This presentation is brief information about how is climate change contributing to the water scarcity and what can be the Adaptive measures.

1. Water Scarcity Induced by
Climate Change and its
Adaptive Measures
Presentation By:
Saugat Sharma Paudel
Rashil Maharjan

2. ○ Climate change as a Hydrologic Change
○ Climate change impact on water resources
○ Climate change resilience and adaptation
○ Adaptation Measures
Outline of the Presentation
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3. Climate change refers
to a change in the state
of the climate that can
be identified (e.g., by
using statistical tests)
by changes in the mean
and/or the variability of
its properties and that
persists for an extended
period, typically
decades or longer.
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4. More rain and less
snow. Snow melts
sooner in Spring
Earlier spring runoff.
Larger flood peaks. Less
summer stream flow.
Smaller headwater
stream networks
More evapotranspiration.
Drier vegetation and soils.
More frequent and severe
droughts. Increased
wildfires and area burned.
Reduced stream flows.
Sea level rises. More
coastal erosion.
Saltwater intrusion into
coastal freshwater
aquifers. Sea water
acidification.
More intense storms
with more flooding and
extreme winds
Glaciers are reduced or
eliminated. Increased
high elevation erosion.
Less precipitation in
some areas, more in
other areas. Greater
interannual variability
Water in streams and
lakes becomes warmer.
Increased reliance on
groundwater for basic
supply.
Climate change is hydrologic change
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(Huntington, 2006)

5. Climate change amplifies risks we already face, and have faced for many years:
○ Drought
○ Flood
○Water supply shortages and distribution (Quantity)
○Poor water quality
○ Disrupted watershed processes
○ And so on
Water scarcity = an excess of water demand over available supply
Climate change impacts on water resources
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6. Climate change, Hazard and impact on drinking water sector
Climate Effect Hazard Impact on Drinking water Sector
Decrease in Precipitation Drought Reduction in raw water supplies, reduced flow in
river, increased concentration of pollutants in water,
decrease in spring source quality. Reduced ability to
dilute effluent.
Increase in Precipitation Flooding Pollution of wells, inundation of wells, inaccessibility
of water sources, flooding of latrines, damages to
infrastructures, landslides around sources,
sedimentation and turbidity, sewage contamination
Increase in temperatures Melting and Thawing of
glaciers, snow, sea ice
and frozen ground
Seasonality of river flows affected leading to a
reduction in water availability in summer.
Sea Level rise Saline Intrusion into
freshwater aquifers
Reduction in availability of drinking water. Saline
intrusion impacts on water quality.
Source: Strategic framework WASH climate resilient development

7. Increase in temperature
increases the growth of
life threatening
pathogens.
The rate of pathogen
increment is magnified
when the Water Supply
Infrastructure are poorly
managed and isn’t taken
care of.
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IPCC 2008

8. Building Water Resource Resilience Against Climate Change
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2
5
1Forecast
Forecasting Climate
Change Impacts
Evaluating
Interventions on
Water Resource
Development
Assessing the
Vulnerability on
Water Resources
Development &
Implementation of CC
and Water Resource
Adaptation Plan
Evaluating Impacts of
Adaptation measures.
Improving Quality of
Activities
Resilience
Building
Steps

9. Adaptation Classification
Based on intent /purposefulness
Autonomous Adaptation - Underground Water Tanks
Planned Adaptation - Activities Based on NAPA, LAPA
Based on timing
Anticipatory adaptation - Protection Dams on Lakes
Reactive Adaptation - Raised Platform Well
Based on Agents
Private Adaptation-Household Tank
Public Adaptation-Source Protection
Based on Temporal Scope
Short-Run Adaptation-Tanker
Long-Run Adaptation-Melamchi

10. Adaptation measures - Management of water resources
Some potential water management measures Ground water recharge
● Recharge
● Store
● Treatment
● Use
● 3R concept- Conserve
○ Reuse
○ Recycle
○ Reduce
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11. Climate Change Adaptation measures - Technologies
Rain water harvesting and stormwater
recharge technology
Source Protection- Raised
Water Hand Pump - flooding
Community Based Reservoir
Capacity Expansion
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SUDS- Sustainable Urban Drainage System

12. Climate Change Adaptation measures - Water Efficiency
Investing into water efficiency
Water efficiency basically means
efficient use by recycling water back and
forth to environment
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13. Climate Change Adaptation measures - Non Climatic Pressure Reduction
In the context of Climate Change.
Fresh Water Resource are already scarce.
Reduction of non climatic stresses like
pollution would be another adaptation
measures for freshwater sustainability.
Examples of Non Climatic Stresses on
Freshwater Resources
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14. Climate Change Adaptation measures - Smart System
● Revision of current procedures of designing water related
infrastructures to smarter ones.
● Initiate Smart Water supply technologies
● Smart metering system to rationalize water supply use
● Solar energy for pump
● Drip Irrigation
● Ecological sanitation(Ecosan)
● Source conservation
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15. Adaptation
Measures
that can be
done in Nepal
Community /
HH Level
National and
Policy Level
International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCC)
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16. References
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Huntington, T. G., 2006. Evidence for intensification of the global water cycle:
Review and synthesis. Journal of Hydrology.
IPCC, 2008. Climate Change and water, s.l.: WMO, IPCC.
MENDELSOHN, R., 2000. EFFICIENT ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Yale
School of Forestry and Environment Studies.
Partnership, G. W., n.d. Strategic Framework for WASH Climate Resilience, s.l.:
GWP, UNICEF.

17. Thank You
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