Social Media for Journalism_Chmelova,Abela_NewMedialit_Bratislava,Slovakia
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Social Media for Journalism_Chmelova,Abela_NewMedialit_Bratislava,Slovakia
- 1. Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBAand FOMPSIM and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship SOCIAL MEDIA FOR JOURNALISTS SOCIAL MEDIA FOR JOURNALISTS Lucia Chmelová / Abraham Abela Lucia Chmelová / Abraham Abela
- 2. If knowledge is power, the web is the greatest tool in the history of the world Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 3. IQ TEST Which is the Biggest News Agency in the World? Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 5. Old vs New Journalism Old: we controlled the information and the publishing platform New: Data is shared, publishing platforms are cheap and ubiquitous and many citizen bloggers cover news on the hottest topics Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 6. Social media - definition Social media is an umbrella term for online tolls and platforms that allow content publishing, information gathering and networking between and by individuals, globally.
- 7. Statistics Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 8. Statistics Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 9. Statistics Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 10. Statistics Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 11. Statistics Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 12. Impact of the net and social media • The journalists are no longer the gatekeepers to information because Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 13. Impact of the net and social media Civic/citizen journalism Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 14. Impact of the net and social media Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 15. Impact of the net and social media First-hand witnesses cannot see the big picture" They're not trained to understand whether what they're seeing is relevant to the big picture or to see what really happens. They're „trained“ to see what they want to see. If you only rely on Twitter or Facebook, you might end up howling with the wolves." Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 16. Impact of the net and social media • Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 17. Impact of the net and social media • Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 18. Impact of the net and social media • Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship Unintended ignorance and oversimplification (ideas, spaces, morals): crossing over, going beyond and changing thoroughly.
- 19. Impact of the net and social media • Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship Unintended ignorance e.g. the media coverage that covered 2 sentences of an entire speech and criticized those statements publicly without allowing the public to hear the speech in it's entirety
- 20. Impact of the net and social media • Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship Unintended oversimplification Everyone else is doing it. Why shouldn't you?
- 21. Impact of the net and social media Different social media have different strengths when it comes to research! Use the right service for the right purpose! Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 22. Social Sites China Qzone Sina Weibo Renren Japan YouTube Facebook Twitter Russia Vkontakte Odnoklassniki Facebook USA, GB, SVK, CZE, NL, PL... Facebook YouTube LinkedIn/ Twitter Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 23. Social Sites Facebook • USA - 2004 • 1,15 mil. users • 700 mil. active users QQ + Q-zone • China • 800 mil. users • 600 mil. active users Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 24. Social Sites Google + • USA – 2011 • 500 mil. users • 360 mil. active users Twitter • USA – 2006 • 560 mil. users • 190 mil. active users Sina weibo • China • 500 mil. users Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 25. Social Sites LinkedIn • USA • 238 mil. users • 180 mil. active users VKontakte • Russia • 239 mil. users • 55 mil. active users Pinterest • 70 mil. users • 12 mil. active users Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 26. Social Sites Instagram • 2010 • 100 mil. active users Flickr • 2004 • 51 mil. users YouTube Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 27. Blogs, Social Sites Transcript Gorilla • owners of Penta vs. high government officials and politicians • sell-out state property + huge kickbacks among politicians • Blogs, sharing photos and Facebook events → protests Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 28. Instagram Instagram Photojournalist • David Guttenfelder • TIME’s Instagram photographer of the year • North Korea, Textile factory Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 29. Social Sites, Hoax Farmville vs. EU • December 2013 • Romanian farmers received money from EU budget • Journalists didn’t verify news • It was hoax Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 30. Twitter Russia vs. Ukraine • Referendum shows 95.5% in favour of joining Russia • Crimea part of Russia • Sergei Aksyonov , the pro-Russian prime minister of Crimea Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by FOPSIM and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 31. Twitter, Facebook Oscar v. Samsung • DeGeneres selfie makes Twitter, Samsung Oscar winners • Record for the most retweeted post ever • 1.9 milion likes on Facebook Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 32. Risk of using social media credibility and reliability of information manipulation of information professional harm (giving personal