4. Sandal wood oil
The spice star anise is distilled
to make star anise oil
Davana oil, from the
Artemisia pallens
5.
6. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
Volatile oil originates from plants, possess a
unique odour or flavor, mainly used in
perfumes and flavorings.
7. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
How to Differentiate Between Volatile Oil and
Fixed Oil?
8. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
Volatile oil Fixed Oil
Also called as an essential oil. Also called as natural non-volatile oil.
Volatile oil can evaporate when placed under
room temperature
Fixed oils do not evaporate at room temperature
They can be extracted easily by the distillation
process
They require some specific techniques for
extraction.
There is no spot (no permanent stain) left after
evaporation
Some type of spot (permanent stain) left after
evaporation
They are unable to undergo saponification Fixed oils can be easily saponified.
Mixtures of cleoptenes & stearoptenes are
termed as volatile oils
Esters of higher fatty acids & glycerin are called
as fixed oils.
Posses high refractive index Posses low refractive index
These are optically active. These are optically inactive.
Their primary source is leaves, roots, in petals
and bark.
Their major source is seeds of the plant.
9. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
• Odourous principles
• Plant parts – Leaf, bark, Seed, Fruit, Flower etc.
• Evaporates at room temperature
• Colourless initially – on oxidation – resinify – turn
dark in colour
• Stored in amber coloured bottle, tightly
stoppered
• Immiscible with water
10. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
Distribution
• Labiatae/ Lamiaceae
• Piperaceae
• Umbelliferae/Apiaceae
• Pinaceae
• Rutaceae
11. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
Chemical Composition
• Hydrocarbon + Oxygenated compounds of
Hydrocarbons
• Type I – Hydrocarbon > Oxygenated Compds.
of Hydrocarbons
– Eg. Turpentine
• Type II– Hydrocarbon < Oxygenated Compds.
of Hydrocarbons
– Eg. Clove oil
12. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
• Oxygenated Compounds are more soluble in
Alcohol than Water
• Volatile oils differ in chemical composition
• But number of physical properties are common,
like –
– Odour – Characteristic
– Refractive Index – High
– Mostly – Optically active
– Contains – Terpenes, Sesquiterpenes and
Diterpenes, alcohol, aldehyde, ketones,
phenols, ethers and esters
13. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
Properties
• Volatises at room temperature
• Does not leave any stain on paper
• On exposure – they oxidise – then resinify
• Do not form soap with alkali
• They can be steam distilled at ordinary
temperature
• Mix freely with Chloroform, Ether and Alcohol
17. Volatile Oils or Essential Oils
Uses
• As flavouring agent in pharma, food,
beverages, cosmetics etc.
• Perfume industry
• As medicines and Carminative(Camphor,
Pudina etc.)
• Antiseptic, Antihelmintic, Stimulant, local
counter irritant
18. The global essential oil market is
expected to reach USD 11.67
billion by 2022, according to a new
report by Grand View Research, Inc.
19. Growing consumer awareness
regarding heath benefits associated
with natural and organic personal
care products is expected to remain
a key driving factor for global
essential oil market over the forecast
period.
20. Growth of organic product industry
has prompted major manufacturers
to shift their focus from synthetic to
natural additives.
21. Growing use of essential oil in the
preparation of natural flavors and
fragrances on account of their
increasing demand across key end-
use industries is also expected to fuel
the market growth.
