5. First Aid is
The applications which are done without medical equipments or medications in
the case spot for saving life or preventing the situation go worse until the
Emergency Medical Services’ (EMS) help is provided when there’s an accident
or a situation which threatens life occurs.
(Ministry of Health First Aid Guide)
6. Emergency Care
The medical applications which are done by the
medical professionals, require all kinds of medicines
and medical equipments in emergency health care
units.
7. First-aider is
The person who is trained for the
applications which are described in
the first aid guideline.
13. Duties of the First Aider
A
C
Evaluating the condition of the victim
Handling the worries and fears
Priority determination
To lead
Keeping the victim warm
Not to move the victim
Calling EMS
Upgrading the first aid knowledge
14. Features of the Helper
A
C
Introduce yourself, take approval!
Leading
22. Seizures
Electrical discharge
Bleeding
Infection
Intoxication
Between 6 months-6 ages
When the temperature is over 38C.
High fever convulsion Epilepsia
Drug addicts may show clinical features like seizures
23. First Aid For Seizures
Danger !
Call EMS
Keep the head safe
Put the environment away
Don’t try to stop the contractions
Don’t open the jaws
Observe
Colden
Call EMS
High Fever Convulsion
Convulsion
24. Chest Pain
A pain in the middle of the chest which radiates to the
arms, back and neck.
Shortness of breath Moist skin Feeling sick Vomiting
Cardiac Spasm:
Contraction of cardiac vessels
Heart attack:
Obstruction in cardiac vessels
Role of the First-aider:
Semi-sitting position
Call EMS
Observe!
26. Incomplete obstruction
The victim;
Coughs
Can breath
Can talk
Encourage coughing!
Complete Obstruction
The victim;
Can’t breath
Can’t talk
Try to cough but can not
Blushes
Hands on the neck!
27. Back Blow
• Position !
• Try 5 times
• Give it up when he/she can breath.
• If it’s not enough for making the victim breath,
try the Manuever of Heimlich.
28. Manuever of Heimlich
Hold the victim from back
Make him/her lean front
Put your fist below the chest bone
Hold your fist with the other hand
Pull 5 times upwards
If he/she can’t breath try back blow again
If the victim falls unconcious:
Call EMS
Apply BLS
If the obstruction is over, take the victim to hospital
29. Application on Babies
Support the head
Position !
5 times back blow
Push the chest 5 times (like chest
compression; more powerful, slower).
Continue one following the other
If he/she falls unconcious:
Call EMS
BLS
If the obstruction is over take the baby to
hospital
31. Seriousity of Bleeding
Depends on;
• The rate of bleeding
• Body region
• Blood amount
Person’s:
• Physical condition
• Age…
32. Role of the First Aider
A
C
Danger, response, ABC
Call EMS
Tamponade
Arterial pressure
Tourniquet
Elevation, stabilize
Shock position
Observation
33. Tamponade
On the wound:
Cover:
• Sterilize
• Clean
• Other
• Pressure with hand (glove!)
• If going to hospital, wound should be covered
If there’s a foreign body or open fracture, it cannot be applied !!!
39. Fracture
The intactness of the bone is corrupted:
(pain, swelling, colour change, deformation)
Closed fracture Open fracture
• Bleeding
• Paralysis
• Infection
First aid according to the region!
40. Burn
The tissue loss because of heat, radiation,
electric or chemical substances:
Deepness
• 1. degree
• 2. degree
• 3. degree
Width: Region
41. Heat
• 1. degree: Sun Cream
• 2. degree: Don’t pop the bubbles!
• 2. degree: More than 10%, Sensitive region: Call EMS!
• 3. degree: Call EMS!
Danger, response, ABC
Distinguishing!
Strip, cool
Stabilising, elevation
42. Frost Bite
• Sticks
• Sudden deaht
Freezers, car doors
Protect yourself with clothes
Call EMS!
Freezing, hipotermia!
• Warm up slowly
• Dry, closed places
• Wet clothes
• Foil
No movement or massage
Tight jewellery !
43. Responce 1
Touch the patient’s shoulder keeping a
distance of an arm length and shout as,
“Are you OK?”
If he/she responds, talk and help if necessary;
call an ambulance, keep him/her as you’ve
found, observe.
44. Responce 2
If the patient does not response, shout
for help
Open the airway
Airway
Tilt the head and lift the chin
45. Breathing 1
Look, listen and feel for 5-10 seconds
If the breathing is normal; Call EMS
If he/she should be left alone, give recovery position
Observe
46. Circulation 1
If there’s not a normal breathing call an ambulance
Make the patient lie on his/her back on a hard floor
Don’t flex your elbows, the arms should be vertical (90º to
the floor)
On the middle of sternum, Apply chest compression 30
times
Push down 4-5 cm
Continue as 30 massages 2 breaths (=1 tour) (100
massages per min.)
47. Breathing 2
Apply respiratory support (mouth to mouth,
mouth to nose) without losing time
Give air for 1 sec. (Chest movement!)
(% 16 O2)
Watch the chest go down
Repeat ventilation
48. Ending BLS
When normal breathing is observed (No break is given
for controlling)
When the ambulance comes
When the helper is finished...
49. Application on Babies 1
Response is checked from the foot!
Chin upwards without pushing the head back!
Mouth anad nose together!
5 breaths is given.
50. Application on Babies 2
1 inch down the line which connects two nipples
Apply for babies with two fingers, for children with
one/two hands
Chest depth is pressed 1/3 of its width
The rhythm should be 30:2 for both babies and children
Chest Compression:
If the helper is alone:
1 min.of BLS then call an ambulance!
51.
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