opinion, not staying impartial) Journalists have to follow a detailed Code of Ethics and respect the law to ensure their professional integrity Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 33. Risk of using social media Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 34. Tips for journalists Be very active writers Join and host the community conversation Use informal language (fear, fun), graphics, Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by FOPSIM and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 35. Tips for journalists Help the community to tell its own stories Build a social network of followers Reputation management Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 36. SMELL Test S stands for Source M is for Motivation E represents Evidence L is for Logic L is for Left out Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by FOPSIM and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 37. Challenges: Challenging prejudice: How? Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 38. Challenges: Isolating or covering extremists? How? Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 39. Challenges: Promoting plurality and tolerance or watch- dog role regardless of....? Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
- 40. Follow-up: Twitter, Facebook, Youtube, ... Leonardo da Vinci Project 2012-2014: New Media Literacy for Media Professionals Partners: SKAMBA (SK), Media21Foundation (BG), FOPSIM (MT) and Videovest (RO). This presentation was prepared by SKAMBA and is free to use under condition of acknowledging authorship
Editor's Notes
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- About old and new journalism and media inform also the research, which refers, how many persent of the people read the newspaper. This research compare two years of reading the newspaper – 2002 and 2012. The percentage of the readers od the newspaper in 2002 were 42%, however in 2012 only 23%. Nowadays the newspaper is not only way of presenting the information, and the main role of the presenting the new took new media, social media http://earthtomedia.wordpress.com/ <číslo>
- Blogging and the eCommunication paradigms: 10 principles of the new media scenario* Jose Luis Orihuela**
- http://scn.sap.com/people/community.user/blog/2008/12/31/knowledge-management-in-crm
- About old and new journalism and media inform also the research, which refers, how many persent of the people read the newspaper. This research compare two years of reading the newspaper – 2002 and 2012. The percentage of the readers od the newspaper in 2002 were 42%, however in 2012 only 23%. Nowadays the newspaper is not only way of presenting the information, and the main role of the presenting the new took new media, social media http://earthtomedia.wordpress.com/ <číslo>
- (socialize.ae)
- http://thenextweb.com/insider/2014/01/08/worldwide-internet-social-media-and-mobile-statistics-dig-into-183-pages-of-data/ <číslo>
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- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_%28communication%29 http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Media,%20Culture%20and%20Society/gatekeeping/ <číslo>
- Civic journalism: Feeds from social networking services such as Facebook and Twitter provide a snapshot of events happening around the world from the viewpoint of first-hand witnesses, and blogs and citizen news sources offer analytical perspectives from the ground faster than print or television can provide will continue to grow with the wider diffusion of web-based social networking and user generated content. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/feb/20/what-effect-internet-on-journalism Emily Bell, director of the Tow Centre for Digital Journalism at Columbia University and former editor of Guardian.co.uk, identifies coverage of the attacks on the World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001 as the incident that foreshadowed how events are covered today. "Linear TV just could not deliver," she says. "People used the web to connect to the experience by watching it in real time on TV and then posting on message boards and forums. They posted bits of information they knew themselves and aggregated it with links from elsewhere. For most, the delivery was crude, but the reporting, linking and sharing nature of news coverage emerged at that moment.„ technology has improved the processes of identifying stories that are newsworthy. Feeds from social networking services such as Facebook and Twitter provide a snapshot of events happening around the world from the viewpoint of first-hand witnesses, and blogs and citizen news sources offer analytical perspectives from the ground faster than print or television can provide <číslo>
- will continue to grow with the wider diffusion of web-based social networking and user generated content. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/feb/20/what-effect-internet-on-journalism Emily Bell, director of the Tow Centre for Digital Journalism at Columbia University and former editor of Guardian.co.uk, identifies coverage of the attacks on the World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001 as the incident that foreshadowed how events are covered today. "Linear TV just could not deliver," she says. "People used the web to connect to the experience by watching it in real time on TV and then posting on message boards and forums. They posted bits of information they knew themselves and aggregated it with links from elsewhere. For most, the delivery was crude, but the reporting, linking and sharing nature of news coverage emerged at that moment.„ technology has improved the processes of identifying stories that are newsworthy. Feeds from social networking services such as Facebook and Twitter provide a snapshot of events happening around the world from the viewpoint of first-hand witnesses, and blogs and citizen news sources offer analytical perspectives from the ground faster than print or television can provide <číslo>
