The Arabic–English Thematic Lexicon is an invaluable resource for all learners of Arabic. It contains some 8,000 entries, arranged into themes, including flora and fauna, food and drink, the human body, health care, the family, housing, clothing, education, IT, sports, politics, economics and commerce, the law, media, language, geography, travel, religion, arts, science and natural resources. Three appendices cover the names of Arab and selected non-Arab regions, countries and capitals, and international organisations.

2. Arabic–English Thematic Lexicon
The Arabic–English Thematic Lexicon is an invaluable resource for all learners of Arabic.
It contains some 8,000 entries, arranged into themes, including flora and fauna, food and
drink, the human body, health care, the family, housing, clothing, education, IT, sports, politics,
economics and commerce, the law, media, language, geography, travel, religion, arts, science
and natural resources. Three appendices cover the names of Arab and selected non-Arab
regions, countries and capitals, and international organisations.
The entries in the Lexicon have been drawn from an extensive corpus of contemporary
Standard Arabic vocabulary, based on authentic sources. In addition to verbs, nouns and
adjectives, the Lexicon includes phrases and commonly used collocations, providing users with
the necessary vocabulary in order to communicate effectively and confidently in both written
and spoken Standard Arabic.
The Lexicon is an indispensable vocabulary-building tool, as well as a useful reference guide.
Daniel Newman is Reader in Arabic and Course Director of the MA in Arabic/English
Translation at the University of Durham.

4. Arabic–English Thematic Lexicon
Daniel Newman

5. First published 2007
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2007 Daniel Newman
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,
now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,
or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in
writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Newman, Daniel, 1963–
[Arabic–English lexicon]
The Arabic/English thematic lexicon / Daniel Newman. – 1st ed.
p. cm.
1. Arabic language – Dictionaries – English. I. Title.
PJ6640.N46 2007
492.7′321—dc22 2006037980
ISBN10: 0–415–42093–8 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0–415–4094–6 (pbk)
ISBN10: 0–203–96087–4 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–42093–8 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–42094–5 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–203–96087–5 (ebk)
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
ISBN 0-203-96087-4 Master e-book ISBN

6. Contents
Introduction | 1
Fruit | 7
Flora | 8
Herbs and spices | 10
Vegetables | 10
Animals | 11
Mammals | 11
Birds | 14
Marine animals | 16
Reptiles and insects | 17
Animal sounds | 18
Food and drink | 19
The human body | 27
Diseases and health care | 36
The family, human relations and emotions | 48
Housing and construction | 63
Clothing | 71
School and education | 77
General | 77
Sciences and academic subjects | 85
Computing | 86
The media | 91
Sports | 94
Arts and entertainment | 100
Politics | 104
Law and order | 120
The military | 126
Economics and commerce | 135
Agriculture and farming | 150
Natural resources | 153

7. Tools and equipment | 156
Time | 160
General | 160
Days of the week | 163
The seasons | 163
Months | 164
Gregorian | 164
Islamic | 164
Coptic | 164
Geography | 165
Natural geography | 165
Urban geography | 168
Travel and mobility | 169
General | 169
Communications | 173
Air | 175
Sea | 176
Rail | 178
Road | 179
Traffic | 179
The car | 181
The weather | 184
Language and communication | 186
Religion | 191
General | 191
Islam | 192
Christianity | 195
Colours | 198
The zodiac | 199
Weights and measures | 200
Appendix I | 202
Arab regions, countries and capitals | 202
Appendix II | 203
Selected non-Arab regions, countries and capitals | 203
Appendix III | 204
International organizations | 204
vi CONTENTS

8. Introduction
The task of the ‘harmless drudge’, as Dr Johnson
called the lexicographer, is always challenging, and,
it must be said, often thankless. Such is the ever-
changing nature of language that no sooner has a
dictionary appeared than it is already to some
extent out of step with the living language. Consider,
for instance, the developments in computing and
the Internet and the concomitant surge in new
terminology in the space of just one decade.
In the case of Arabic, the lexicographer’s task is
further complicated by the phenomenon of
diglossia – i.e. the coexistence of several varieties
along an acro-basilectal continuum – and the fact
that many of the regional dialects are mutually
unintelligible.
The normative variety of the language, which is
commonly referred to as Modern Standard Arabic
(MSA) – the so-called fus
.h
. ā
¯ (‫ﻓﺼﺤﻰ‬
ُ ) – is the
closest to the Classical Arabic of the Qur’ān in
terms of grammar. This variety, which, of course,
has been subject to many changes, not least in the
area of lexis, is a language that is used exclusively
for official and literary purposes. It diverges greatly,
as it always has done, from the everyday language
spoken by people in the street. Indeed, it is worth
remembering that this variety has no mother-
tongue speakers – it is the dialect which is the native
language of the Arabic speaker. The normative
variety is also the link language which allows
educated Arabic speakers from Morocco to Iraq to
communicate with one another.
In this Lexicon the emphasis is squarely on the
standard language, rather than a given colloquial
variety.
Unfortunately, things do not stop here for the
Arabic lexicographer as within the normative variety
there are often a number of competing
geographical variants. This matter is not unrelated
to the fact that there are a number of Arabic
Language Academies (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and
Syria). For instance, ‘mobile telephone’ can be
rendered by the following: ‫ﻮال‬
ّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ , ‫ﻘﺎل‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ , ‫ﻗﻞ‬
ّ َ‫ﻨ‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ ,
‫ﻴﺎر‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ , ‫ﻤﻮل‬
ُ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ , ‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﻮ‬
ِ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (‫ﺗﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﺎ‬/‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬
ِ ) and
‫ﺮك‬
ّ ‫ﺤ‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ ‫ﻫﺎﺗﻒ‬, all of which are fus
.h
. ā
¯ terms. The
only difference between them is where they were
originally coined and their place (and frequency) of
usage: the first three tend to be used more in North
Africa, the fourth in Egypt, the fifth in the Levant and
the sixth in some areas of the Gulf. Naturally, the
Arabic speaker understands all coinings, but in the
standard variety of his/her native area, one of them
will probably be used to the exclusion of the others.
What is more, it is very likely that in informal
contexts the same speaker will use none of the
above, choosing instead the borrowing ‫ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬
(‘mobile’) or ‫أم‬ ‫أس‬ ‫ﺟﻲ‬ (‘GSM’)!
It is in the area of terminology, or specialized
language, that this problem is sometimes the most
acute. It is particularly problematic, of course, in the
sciences where the prevailing orthodoxy is that of
one-to-one correspondence, i.e. one meaning, one
term. In reality, this principle is consistently
overridden in Arabic where a plethora of terms may
render one English scientific term. For instance, in
research the present author conducted some time
ago, no fewer than thirteen terms were found for the
English linguistic term ‘phoneme’, all of which are
used interchangeably by specialists in the field.

