It is a fully informative presentation slide about Modern Loom. Here we discussed about Modern Loom, Types & details of every types with figure and video.

1. Study on Modern loom
MD. SHAHADAT
HOSEN
12’th Batch
Textile Engineering
PORT CITY INTERNATIONAL
UNIVERSITY

2. CONTENTS :
 INTRODUCTION.
 TYPES.
RAPIER.
PROJECTILE.
AIR JET.
WATER JET.
• FEATURES
• WORKING
PROCESS
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES

3. INTRODUCTION:
Loom: A loom is a device used
to weave cloth and tapestry. The basic
purpose of any loom is to hold
the warp threads under tension to
facilitate the interweaving of
the weft threads
Modern Loom: The modern loom,
simple and intricate shedding
operations are performed
automatically by the heddle or heald
frame, also known as a harness

4. Types of Modern Loom:
ModernLoom
Rapier
Projectile
Air Jet
Water Jet

5. Rapier
Rapier loom is a shuttleless loom machine. Here, filling yarn is carried
through the shed of the warp yarns into another side of the loom by
finger like carriers. This type of looms is competitors to the missille
looms. The rapier loom uses a rigid or flexible rapier head to bring the
grip and guide the weft. In addition to being suitable for weaving plain
and textured fabrics, rapier looms are characterized by easy color
change and suitable for multi-color weft, suitable for the production of
yarn-dyed, double-layered velvet, terry fabrics and decorative.

6. Features:
 Higher production cost in rapier loom.
 Rapier loom machine consumes moderate power.
 This type of loom machine is suitable for weft patterning.
 Fancy fabric is produced by using rapier loom
in weaving sector.
 Normally, rapier loom has a simple mechanism.
 In case of rapier loom, standard rapier with stands at 190 cm.

7.  On the rapier loom, depending on its
width, either a single rapier or two rapiers
(an entry rapier and an exit rapier) are used.
These may be flexible or rigid.
 In the more common double rapier
looms, when the shed is formed, both
rapiers enter the shed, with the entry rapier
holding the weft yarn and pulling it from a
stationary yarn package at the side of the
loom.
When they meet in the middle across the
cloth, the exit rapier collects the weft yarn
from the entry rapier, and then, both rapiers
withdraw. The withdrawal of the exit rapier
completes the weft insertion.
Working process:

8. Advantages: Disadvantages:
The main advantages of rapier
loom machine have presented in
the following:
1.Rapier loom is too much perfect
for weft patterning.
2.Rapier loom has a simple
mechanism.
3.Fancy fabric is produced here.
4.Higher production cost than
others loom machine.
5.Production speed of rapier loom
machine varies from 200-260 ppm.
6.This type of loom machine
consumes moderate power than
others.
Various disadvantages of rapier
loom are:
1.In case of rapier loom, noise
level is higher than jet loom
machine.
2.Here, production speed is less
than jet loom.

9. Projectile
Projectile weaving machine is a shuttle-less loom method for filling yarn insertion
using a small metal device resembling a bullet in appearance with a clamp for gripping
the yarn at one end, which is then propelled into and through the shed. In
this weaving machine the weft insertion is carried out by small clamp projectiles,
which number depends on the weaving width and which with their grippers take out
the weft yarn from big cross-wound bobbins and insert it into the shed always in the
same direction.

10. Features:
Key characteristics of projectile loom have pointed out in the
following:
In case of projectile loom machine, number of projectile varies
from 11 to 17.
Projectile loom can produce multiple types of fabric.
This type of loom machine consumes less power (approximately
3 kw-hr).
Minimum width of rapier loom is 190 cm.
In projectile loom machine, accommodator is used to reduce
tension.
Maximum width of this type of loom is 540 cm.
In projectile loom, double beam single fabric can be produced.