- will continue to grow with the wider diffusion of web-based social networking and user generated content. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/feb/20/what-effect-internet-on-journalism Emily Bell, director of the Tow Centre for Digital Journalism at Columbia University and former editor of Guardian.co.uk, identifies coverage of the attacks on the World Trade Centre on 11 September 2001 as the incident that foreshadowed how events are covered today. "Linear TV just could not deliver," she says. "People used the web to connect to the experience by watching it in real time on TV and then posting on message boards and forums. They posted bits of information they knew themselves and aggregated it with links from elsewhere. For most, the delivery was crude, but the reporting, linking and sharing nature of news coverage emerged at that moment.„ technology has improved the processes of identifying stories that are newsworthy. Feeds from social networking services such as Facebook and Twitter provide a snapshot of events happening around the world from the viewpoint of first-hand witnesses, and blogs and citizen news sources offer analytical perspectives from the ground faster than print or television can provide <číslo>
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_%28communication%29 http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Media,%20Culture%20and%20Society/gatekeeping/ <číslo>
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_%28communication%29 http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Media,%20Culture%20and%20Society/gatekeeping/ <číslo>
- <číslo> in his editorial, Murphie (2006) alludes to frameworking as “blinkers” that “prevent transversal relations… by severely circumscribing a visual field”, the adjustment of which “releases the existing, but blinkered, quantity of transversality”. Like in the old network of news values map (left) shown above, these ‘blinkers’ are dictatorial in that they exert authority over the content in the news and the presence or absence of bias or points of view. I am thus arguing that the new network of news values map (right) removes this aborescent or hierarchical consumption of information from traditional journalistic institutions such as the BBC or CNN to their viewers by allowing for transversality by the production and consumption of information in a more rhizomatic manner akin to Twitter and Vimeo. http://earthtomedia.wordpress.com/ That is not to say that frameworks=bad and transversality=good. As journalist Simon Dumenco (2011) reveals, “Twitter’s apparent reluctance to add an editorial framework — like simple guideposts that would direct users to the most reliable sources of information — has a lot to do with Twitter management’s Stockholm Syndrome relationship with technology”. Transversality in the world of Twitter and similar social media can thus fall prey to technological determinism in ways the traditional news frameworks may not – do we then choose the freedom of expression in an unstable environment or to be cloistered but stable in our information flows? It certainly leaves us which leaves us between a rock and a hard place! Reality – Actual, Potential & Virtual (Wk 5) Posted in Uncategorized with tags Advanced Media Issues, ARTS3091, z3262859 on March 30, 2011 by earthtomedia I like to connect to people in the virtual world, exchanging thoughts and ideas, when in the physical world we might never have the opportunity to cross paths. -Demi Moore Lars von Trier http://earthtomedia.wordpress.com/ If there was a single word to define our existence and behaviour in today’s rapidly modernizing world, it would be ‘trans’. This prefix attaches itself to how we think, act and feel in this 21st century, lending itself to the definition of crossing over, going beyond and changing thoroughly. Transmateriality[i], transversality[ii] and transduction[iii] all form part of this discourse involved with the evolution of media and how it influences and shapes actuality (that which is physically real) and virtuality (that which is physically indefinable) as we know it. As a technologically savvy society that is (over)saturated with media, the boundaries become blurred as to what remains real and what ventures into the realm of virtuality. Taking social networking media such as Facebook as a prime example, it becomes increasingly unnerving that one’s actions on the intangible pedestal that is the world wide web can culminate in such tangible consequences in one’s real lived experiences. By defining ourselves through the information we provide to substantiate our profiles, pictures and statuses that are constantly updated and monitored online, we are inherently shaping our actual lived experiences in the process. In his article “What’s Real about Virtual Reality?”, Frederick Brooks (1999)explains this virtual reality experience as “any in which the user is effectively immersed in a responsive virtual world…[implying the user’s] dynamic control of viewpoint”. This idea of responsiveness and dynamism in the social movements that occur through the mediating technology of Facebook is what the aforementioned ideas of transmateriality, transduction and transversality are all about – individuals across the world responding to global political, economical and social events that have physical