BOND TO TRAFFICKER
• LEARNED MISTRUST OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SERVICE PROVIDERS= UNCOOPERATIVE
• LANGUAGE
• ISOLATION
• FEAR (OF UNKNOWN)
42. COMPLICATIONS
• PAGE 290 OF FARLEY TEXTBOOK:
• LOTS OF MATERIAL AND GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE IS BASED ON DECLARED INCOME
• HOW MUCH A VICTIM OF TRAFFICKING DECLARES V. HOW MUCH THEY ACTUALLY GET TO KEEP ARE TWO VERY
DIFFERENT NUMBERS
• NO CONNECTION BETWEEN SURVIVOR’S INCOME AND NEED
• SYSTEM WORKING AGAINST ITSELF
• NEEDS WORK AND ADVOCACY
43. TRAUMA BOND COMPLICATION
• CAPTIVITY, WHICH BRINGS THE VICTIM INTO PROLONGED CONTACT WITH THE PERPETRATOR, CREATES A
SPECIAL TYPE OF RELATIONSHIP, ONE OF COERCIVE CONTROL.*
• THE GOAL OF THE PERPETRATOR IS TO INSTILL IN HIS VICTIM NOT ONLYFEAR OF DEATH BUT ALSO
GRATITUDE FOR BEING ALLOWED TO LIVE. *
*DR. JUDITH HERMAN, TRAUMA AND RECOVERY, 1992.
44. COMMUNICATING WITH VICTIMS
• SAFETY FIRST
• BUILD TRUST, RAPPORT
• ISOLATE IF NECESSARY (FROM TRAFFICKER OR OTHERS)
• CONFIDENTIALITY IS CRUCIAL
• “TRAFFICKING VICTIM” HAS NO MEANING TO THEM, NOT GOING TO IDENTIFY WITH IT
• ACTIVE & REFLECTIVE LISTENING
• JUDGMENT- FREE
• “I BELIEVE YOU.” “IT’S NOT YOUR FAULT.”
• “I KNOW THERE ARE PEOPLE OUT THERE THAT CARE AND WANT TO HELP YOU.”
• MEET THEM WHERE THEY ARE, UNDERSTAND LEAVING MAY NOT BE THE BEST OR SAFEST OPTION AT THIS POINT.
58. THINGS YOU CAN DO:
• DIG DEEPER, INTENTIONALLY ASK QUESTIONS!
• SHOP FAIR TRADE: HTTP://FAIRTRADEUSA.ORG/SHOPPING-GUIDE
Editor's Notes
Unique Considerations and Barriers, Sex trafficking gets a lot more attention, but statistically we know labor trafficking is most likely more prevalent around the world