11. Advantages: Disadvantages:
Important advantages of projectile
loom are in the below:
1.Projectile loom is less noisy
than shuttle looms.
2.Drawing-in pinning of drop
wires and knotting are accepted
here.
3.This type of loom machine is
easy to operate and maintain.
4.Here, the warp stop motions
and weft stop motions actuate
first and reliable.
5.Projectile loom may produce
different types of fashionable
fabric.
Some demerits of projectile loom
machine are-
1.Projectile loom is a long lasting
machine.
2.Projectile loom needs higher
initial investment.
3.Skilled personnel are required
to run projectile loom machine.
4.Projectile loom machine is too
much noisy than jet loom.

12. Air Jet
The air jet loom draws the weft yarn with the injected compressed air stream and
carries the weft yarn through the shed. The most important feature of air jet loom is its
high speed and high labor productivity. It is suitable for the production of plain and
textured fabrics, fine high density fabrics and large fabrics. Normally, air jet loom uses
a jet of air for propelling the filling yarn through the weaving shed

13. Features:
Some key features of air jet loom have mentioned in the below:
 In case of air jet loom, higher weft insertion performance
occurred.
 Less power consumption in air jet loom.
 It needs multi-color weft insertion up to eight.
 Air jet loom provides higher production than others.
 Light and medium fabric has produced here.
 Here fabric width is 190 cm.

14.  The weft yarn is carried in a jet of air through the shed . Weft yarn
from the stationary yarn package (1) passes through a yarn tensioner
(2) and yarn guider(3) and enters into a weft measuring and storing
device (4), which measures the required length of weft and keeps it in a
relaxed state.
Then the weft yarn is introduced into the nozzle (6). A clamp (5),
situated between the measuring and storing device and the nozzle,
holds the weft.
Working process:

15.  When the shed is formed, the clamp
(5) releases the weft and the high
pressure airflow from the nozzle (6)
pulls the weft from the storage device
out and drags it through the shed.
 In some looms auxiliary nozzles or
relay nozzles are positioned across the
loom to help the weft yarn to cross the
shed.
 Some jet machines make use of water
jets to force the weft through the
shed.

16. Advantages: Disadvantages:
Different advantages of air jet
loom have pointed out in the
following:
1.In case of air jet loom, noise
level is lower than rapier loom
and missile.
2.Normally, standard width of air
jet loom is 190cm.
3.Weft insertion performance is
too much here (normally 600pm).
4.It consumes very low power.
The main disadvantages f air jet
loom are-
1.Broken pick or miss pick has
occurred due to excess air
pressure of main nozzle.
2.In case of air jet loom, pile up
and buckle tip of yarn formed due
to air resistance.
3.Double pick may occur in air
jet loom.
4.Loom of weft yarn along weft
direction formed due to variation
of air pressure.

17. Water Jet
The water jet loom uses water as a weft insertion medium to generate a
frictional traction force on the weft yarn by the jet water flow, so that the
weft yarn on the fixed bobbin is introduced into the shed. The water jet
loom is characterized by high speed and high unit yield, and is mainly
suitable for the production of hydrophobic filament chemical fiber fabric
with smooth surface.

18. Features:
Important features of water jet loom have discussed in the following:
 In case of water jet loom, weft yarn package weight varies 3.6 to 4.1
kg.
 Here, treated water is used by pump nozzle.
 It consumes less power than others.
 Higher number of weft insertion in water jet loom than air jet
loom (normally 600ppm).

19. Advantages: Disadvantages:
The main advantages of water jet
loom are in the below:
1.Water jet loom machine
consumes less power than others.
2.This type of loom is suitable for
producing synthetic fabric.
3.Here, production rate is higher.
4.It creates less noise than rapier
loom and missile.
A few disadvantages of water jet
loom are-
1.By using hard water, here may
form rust on the yarn.
2.It is not perfect for
absorbent fibre such as cotton.

20. References:
Theory:
1. https://bit.ly/2FCTD4N
2. https://bit.ly/3mD41dq
3. https://bit.ly/3myDNc1
4. https://bit.ly/35RqlKd
Video:
1. https://bit.ly/2FQRSk0
2. https://bit.ly/2FOSJlg