manifestations, through the fluid technological fabric of social media that allow them to interact with these events and other individuals in a wholly new and authentic way. Such are the threads of our virtual and mediated existence that in turn colour our daily lives, the latter and former merging cyclically to create the brave new world we live in today. [i] Crossing different physical systems and transforming through material flow. [ii] A notion that describes how spaces intersect and “performs its immanent work connecting ecologies”, which is usually lateral rather than hierarchical (Murphie, 2004, p. 119). [iii] “An operation that allows for a translation of intensities between different domains. This translation of intensities is needed if different domains are to interact” (Murphie, 2004, pp. 119-120). Bibliography Brooks, F. P. (1999, November/December). What’s Real About Virtual Reality? Retrieved March 28, 2011, from Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill: http://www.cs.unc.edu/~brooks/WhatsReal.pdf Murphie, A. (2004). The World as Clock: The Network Society and Experimental Ecologies. Topia: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies. #11, Spring , 117-139. Leave a comment »
- <číslo> http://carm.org/logical-fallacies-or-fallacies-argumentation http://www.humanities360.com/index.php/the-definition-of-ignorance-21566/
- <číslo> Explanation: The causation fallacies known as oversimplification and exaggeration occur whenever the series of actual causes for an event are either reduced or multiplied to the point where there is no longer a genuine, causal connection between the alleged causes and the actual effect. In other words, multiple causes are reduced to just one or a few (oversimplification) or a couple of causes are multiplied into many (exaggeration). Also known as the "reductive fallacy" because it involves reducing the number of causes, oversimplification seems to occur more often, perhaps because there are so many ostensibly good reasons for simplifying things. Well-intentioned writers and speakers can readily fall into the trap of oversimplification if they are not careful. One impetus for simplification is the basic advice given to all who want to improve their writing style: don't get bogged down in details. Good writing needs to be clear and precise, thus helping people to understand an issue rather than confusing them even more. In the process, however, a writer can easily leave out too many details, omitting critical information which needs to be included. Explanation of the Circumstantial ad hominem It is can be common to try to dismiss an argument by attacking an entire class of people who presumably accept that argument. Because this attempted rebuttal addresses the circumstances of those who hold the position rather than the quality of the argument itself, it is called the circumstantial ad hominem. This is a fallacy because the identity or nature of a group of people who accept the conclusion of an argument has no bearing on whether that conclusion is true or not. It has no bearing on whether the argument is valid or sound. The Circumstantial ad hominem fallacy takes the following form: 1. Of course X argues/thinks that way - just look at the circumstances surrounding X. Like all of the other ad hominem fallacies, the circumstantial ad hominem is a very weak way to make a case. As a consequence, it is reasonable to conclude that someone who offers it probably doesn't have a very strong position to begin with. http://atheism.about.com/od/logicalfallacies/a/Circumstantial-Ad-Hominem-Fallacy.htm
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatekeeping_%28communication%29 http://www.utwente.nl/cw/theorieenoverzicht/Theory%20clusters/Media,%20Culture%20and%20Society/gatekeeping/ <číslo>
- <číslo> Which Social Media Should I Use? | Business Marketing Miser Advisor cherylsmithspeaker.com1006 × 675Hľadať podľa obrázka Achieving a high level of sales and marketing success from social media; however, means knowing which option to use and how to use it.
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- Social networks The most popular social networks in the world are Facebook, QQ + Q-zone. Facebook is an online social networking service. It is an effective way for building longer-term relationships to many people with knowledge relevant to your journalistic work. It was created in 2004 in USA and now Facebook has 1.15 billion users, of which 700 millions are active users. The most widespread social networking in China is Q-zone. Its success is achieved mostly because of Facebook censorship. About censure in the space of social networking we will talk later. <číslo>
- Other favourite social networks are Google+, Twitter and Sina weibo. Google+ is a social networking and identity service owned and operated by Google Inc. Google has described Google+ as a "social layer" that enhances many of its online properties, unlike conventional social networks generally accessed through a single website. It has approximately 359 million active users. As of May 2013, it had a total of 500 million registered users. Twitter is a platform – microblogging service – for sending and reading short text messages – up to 140 characters, known as "tweets". Therefore it is called as “the SMS of the Internet.” Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey. The service rapidly gained worldwide popularity – there were more than 500 million registered users in 2012. There are over 1.6 billion search queries per day. Sina Weibo is a Chinese microblogging (weibo) website. It is hybrid of Twitter and Facebook and it is one of the most popular sites in China. It was launched in 2009 and has 503 million registered users. <číslo>
