3. Rheumatoid arthritis is long term an
autoimmune disease that is characterized by
inflammation of the joints and the subsequent
destruction of cartilage and erosion of the bone
causing deformities.
PREVALENCE – About 0.24 to 1% of Indian
population 75% women
4. Site – small bones of hand affected first .
MCP ,PIP, DIP -90%
Knee , Ankle, Wrist -80%
Shoulder -60%
Elbow-50%
Causes
A. Exact cause is unknown
B. Genetic factors
C. Environmental factors
D. Viral bacterial
E. Smoking
5. Foreign body
Activation of
macrophages
Production of
cytokines
Subchondral bone
destruction
Production of
destructive
enzymes
Pannus formation
Rheumatoid
arthritis
Accumulation of
the inflammatory
cells
Activation of
endothelial cell
Activation of B-
Cell & T-Cell
Formation of
immune complex
Hyper immune
responses in
blood
7.
Articular -
pain
Tender, warm, swollen joints
Decrease range of motion
Morning Joint stiffness
Deformity
Extra articular manifestations
Rheumatoid nodule
Fatigue, fever and loss of appetite
Eyes
Lungs
Heart
Kidneys
Nerve tissue
Bone marrow
Blood vessels
8. Mild Moderate Severe
Joint swelling
Warm
Redness
Pain
Decrease ROM
Tenosynovitis
Less pain
Joint deformity
Muscle contractures
Severe deformity
Joint disorganization
X-ray- not visible X-ray-joint space
narrowing ,cartilage
destruction
X-ray-bone erosion
,joint instability
9. ASSESSMENT –
General examination -
Skin color-
Temperature
Tenderness – Grading
Edema
Posture
Gait analysis
ON EXAMINATION
Pain – VAS Scale
Muscle power -MMT
Joint range of motion –By goniometry
Deformity
Functional test –Balance ,walking,dressing,toileting
10.
11. Your sex. Women are affected more than men
Age. Around 15-50 year old
Family history.
Smoking.
Excess weight.
Unhealthy lifestyle
14. PHYSIOTHERAPY GOALS
Pain control
Improvement in activities of daily living
Improvement in Joint stiffness
Prevent contractures
Improve muscle strength
Improve fatigue levels and functional activity
To correct deformity
Regular basis exercise
To educate the patient (Home exercise )
15. o Cold therapy - cold for acute phase
10-15 min/1-2 times a day
o Heat therapy/PWD - for chronic phase
20-30 min ,1 to 2 times a day
o TENS- 15 min 2 times a day
o Balneotherapy - for 10 min for 3 to 4 weeks
o Mirror Therapy
o Desensitization-
Gentle mobilization -2 times a day
Acupuncture therapy
Prehension tasks
Splint
16. ACUTE STAGE CHRONIC STAGE
Isometric
Range of motion
Mobilization
Pendulum exercise
Strengthening
Range of motion
Resisted exercise
Full body stretching
17. Wrist cock-up splint Ankle foot
orthotics
Figure of 8 ring
Silicon orthotics
Ulnar wrist
orthotics
18. Karati Chauhan; Jagmohan S. Jandu; Mohammed A. Al-Dhahir. Oct 2019 RAAvailable
from:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441999/ (last accessed 23.2.2020)Brosseau
L, Yonge KA, Robinson V, Marchand S, Judd M, Wells G, Tugwell P. Transcutaneous
electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in the hand.
Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews. 2016.
8. Casimiro L, Brosseau L, Welch V, Milne S, Judd M, Wells GA, Tugwell P, Shea B.
Continuous ultrasound to the hand benefits grip strength in people with rheumatoid
arthritis. Cochrane Database for Systematic Revie SARAH Trial Team et Trial Team et al.
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2012
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Questions about
Rheumatoid Arthritis. 2012.
http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Arthritis/arthritis_rheumatic_qa.asp
Welch V, Brosseau L, Casimiro L, Judd M, Shea B, Tugwell P, Wells GA. Thermotherapy
(heat treatment) for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database for Systematic
Reviews. 2011.
Davies S, Williams A, Graham A, Dagg a, Longrigg K, Lyons C, Bowen C. Guidelines for
the management of foot health for people with rheumatoid arthritis. North West Podiatry
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