Disaster management

1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
BY:
SAYANTANI MONDAL
M.Sc. NURSING 1st YEAR STUDENT
COLLEGE OF NURSING
INSTITUTE OF PSYCHIATRY, COE, KOLKATA

4. A. Natural Disaster
Disaster caused by natural
phenomenon.

5. 1. Meteorological Disaster
Disaster can be caused by extreme weather,
destructive to the environment .
e.g. Storm, cyclones, hurricanes, tornadoes,
typhoons, cold spiels, heat waves.

6. 2. Typological Disaster
This is the secondary effect of meteorological
disaster.
e.g. Avalanches

7. 3. Biological Disaster
It refers to calamity caused by the exposure of
living organisms of germs & toxic substances
& cause spread of a diseases.
e.g. plague, cholera, swine flu, dengue.

8. B. Manmade Disasters
It is caused by humans, involves an element of
human intent, negligence or error, or
involving a failure of a man made system.

9. 1. Civil Disturbances
When the destructive effects of man made
forces overwhelmed the ability of given area
or community to meet their demand
e.g. Riot

10. 2. Warfare
Military operations between enemies &
activities involved with violence .
e.g. War between two countries.

11. 3. Non Conventional Warfare
Attempting to achieve victory indirectly
through a proxy force.
e.g. Nuclear, Biological, Chemical warfare,
Terrorism.

12. 4. Accident
Unplanned & unexpected events suddenly
cause injury or loss, which decrease
involve of resources.
e.g. Collapse of building

13. 5. Technological Failure Disaster
Caused by malfunctioning of a technology
system & leads to injury or loss.
e.g. Mishap in nuclear power station, leak of
dangerous gas etc.

14. Mixed Disaster
Caused by both human and natural cause.

15. Telluric & Tectonic Disaster
Result from telluric current & tectonic activities
It can result from both natural causes &
human activity.
e.g. Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcanic Eruption.

17. Disaster Agent
• Primary Agent :
This includes falling buildings, heat, wind, rising
water & smoke.
• Secondary Agents :
This includes bacteria & virus that produce
contamination or infection the primary agent
has caused injury or destruction.

18. Host
• Human Kind
• Age, sex, immunization status, pre-existing
health, degree of mobility, emotional
stability.

19. Environment
• Physical factors ; This includes the weather conditions.
Availability of food & water & the functioning of
utilities such as electricity & telephone service.
• Chemical Factors : This includes leakage of stored
chemicals into the air, soil, ground water or food
supplies.
• Biological Factors :This include a contaminated water
improper waste disposal, insect or rodent proliferation,
improper food storage or lack of refrigeration owing to
interrupted electrical services.
• Social Factors : These are those that contribute to the
individual’s social support system, loss of family
members, changes in roles, religious beliefs etc.
• Psychological Factor : These are distress of victim to
the disaster site.

20. PHASES OF DISASTER
POST IMPACT
PHASE
PRE IMPACT
PHASE
IMPACT
PHASE

21. PRE IMPACT PHASE
It is the initial phase of the disaster, warning is
given prior to the actual occurrence.
Emergency centered are opened & proper
communication via radio & television must
be done to educate to community.

22. IMPACT PHASE
This occurs at the time of disaster. The impact
phase continues until the threat of further
destruction has passed & the emergency plan
is in effect. Emergency operation centre
(EOC) has been established.

23. POST IMPACT PHASE
Recovery beings during the emergency phase &
end with return of normal community order
& functioning. For persons, in the impact
area this phase lasts a lifetime. (e.g. Victims
of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima)

24. Principles of Disaster Management
• Prevent the occurrence of the disaster
whenever possible.
• Plan for Triage.
• Minimize the number of casualties if the
disaster cannot be prevent.
• Prevent further casualties from occurring
after the initial impact of the disaster.
• Rescue the victims.
• Provide first aid.
• Evacuate the injured to medical facilities.
• Provide definitive medical care.
• Promote reconstruction of life.

25. TRIAGE
• The word ‘Triage’ means “storing (goods)
according to quality”
• Triage is a process of quickly examining sick
or injured people; so that those people who
are in most serious condition can treated
first.