- LinkedIn is a social networking website for people in professional occupations. It is mainly used for professional networking. It is platform, which is used by employers who are seeking employees and on the other hand, by people who are looking for a better job. LinkedIn was established in December 2002. As of June 2013, LinkedIn reports more than 225 million acquired users in more than 200 countries and territories. VKontakte is a Russian social network that lets you share any content: music, movies, data regardless of author´s rights. Like other social networks, VK allows users to message contacts publicly or privately, create groups, public pages and events, share and tag images, audio and video, and play browser-based games. Visually reminds Facebook. The paradox is that the social network VKontakte is used by musicians, authors and artists to disseminate and promote their new products. In Russia, it’s one of the most visited sites. In January 2014 – VK had at least 239 million accounts and had an average of 55 million daily users. Pinterest is a visual discovery tool that people use to collect ideas for their different projects and interests. People create and share collections (called “boards”) of visual bookmarks (called “Pins”). Images are usually inspiring and motivating in excellent quality. Pictures bring inspirational ideas for creation and creative design. <číslo>
- The last three social networks that I want to mention are YouTube, Instagram and Flickr. YouTube, as we all know, is used to share videos and movies. Instagram is an online photo-sharing, video-sharing and social networking service that enables its users to take pictures and videos, apply digital filters to them, and share them on a variety of social networking services, such as Facebook, Twitter and Flickr. A distinctive feature is that it confines photos to a square shape, similar to Polaroid images, in contrast to the 16:9 aspect ratio now typically used by mobile device cameras. Instagram was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger and launched in October 2010. The service rapidly gained popularity, with over 100 million active users as of April 2012. And Flickr – is an image and video hosting website created in 2004. In addition to being a popular website for users to share and embed personal photographs, and effectively an online community, the service is widely used by photo researchers and by bloggers to host images that they embed in blogs and social media. Yahoo reported in June 2011 that Flickr had a total of 51 million registered members and 80 million unique visitors. In August 2011 the site reported that it was hosting more than 6 billion images and this number continues to grow steadily according to reporting sources. <číslo>
- Transcript Gorilla Gorilla is a cover name of the action which giving rise to transcripts of conversations between one of the owners of Penta and high government officials and politicians. This transcript is about sell-out state property and says about huge kickbacks among politicians. It was published anonymously and it was sent anonymously to Slovak mass media. At the same time, transcript was published on the Internet, where a lot of Slovaks can read it. Of course - transcript generated a major backlash. On Facebook there were established groups to support the protest. Several blogs argued against this topic and people actively wrote tweets about events and protests. There were organized protests in several cities in Slovakia. These protests, like during the Arab Spring, were organized through social networks mainly. Amount of photomontages and parodied committed Members of Parliament with the motive of gorilla involved the theme alive for a long time. Despite the protests, which were several times and in several cities in Slovakia, the debate gradually fell silent. Although the investigation is still ongoing, after the elections Gorilla lost. Over the protests journalists (especially investigative journalists) and also bloggers and people who actively discussing and writing played important role. Whether they were writing on Facebook or in print media. If they weren’t, the true was in somewhere in dust. And politicians would live with their secrets. <číslo>
- Istagram is a great opportunitz for the photojournalist to show thez experience with the realitz and bring the news througt the photos to the worls. Istagram give them place to show their news, show their photos. David Guttenfelder, an Associated Press photographer and seven-time World Press Photo award winner, named TIME's Instagram photographer of the year. In 2013, on assignment for the AP, Guttenfelder traveled to North Korea, where his Instagram photography offered a rare glimpse into the inner life of a nation normally obscured from public view. He has also photographed the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines as well as quaint pastoral scenes from rural America. In this photograph, Guttenfelder captures a group of North Korean seamstresses at the Sonbong Textile Factory inside the Rason Special Economic Zone. "Nobody knows anything about [North Korea] and what it looks like," Guttenfelder told TIME of his tenure. "I feel like there's a big opportunity and a big responsibility." <číslo>
