The document discusses carbohydrates, which are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides include glucose and galactose and cannot be broken down further. Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides bond, such as sucrose, maltose, and lactose. Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides and include cellulose and chitin. Carbohydrates serve important functions in the body including energy provision, blood glucose regulation, and dietary fiber.

1. MICROBIAL CHEMISTRY(105)
PRESENTATION-01

2. Presented by ID No.
SENTHIA AFROZ :202013031

3. Presentation Topics:
CARBOHYDRATE

4. CARBOHYDRATE
Definition:
Carbohydrates have the general molecular formula CH2O,
and thus were once thought to represent "hydrated carbon".
However, the arrangement of atoms in carbohydrates has little
to do with water molecules.
Starch and cellulose are two common carbohydrates.

5. Function of Carbohydrates:
Carbohydrates have six major
functions within the body:
 Providing energy and regulation of blood
glucose.
 Sparing the use of proteins for energy.
 Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing
ketosis.
 Biological recognition processes.
 Flavor and Sweeteners.
 Dietary fiber.

6. Classification of Carbohydrate

7. Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides are carbohydrates, with the general
formula Cn(H2O)n, that cannot be decomposed to a
simpler carbohydrates by hydrolysis.

8. Monosaccharide

9. Chemical Formula
 With few exceptions (e.g.,
deoxyribose), monosaccharides hav
e this chemical formula: (CH2O)x,
where conventionally x ≥
3. Monosaccharides can be
classified by the number x of carbon
atoms they contain: triose (3), tetrose
(4), pentose (5), hexose (6), heptose
(7), and so on.

10. Examples

11. Glucose
 Glucose, also called dextrose, one of a
group of carbohydrates known as simple
sugars (monosaccharides). Glucose (from
Greek glykys; “sweet”) has
the molecular formula C6H12O6. It is found
in fruits and honey and is the major free
sugar circulating in the blood of higher
animals.

12. Chemical Formula

13. Galactose
 Galactose is a monosaccharide and
has the same chemical formula as
glucose, i.e., C6H12O6. It is similar to
glucose in its structure, differing only
in the position …

15. Disaccharides
 A disaccharide is the sugar formed when two
monosaccharides are joined by glycosidic linkage.
Disaccharides are one of the four chemical groupings of
carbohydrates ( C12H22O11 ).It contains Sucrose,
Maltose, Lactose.
.

16. Sucrose
 Sucrose definition is - a sweet
crystalline dextrorotatory disaccharide
sugar C12H22O11 that occurs
naturally in most plants and is
obtained commercially .

18. Maltose
It is a disaccharide consisting of two linked
glucose units.

19. Lactose
Lactose definition, a disaccharide, C12H22O11, present in milk, that upon
hydrolysis yields glucose and galactose.

20. polysaccharide
 A polysaccharide is a large molecule
made of many smaller monosaccharides.
Monosaccharides are simple sugars, like
glucose. Special enzymes bind these small
monomers together creating large sugar
polymers, or polysaccharides.
A polysaccharide is also called a glycan.
(C6H10O5)n

21. Chemical Structure

23. Cellulose
Cellulose, a complex carbohydrate, or polysaccharide, consisting of
3000 or more glucose units. The basic structural component of plant cell
walls. (C6H10O5)n

24. Chitin
In terms of structure, it resembles cellulose. Chitin is a modified carbohydrate for
containing nitrogen. It is made up of a linear polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine.