Maintenance of acid base balance in human body

1. Name : Samyak Pradeep nagwanshi

3. The body normally maintains a steady
Balance between acid produced during
Metabolism and bases that neutralize and
Promote the excretion of the acids .

4. People experiencing vomiting and diarrhoea
Can lose acid and base in
Addition to loss of fluids and electrolytes .
The older adult is at risk – their kidneys
and lungs do not compensate so well
anymore for acid – base imbalance

5. BASE : Any ionic or molecular substance
that can act as proton acceptor .
ex: NaoH , KOH
ACID: Any ionic or molecular substance
that can act a proton donor .
ex: HCL , H2SO4

6. The acidity or alkalinity of a solution
depends upon its hydrogen (H+) ion
concentration

7. An increase in H+ concentration leads
to acidity
An decrease in H+ concentration leads
To alkalinity

8. An acid solution has a pH of less than (<) 7
An alkaline solution has a pH of greater than (>) 7
A neutral solution has a pH of 7

9. Blood is slightly alkaline (pH7.35 -7.46)
If the pH of Blood drop below 7.35 the
person is said to have acidosis
If the p H of blood is greater than 7.45 the
person has alkalosis

10. The body’s metabolic processes are
Constantly producing acid .
These acid must be neutralize and
Excreted to maintain acid base balance.

11. Normally the body has three 3 mechanisms by
Which it regulates acid base balance to maintain
The arterial p H between 7.35 -7.45 .
These mechanisms are :
1 . The buffer system
2. The respiratory system
3. The renal system

12. • The buffer systems are the fastest acting
Systems and are the primary regulator of
Acid –base balance
• Buffer act chemically to change strong
acid into weaker acid 0r to bind acids to
neutralize

13. • A buffer consists of a weakly ionized acids
or base and its salt that function to
Minimize the effects of acids on blood p H
Until they can be excreted from the body .
• Buffers alone cannot maintain blood p H
And they need an adequately functioning
Respiratory and renal system .

14. • Lungs help maintain a normal p H by
Excreting Co2 and water which are by
Products of cellular metabolism .
• The rat of Co2 excretion is controlled by
The respiratory center in the medulla in the
Brainstem .

15. • If increased Co2 or H+ are detected the
Respiratory center simulates an increased
Rate and depth of breathing
• Respiratory rate and depth are inhibited if
the center detects low H+ or co2 levels

16. i. If a respiratory condition is the cause of an
acid base imbalance (respiratory failure for
example)
The respiratory system loses
It’s ability to correct a p H alteration .

17. • Under normal circumstances of the
kidneys
Reabsorb and conserve all of the
bicarbonate they filter .
• The kidneys can also generate more
bicarbonate and eliminate excess H+ to
Compensate for acidosis .

18. • The kidneys usually excrete acidic urine
(average p H 6).
• If the renal system is the cause of an acid –
Base imbalance (renal failure ,for example )
It loses its ability to correct an acid –base
Imbalance.