- Farmville There was a report in media in December 2013 that Romanian farmers were receiving money from EU budget for three years thanks to breeding the cows in FB game Farmville. They had 1860 cows and were receiving for each of them from 100 to 150 Euros per piece. Altogether they received 500 000 Euros from Brussels. The officers realised this mistake later and requested money back. The farmers defended themselves that nowhere was written that had to be real. This message was in several media. This hoax (false information) confirmed how quickly the journalists accept unchecked information from web. Web is a great space for finding interesting information to publication, but on the other side there is a risk, that the information found by the journalist is not correct. It is important to check the information and not trust everything that is shared on social networks. <číslo>
- Crimea voted to secede from Ukraine in a referendum that most of the world has condemned as illegal. Early results – when 50% of the votes were counted – showed that 95.5% of ballots were in favour of joiningRussia. "Results of the referendum in Crimea clearly showed that residents of Crimea see their future only as part of Russia," Sergei Neverov was quoted as saying. The White House said that Obama "emphasised that Russia's actions were in violation of Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity and that, in co-ordination with our European partners, we are prepared to impose additional costs on Russia for its actions". About all this situation wrote not only newspaper, but first, which were referred about Crimea were social media. Not only journalist but also the people, citizens from Crimea. The information about situation spread all over the world and the main channels for extending were social media. <číslo>
- Samsung Electronics spent an estimated $20 million on ads to run during breaks in the Academy Awards broadcast on Sunday night. But Samsung may have got more promotional mileage from Oscars host Ellen DeGeneres during the show itself. Having products appear in a program—product placement—has been a part of the TV business since the early days of the medium. Allen Adamson, managing director at Landor Associates, a branding firm owned by WPP PLC about this viral ad says: "It was a great plug for the Samsung brand. Ellen's selfie is going to be more impactful than their (Samsung) commercials. You can't buy that magic of going viral," <číslo>
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- In other words, information from social media have to be treated with caution. Double-check, phone up main exchange numbers to see if the person works where you think they do, and always try to get hold of a person straight away. If you’re using email to try to reach a person, bear in mind that it is fairly easy to spoof an email address. That means that an email address is made to seem as if it’s from an official sender despite being sent from another. How to detect fake identity: Check if a social media account has a link to an official page. Read through the archived feeds. Check how many followers the account has. Too many? Check how many posts have been made on the account previously. Check if the person responds to questions. Check the personal posts in the past. <číslo>
- BE SOCIAL:People will not be starting helping you with research as soon as you turn up on Twitter and start asking for information - in order to get something you have to give something in return. This is not about money, but about the social side of it. Visitors are happy to help people they know and have a connection with. It is also easier to assess the source value of people you have been following for some time. Social media work therefore has to be long term. ASK QUESTIONS:A lot of your colleagues use social media in their work - ask them about it. You can also get good help within the media itself - tweeters, for instance, are often very helpful. If you are new to a social media service, it can be a good idea to take it easy. Begin by listening and looking around, follow people you’re interested in, learn the platform /forum. Once you feel more at home you can become more active. DONT IGNORE COMMENT SECTION: Follow-ups and news tip-offs can be found there! And don’t be afraid of using the comments section actively. Often it’s a good idea to ask questions directly in the text of the article. If you then read your comments actively, replying to questions, you can get quite a bit of help with cases, follow-ups, interviewees and new ideas. SHARE YOUR COLLEAGUES:Don’t forget to pass tip-offs on to colleagues if something turns up that might interest them. A post that is of little interest to your department might be just the thing another department has been looking for. <číslo>
- BE SOCIAL:People will not be starting helping you with research as soon as you turn up on Twitter and start asking for information - in order to get something you have to give something in return. This is not about money, but about the social side of it. Visitors are happy to help people they know and have a connection with. It is also easier to assess the source value of people you have been following for some time. Social media work therefore has to be long term. ASK QUESTIONS:A lot of your colleagues use social media in their work - ask them about it. You can also get good help within the media itself - tweeters, for instance, are often very helpful. If you are new to a social media service, it can be a good idea to take it easy. Begin by listening and looking around, follow people you’re interested in, learn the platform /forum. Once you feel more at home you can become more active. DONT IGNORE COMMENT SECTION: Follow-ups and news tip-offs can be found there! And don’t be afraid of using the comments section actively. Often it’s a good idea to ask questions directly in the text of the article. If you then read your comments actively, replying to questions, you can get quite a bit of help with cases, follow-ups, interviewees and new ideas. SHARE YOUR COLLEAGUES:Don’t forget to pass tip-offs on to colleagues if something turns up that might interest them. A post that is of little interest to your department might be just the thing another department has been looking for. <číslo>
