Compiled By: Mr. Ashish Roy

1. MEDICAL SURGICAL -II
UNIT NO. XI
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
IN NURSING
COMPILED BY -
Mr. Ashish Henjali Roy
B.Sc Nursing(Nursing Tutor)
Savitri Hospital And Paramedical
Institute,Gorakhpur,UttarPradesh.

2. Definition
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a
society causing widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected
community or society to cope using its own resources.

3. WHO Definition:
An occurrence of a severity and magnitude that normally
results in death, injuries and property damage that cannot be
managed through the routine procedure and resources of
government.

4. Emergency management/ disaster
management
 Discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks
 It is a discipline that involves preparing for disaster before it
happens, disaster response(emergency evacuation ,
quarantine, etc.) as well as supporting and rebuilding society
after natural or human made disasters.

5. Cont.…
 Continuous process by which all individuals, groups and
communities, manage hazards in an effort to avoid and
ameliorate the impact of disaster resulting from hazards.

6. TYPES OF DISASTERS
1. Natural
 Earthquake
 Tsunami
 Volcanic eruption
 Snow storm / avalanche
 Lightning
 Windstorm Thunderstorm
 Hailstorm Tornado
 Cyclone/ Hurricane
 Asteroid impact
 Flood
 Dust-storm
 Drought

7. Cont.…
2. Human- Influence

8. Cont.…

9. Cont.…
4. Some natural influence
 Crop disease
 Insect infestation
 Forest fire
 Mangrove decline
 Coral reef decline
 Acid rain
 Ozone depletion

10. Cont.…
5. Human
 Armed conflict
 Land mines
 Major (air, sea, land) traffic accidents
 Nuclear / chemical accidents
 Oil spill
 Water / soil / air pollution
 Groundwater pollution
 Electrical power breakdown

12. Phases Of Disaster Management
Phase I: Mitigation
 Attempt to prevent hazards from developing into disasters or to
reduce the effect of disaster when they occur.
 Focuses on
 long term measures for reducing/eliminating risks
 Most cost effective
Types of mitigation:
I. Structural mitigation
II. Non-Structural measures

13. Cont.…
Mitigation Activities:
• Identification of risks
• Catastrophe modeling tools

14. Cont..
•Personnel activities in mitigation:

15. Cont…
•Phase II –Disaster Preparedness
 Focuses on preparing equipment, procedure
 Development of volunteer response capability
among civilian population
 Causality prediction

16. Cont.… Phase II
Development of emergency plan of action
 Communication plans with easily understandable terminology
 Practice of multi-agency co-ordination
 Proper maintenance and training of emergency services
 Rehearsal of emergency evacuation plans
 Development and exercise of emergency preparedness warning
system and evacuation plans
 Stockpiling, inventory and maintenance of supplies

17. Phase III – Disaster response
 Determined by the level of disaster.
 Mobilization of emergency services
 Well rehearsed emergency plan a prerequisite
 On a personal front it may be evacuation or home
confinement.

18.  Starts immediately after the immediate threat to life has
subsided
 Aim is to restore the affected area to its previous state
 Involves rebuilding destroyed property, reemployment and
the repair of infrastructure.
 Implementation of mitigative efforts

19. DISASTER SERVICES
Triage in disaster:
 Separates those who need rapid medical care to save life or
limb.
 It reduces the burden on the medical facilities
 It provides for equitable and rational distribution of
causalities among the available hospitals.

20. Category Priority Color Conditions
Immediate 1 Red Sucking chest wound, airway
obstruction
Delayed 2 Yellow stable abdominal wounds, soft
tissue injuries
Minimal 3 Green Upper extremity fracture, small
lacerations,
Expectant 4 Black Unresponsive patients with
penetrating head injury, wound
involving multiple sites

21. The Indian scenario
National Disaster Management Authority Of India
Disaster risk in India:
 Vulnerable
 58.6%landmass prone to earthquakes of moderate to very severe
intensity.
 40 million hectare (12%of land ) prone to floods and river erosion
 Of the 7,516 km long coastline,5,700 prone to cyclones, tsunamis
 68%cultivable land prone to draught
 Hilly areas at risk of avalanches and landslides

22. Cont.…
 Vulnerable to nuclear, biological ,and chemical warfare.
 Compounded by ever-growing population, vast disparity of
income, rapid urbanisation, development within high-risk
zones, environment degradation, climate change

23. Disaster management initiatives in India
High powered committee(HPC)
 First initiative, Aug 1999 under JC Pant
 Prepared comprehensive model for disaster management at
national, state and district levels
National Committee on Disaster Management
 Initiated after the Gujarat Earthquake under the
chairmanship of the PM of India

24. Disaster Management Act 2005
 Holistic management of disaster
 Dec 23,2005
 Accordingly NDMA setup at New Delhi under
the PM
 Responsible for laying down policies and
guidelines for Disaster management, ensuring
timely and effective response coordination,
enforcement and implementation of policy and
plans
 Is evolving a National policy on Disaster
management

25. The systematic and flexible utilization of knowledge and
skills specific to disaster related nursing and the promotion
of a wide range of activities to minimize health hazards
and life threatening damage caused by disaster in
collaboration with other specialized fields

26. OBJECTIVES:
 To effectively reduce the Impact of the disaster on human
life and health.
 To participate in the coordinated efforts of all groups to
reduce loss of life, property. damage, social and economic
disruption and
 To initiate rehabilitation.

27. Role of the nurse
In Disaster preparedness:
 Facilitate preparation within the community
 Initiate and update disaster plan
 Update record of vulnerable population
 Check availability of resources in case of disaster.
 Assess and report environmental health hazards.

28. In Disaster response:
 Member of the assessment team
 Feeding back
 Facilitate rapid rescue
 Recovery
 Ongoing assessment and surveillance

29. Cont.…
In Recovery:
 Hygiene and immunization
 Referral to mental health professionals
 Assessment for environmental hazards
 Assessment for faulty conditions facilitating future
disasters.
 Case finding and referrals

30. Common Psychological complications due to Disaster:
 Organic ,mental disorder secondary to head injury ,toxins
,illness, dehydration
 Acute stress disorders
 Adjustment disorders
 Substance abuse
 PTSD(Post traumatic stress disorder)
 Generalized anxiety disorder
 Behavioral responses like family violence.

31. Role of nurse -psychological stress of disaster
victims
 Nursing assessment
 Assess for high risk
o Those who have lost one or more family members
o Those with serious injuries
o Those with previous history of psychiatric illness
o Those who have lost home or possession
o People on fixed family income
o Elderly, minority or without adequate support system
,

32. Cont.…
 Identification of victims behavior
 Perception of events
 Support systems & coping mechanisms
 Identification of negative feelings

33. Nursing interventions in Disaster
management:
 Tailored to the community served.
 Appropriate to the stage of emotional response
 Should work with families or group of families
 Survivor should feel “valued”
 Do not give false reassurances.

34. Cont.…
 Keep families together especially parents and children
 Remove panic stricken people from main group
 Keep people in group
 Assignee small supervised tasks
 Increase awareness of what has happened
 Do not isolate
 Explore provisions for reconstruction of life style

35. Cont.…
 Assist in contact with friends
 Give information about social, financial, health resources.
 Establish and maintain communication network
 Prevent /reduce rumors
 Encourage sharing of information

36. Specific interventions to reduce stress in crisis of Disaster:
 Education
 Crisis intervention
 Problem solving
 Advocacy
 Referrals

37. ;) THANKYOU SO MUCH FOR
YOUR CAREFULL LISTENING
AND
KIND ATTENTION !!! ;)