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Unit 7; Nutritional consideration in the prevention and management of renal disease, Educational Platform.pptx
1. Nutritional Consideration in the
Prevention and Management of
Renal Disease
1
Imran Waheed
Demonstrator
(INS-KMU)
Applied Nutrition Unit-VII
6/15/2020
2. Objectives
At the end of this presentation the learners will be able to:
๏ถ Identify nutritional risk factors for nephrolithiasis
and renal failure.
๏ถ Discuss the role of a diet in etiology, prevention
and management of nephrolithiasis and renal
failure and during dialysis.
๏ถ Describe the nutritional management in
nephrotic syndrome.
๏ถ Review iron deficiency anemia and Iron sources
since it is common in renal patients.
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3. Risk Factors of Nephrolithiasis
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โข Family or personal history
โข Dehydration
โข Dietโฆโฆ..High in protein, sodium and sugar, high
oxalate containing foods
โข Obesity
โข Certain supplements and medications
5. Contโฆ.
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โข Digestive diseases and surgery. Gastric bypass
surgery, inflammatory bowel disease or chronic
diarrhea can cause changes in the digestive process
that affect your absorption of calcium and water,
increasing the levels of stone-forming substances in
your urine.
โข Other medical conditions. Diseases and conditions
that may increase your risk of kidney stones include
renal tubular acidosis, cystinuria,
hyperparathyroidism, certain medications and some
urinary tract infections.
6. Risk Factors For Renal Failure
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โข Hereditary and genetic factors
โข Obesity
โข Smoking
โข Hypertension
โข Diabetes
โข Urinary tract obstruction (renal stones)
โข Drug induced e.g. Analgesics
8. Care in Diet
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โซLow amounts of protein
โซSufficient calories
โซLow amounts of table salt (i.e. sodium)
โซLow amounts of phosphate
โซLow amounts of potassium
โซVariable amounts of calcium (depending on your
individual needs)
9. Nutritional Management
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Protein:
โข A balanced diet adequate in both energy and protein is
recommended.
โข A very high protein diet may cause tubular damage to the
kidneys as the kidneys will have to filter more of the
proteins.
โข A low protein diet (LPD) of 0.6โ0.8 g/kg/day is often
recommended for the management of Chronic kidney
disease.
11. Protein Sources
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โข Foodstuffs rich in protein are:
โข Cow's milk,
โข Skimmed milk,
โข Eggs,
โข Fish, dry fish, chicken, meat,
โข Cheese made from cow's milk,
โข Pulses and legumes, etc.
12. Dialysis Diet
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โข A dialysis diet is one that is low in sodium,
phosphorous and protein.
โข A dialysis diet stresses the importance of
consuming high-quality protein and limiting
fluids.
โข Some dialysis diets may also call for limited
potassium and calcium.
โข Every person is different, and therefore, a
dietician will work with each patient to come up
with a dialysis diet that is tailored to his or her
needs.
13. Nephrotic Syndrome
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โข Nephrotic syndrome is a renal disease which is
charactarized by high proteinuria,
hypoproteinaemia and generalized edema.
โข Plasma cholesterol is usually increased.
โข Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by
damage to the clusters of small blood vessels
in your kidneys that filter waste and excess
water from your blood.
14. Nutritional Management in Nephrotic
Syndrome
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โข A healthy diet for Nephrotic Syndrome
patients consists of low salt, low fat and low
cholesterol, with emphasis on fruits and
vegetables.
โข The amount of protein and fluid a patient with
Nephrotic Syndrome should have depends on
the patientโs current condition, age and
weight.
15. Contiโฆ
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โข Low sodium (salt) โ helps with swelling in the
hands and legs
โข Lots of fresh fruit and vegetables โ fiber such
as whole grains, fruits and vegetables can help
lower total and LDL cholesterol
โข Low fat (1% or skim) dairy products
โข Lean cuts of meat, less red meat, more
chicken and fish
16. Contiโฆ
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โข SOMETIMES fluids should be restricted, as
determined by a nephrologist
โข SOMETIMES protein levels should be
increased or decreased, as determined by a
nephrologist
โข RARELY should potassium or phosphorous be
restricted, only if kidneys are failing and as
determined by a nephrologist
17. Iron Deficiency Anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body
doesn't have enough iron.
โข Iron is important because it helps you get enough
oxygen throughout your body.
โข Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin is a part of your red blood cells.
Hemoglobin carries oxygen through your body.
โข If you do not have enough iron, your body makes
fewer and smaller red blood cells.
โข Then your body has less hemoglobin, and you
cannot get enough oxygen.
19. References
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โข Flannigan R, Choy WH, Chew B, Lange D. Renal struvite stones--
pathogenesis, microbiology, and management strategies. Nat Rev
Urol. 2014;11:333โ341. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
โข Patient education: dietary and fluid compliance for patients on
hemodialysis. EBSCO Nursing Reference Center website. Available
at: https://www.ebscohost.com/nursing/products/nursing-
reference-center. Accessed June 10, 2020.
โข Kidney failure: Eat right to feel right on hemodialysis. National
Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases website.
Available at: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-
topics/kidney-disease/kidney-failure-eat-feel-right-
hemodialysis/Pages/facts.aspx. Accessed June 11, 2020.
โข Nephrotic Syndrome. The Merck Manuals Online Medical Library.
www.merckmanuals.com Accessed June 12, 2020
20. I have not failed. I've
just found 10,000
ways that won't
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work. Thomas A. Edison