- Source It’s essential to know who is providing the information you want to check for reliability. That’s because humans are incapable of objectivity. Even journalists suffer from biases—conscious and unconscious—arising from their gender, generation, geography, race and class. As Nelson Mandela has observed, “where you stand depends on where you sit.” Bias begins with self-interest. We may think of ourselves as honest as a nun in a confessional booth. But we are all self-interested information providers. For instance, when a cop asks how fast you were going, do you fess up—or provide a discounted estimate? Quality news organizations can mute, but not moot, a reporter’s biases with a diverse staff. But media often impose their own self-interested bias, a commercial bias. Such a slant may take the form of sensation displacing substance, pandering to audience prejudices, avoiding content embarrassing to major sponsors, or shaping news to attract those demographics that advertisers covet—upscale 18- to 54-year-olds—and shunning stories about younger, older and poorer members of the community. Or it could be “churnalism,” cheaply assembled content suggested—and often supplied—by PR agents, but disguised as news. It’s useful to vet sources—both of information and those quoted within content—by placing them on a mental PIE chart. The P stands for Proximity—is the information first-hand or hearsay? The I is for Independence. Is the source free from conflicts of interest? And the E represents Expertise, either from long experience or specialized study. What if you can’t identify an information source? Or it has a vague name wrapped in stars and stripes, like “Citizens for American Progress?” Legitimate information sources will always disclose who they are. On the web, they will have an “about us” link to help you assess their independence and expertise. If the producer of the content isn’t identified, believe nothing from it. Within articles, be skeptical of anonymous sources. Their lack of accountability encourages unreliability. Motivation The source’s motivation matters because if the purpose is persuading rather than informing, we should raise our skepticism shields. Those hoping to sell us on a viewpoint, a product, or a candidate are likely to cherry-pick only those facts that support their purpose. Unethical persuaders spread half-truths and sometimes outright lies. How do you distinguish between persuaders and informers? Informers attribute every assertion of fact that’s not based on common knowledge or the author’s direct observation to a source identified fully enough for the audience to apply the PIE test. Informers practice fairness—dispassionately presenting all relevant sides to an issue in a context that aids audience understanding. Except possibly for empathy, the presentation is unemotional (anger, fear, titillation). No judgment of right or wrong is proffered. No action is called for. Informers are faithful to evidence rather than ideology. They avoid sweeping generalizations. They practice transparency (explaining how they know what they claim to know and warning about what they don’t). They call attention to their errors. Evidence Whenever we hear a new assertion about what’s real or true, we should ask: How do you know that? Trustworthy information providers should attempt to confirm or verify at least the most consequential or controversial claims of their sources. That requires finding at least one other source, independent of the first and with an acceptable PIE score, who provides a similar description of an event. If the evidence supplied falls short or appears suspect, you can use the web to check fact-claims yourself. Just enter the claim in a search engine. Or use Facebook to ask for help from friends with greater expertise. Logic The fundamental question here is, does this make sense: externally—in light of everything else I know, and internally—is the evidence provided within the report adequate to support the conclusions reached? Obviously, the more you know, the better your answer to the first question will be. That’s why it’s important to keep up with news from reliable sources. Information that jars you, or that’s “too good to be true,” should arouse suspicion. Failures of internal logic common to news reports include: anecdotes presented as proof of trends; innuendo—suggesting conclusions that stretch beyond the evidence presented; and flawed comparisons, e.g., likening Saddam Hussein to Adolph Hitler. Left Out Omission and marginalization are among the most powerful and subtle means of introducing bias because we tend to notice only what’s emphasized. It’s helpful to look online for reports from alternative sources—especially those that differ by gender, generation, geography, race or class—that might present a different take on the same story. Often missing facts are linked to missing stakeholders. The least powerful are most likely to be overlooked. A former journalist, professor, and now an author, John McManus founded a consumer report for San Francisco Bay Area journalism, GradeTheNews.org, at Stanford. His most recent book is “Don’t Be Fooled: A Citizen’s Guide to News and Information in the Digital Age.” His books have twice won the annual research award of the Society of Professional Journalists. http://www.ejc.net/magazine/article/dont_be_fooled_use_the_smell_test_to_separate_fact_from_fiction_online/ <číslo>
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