26. PURPOSE OF TRIAGE
• To assign priority of medical treatment based
on urgency, chance for survival etc.
• To set a system based on available resource,
manpower etc.
• To prioritize (Patient, Problems etc).

29. DISASTER NURSING
• Disaster nursing can be defined as the
adaption of professional nursing skills in
recognizing & meeting the physical health
and emotional needs of the affected
community resulting from a disaster.

31. Role of Nurse in Pre Impact Phase
1. Assessment
• Risk assessment & analysis.
• Previous disaster.
• Local climate conductive to disaster formation.
• The magnitude.
• The coping strategies of the locals.
• Current community disaster plan.
• Health personal available.
• Health facilities available.
• Local agencies & organization.

32. 2. Diagnosis :
• Diagnosis community disaster threat.
• Determine the actual & potential disaster threats.
• Effectiveness of community based disaster .
• Community awareness.
• Community participation.
3. Risk of Reduction:
• Avoid the risk.
• Reduce the like hood of the occurrence.
• Reduce the consequence.
• Accept/Retain the risk.

33. 4. Personal Preparedness:
• Capacity building.
• Readiness to work in the multidisciplinary
team.
• Knowledge about community.
• Types of disaster &it’s management.
• Certified first aider & CPR.
• Knowledge about policies & protocols
• Communication skills.

34. 5. ProfessionalPreparedness:
• Prepared disaster preparedness written plan.
• Control Room .
• Rapid Response Team .
• License & health resources.
• Personal equipment , such as a stethoscope a flash &
extra batteries, cash , weather, appropriate & disaster
appropriate costumes, Record keeping material, Pocket
– sized reference book.
• Disaster management committee information &
communication.
• Use of personal protective devices.
• Unity of command with mobile van .
• Standard operating protocol.

35. 6. Disaster Management Plan Activation :
• Develop a standard operating procedure .
• Reception at Disaster Control room.
• Triage system.
• Documentation at control room
• Public relation.
• Crowed management.

36. 7. Community Preparation
• Education .
• First aid Programme.
• Emergency telephone number .
• Battery operated radio.
• Flash light .
• First aid kit.
• Three day supply of water
• Persons to be notified in emergency.

37. Role of Nurse in Impact Phase
1. Determination of Disaster Impact :
• Determine magnitude of the event.
• Define health needs of the affected group .
• Establishing priorities.
• Identify actual & potential public health
problems.
• Determine resource needed to respond.
• Collaborate with other professional
governmental & non –governmental agencies .
• Communication.

38. 2. Response to Alert :
• Information to supervisor & preparation of
mobile van.
• Communication with multidisciplinary team.
• Search, rescue & First aid .
• Distribution of work & responsibilities with
the team mates.

39. 3. Field Care :
• Training & tagging the victim.
• Care for injured personal.
• Referral services.
• Effective communication
• Arranging for physical facilities for the victim
• Utilization of available resource .
• Psychological support.
• Life saving measure, first aid.
• Evacuation & supply of food, water, medicine &
communication.
• Infection control.
• Encourage ventilation.
• Psychological support.
• Crisis intervention.

40. Role of Nurse in Post Impact Phase
1. Safety :
• Control of vectors.
• Vaccination.
• Counseling.
2. Rehabilitation :
• Setting up for shelter
• Food & water supply.
• Education & Training of people & volunteers.

41. 3. Psychological Support :
• Acute stress reduction.
• Care for post traumatic stress disorder.
• Care of depressive disorder.
• Care for adjustment disorder.
• Care for acute psychosis.
• Care for anxiety disorder.
• Behavior modification
• Crisis intervention.

43. CYCLONE IS METEROLOGIC TYPE OF DISASTER.
A. TRUE
B. FALSE

44. BEING A DISASTER MANAGEMENT NURSE, IN
WHICH CATEGORY OF TRIAGE YOU WILL
CATEGORISE A HOPELESSLY INJURED
PATIENT?
A. GREEN
B. BLACK

45. BEING A DISASTER MANAGEMENT NURSE,
WHAT YOU WILL DO IN THE IMPACT PHASE
OF DISASTER?