THIS CHAPTER DESCRIBES ABOUT TOOTH ANATOMY,PARTS,TOOTH NUMBERING, SURACES AND DIVISIONS OF TOOTH I DETAIL

1. INTRODUCTION
TO
DENTAL ANATOMY
DR M SANGAMESHWAR

2. Dental anatomy
 The study of dental anatomy requires learning about the
morphology of various teeth in a human dentitions &
knowledge of how shape, form ,structure, color ,&
function of the teeth relate to each other in the same
dental arch & to the teeth in the opposing arch.

3. Humans have two sets
1. Primary / deciduous dentition
2.Permanent / succedaneous dentition
Stages of dentition:
1. Primary dentition: 6 month to 6years after birth.
2. Mixed dentition : 6 years to exfoliation of second
molars and canine.
3. Permanent dentition : From 6 years onwards till life.

4. Nomenclature
Mandibular jaw : Lower jaw
Maxillary jaw : Upper jaw
Primary Dentition :
-To belonging to first stage
in any process
- Primary or Deciduous or
Milk tooth
Permanent dentition:
-Which stays permanent if
not affected by diseases.
-Permanent or Succedaneous

5. FORMULAE FOR MAMMALIN TEETH
Formula for mammalian teeth
 Primary dentition: Incisor (I):2/2 ;Canine (C) 1/1;
Molar (M) 2/2 =10
212
212
 Permanent Dentition :Incisor (I) 2/2;Canine(C) 1/1
Premolars(2) 2/2; Molar (M) 3/3 =16
2123
2123

6. Tooth Numbering Systems
 1947 ADA recommended Zsigmondy/Palmer system
 FDI System
 1968 ADA introduced Universal numbering system
UNIVERSAL NOTATION
Primary Dentition
A B C D E F G H I J
T S R Q P O N M L K
Permanent Dentition
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17

7. ZSYGMONDY/ PALMER NOTATION
 After division of quadrants of arches the
dentition is noted as follows
Primary dentition
E D C B A A B C D E
E D C B A A B C D E
Permanent dentition
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

8. FDI (Federation Dentaire Internationale)
Notation
 Adopted by W.H.O
 Two digit system introduced for both primary and permanent dentition.
Primary Dentition
upper right upper left
55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65
85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75
lower right lower left
Permanent Dentition
I II
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37
38
IV III

9. STRUCTURES OF TOOTH
APEX
ROOT
CERVICAL
LINE
CROWN
INCISAL EDGE

10. Crown & root
 Each tooth has a crown & root portion .
 Crown –covered with enamel.
 Root – covered with cementum .
 Crown & root join at cementoenamel
junction (CEJ) .
 This junction is called the cervical line.

11. SURFACES OF CROWN –MANDIBLE

12. SURFACES OF CROWN -MAXILLA

13. CROSS SECTION OF TOOTH

14.  The root portion of tooth is firmly fixed in the bony
process of the jaw, so that each tooth is held in its
position .
 That portion of jaw serving as support for tooth is called
alveolar process.
 The bone of tooth socket-alveolus .
Alveolar
sockets

15. LAND MARKS OF TOOTH
CUSP: Is an elevation on the crown
portion of tooth on occlusal surface.
TUBERCLE: Abnormal smaller elevation
on some portion of crown by extra
formation of enamel.
CINGULUM : It is the lingual lobe of
anterior tooth and makes up bulk of
cervical third of lingual surface.

16. Ridge : Linear elevation on the surface of
tooth and named according to its location
Marginal ridges: Rounded borders of enamel
that form the mesial &distal margins

17. TRIANGULAR RIDGES: Descend from tips of cusps
Towards central part of occlusal surface. Slopes of each
side of ridge are inclined to resemble two sides of triangle.
 Buccal &lingual triangular ridges join, they form
TRANSVERSE RIDGE
CR-CUSP RIDGE
TR-TRIANGULAR
RIDGE
TRANS R-
TRANSVERSE RIDGE

18. OBLIQUE RIDGE is formed by Union of
triangular ridge of disto-buccal cusp &
distal cusp ridge of mesio lingual
cusp.(maxillary molar)

19. Developmental groove:
It is a shallow groove or line formed during tooth
development usually separating the major portions of a
tooth.
Ex. Buccal & lingual grooves of molars
Sulcus : is a long depression or valley in the
surface between ridges & cusps.

20. Fossa : Irregular depression or concavity. Called
depending upon the surface it is present.
Ex. Lingual fossae
central fossae

21.  Lobe: Primary section of formation in the development
of crown.
Ex. Cusps & mamelons.

22. MAMELONS:
Is any one of the three rounded protuberances
found on the incisal ridges of newly erupted
incisor teeth.

23. Line angles
formed by the junction of two surfaces and derives
its name by the two surfaces that join.
Anterior teeth: mesio-labial
disto-labial
mesio-lingual
disto-lingual
labo-incisal,
linguo-incisal

24. Posterior teeth: mesio-buccal
disto-buccal
mesio-lingual
disto-lingual
mesio-occlusal
disto-occlusal
bucco- occlusal
linguo-occlusal

25. POINT ANGLES
 formed by junction of three surfaces, derives its
name from combination of surfaces.
Anterior teeth:
 mesiolabioincisal
 distolabioincisal
 mesiolinguoincisal
 distolinguoincisal

26. Posterior teeth:
 mesiobuccoocclusal
 mesiolinguoocclusal
 distobuccoocclusal
 distolinguoocclusal

27. Divisions of Crown and Root into thirds

28. T
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