This document discusses absolute phrases and how they can be translated into different types of adverb clauses, including clauses of reason, time, condition, and concession/contrast. It provides examples of each type of clause and notes that the subject of the absolute phrase can be omitted if it is the same as the subject of the main clause. Absolute phrases add contextual information about when, why, if, or although something occurred.

1. Absolute Phrase
Absolute Phrase
Absolute phrase can be translated into:
a. Adverb clause of Reason
b. Adverb clause of Time
c. Adverb clause of Condition
d. Adverb clause of Concession/Contrast
1. Adverb clause of Reason
The train was late. They had to stay overnight at the station.
The train being late, they had to stay overnight at the station.
Because the train was late, they had to stay overnight at the station.
2. Adverb clause of Time
The sun rose. The fog disappeared.
The sun rising, the fog disappeared.
When the sun rose, the fog disappeared.
3. Adverb clause of Condition
The day is fine. We go out.
The day being fine, we go out.
If the day is fine, we go out.
4. Adverb clause of Concession/Contrast
The employees are poor. The boss never gives a reward.
The employees being poor, the boss never gives a reward.
Although the employees are poor, the boss never gives a reward.
Note: If the subjects of absolute phrase and the sentence are the same people, subject of
absolute phrase can be omitted.
I was walking along the road. I saw an accident.
Walking along the road, I saw an accident.
While I was walking along the road, I saw an accident.
1. Walking along the street, I saw an accident.
2. Having read the minutes of meeting, I wrote a report.
3. Taken three times a day, these pills will protect you against the cold.