9. The large number of (near-)synonyms and/or
competing coinings make it very difficult for the
lexicographer to make a choice, particularly as
consulting native speakers may sometimes
obfuscate, rather than clarify, the issue. For
instance, an educated speaker from, say, Iraq will
state that a given term is the one in use in Standard
Arabic (or at least that used in Iraq), whereas an
educated Moroccan speaker will comment that
s/he has never encountered that very same word.
In most cases the informant will recognize that it is
Standard Arabic, but in others they will condemn
the term for being a colloquial variant.
At the same time, one should not exaggerate the
problem either. The above remark applies to certain
fields more than others, whereas in most cases the
same word is used across the Arabic-speaking
world.
In a work of this kind, one solution would be to list
all ‘standard’ terms, irrespective of where they are
used. Instead, it has been decided to select the one
that is most frequently encountered in the corpus
for a number of reasons, the principal one being
userfriendliness, since it was never intended to
produce a Thesaurus. In the event of several
competing forms occurring with similar frequency,
each was retained, with the reader being referred to
the definition given elsewhere: e.g.
‫ﻴﺖ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ : house
‫دار‬ : see ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
On the whole, geographically determined MSA
terms were excluded. For instance, it is well
documented that in former French colonies such as
Tunisia, Algeria, or Lebanon, a number of MSA
terms in use are calques from French, whereas in
many countries in the Middle East there is often a
noticeable influence from English. To put it
differently, the author attempted to include only
those terms whose use transcends a single country
or area. In any event, it is impossible to remain
entirely immune from accusations that such and
such a term is less ‘accurate’ or ‘widespread’ than
another.
Rather than a collection of entries culled from
various dictionaries, the Lexicon is based on a
corpus compiled over a period of many years, with
the author relying on authentic data drawn from
both written and audiovisual sources from a wide
variety of countries. Only words whose usage was
attested in a number of sources were included in
the Lexicon.
The first question any dictionary compiler needs
to address is whether the work deserves to be
done, i.e. whether it fills a gap of some sort. The
second one involves the target audience: who will
be using the book, and perhaps equally important,
why?
The origins of the Lexicon grew out of a desire
and need to provide students with core vocabulary
conveniently grouped together in thematic
categories. Indeed, none of the basic vocabulary
lists met this goal, whereas textbooks often
frustratingly, albeit understandably, only give limited
vocabulary relating to the same semantic field: for
instance, students will be given only five colours,
say, and will be expected to start compiling their
own lists or, if they are lucky, rely on those provided
by the teacher. Furthermore, it is much easier to
assimilate lexis if it is presented in a logical and
coherent format.
Like so many lexicographical endeavours, this
Lexicon started out as a series of lists, which were
handed to students when a particular area of
vocabulary was tackled, i.e. for general vocabulary
building, lexical extension, as well as translation
exercises.
2 INTRODUCTION

10. It is important to point out that, while the Lexicon
was initially drawn up for learners of Arabic, it is
equally suitable for Arabic-speaking learners of
English, for whom the book will also be a very useful
vocabulary-building tool.
Arguably, one of the the first thematic vocabulary
lists was that compiled by the great French Arabist,
Charles Pellat (L’Arabe Vivant : mots arabes
groupés d’après le sens et vocabulaire fondamental
de l’arabe moderne, 1961). Based on a study of a
number of newspapers, the lexicon contains 6,000
words which are ordered according to themes, but
not alphabetically (though the book came with,
unfortunately all too often unreliable, French and
Arabic alphabetical indices)! Other endeavours
followed, both in the West and in the Middle East,
yet none fully met students’ needs for a number of
reasons, ranging from layout and presentation (e.g.
either only transliteration or only Arabic script
without vowelling), to the number and types of
categories included, or the absence of collocations
and of basic grammatical metatext.
The present Lexicon is intended to meet the
needs of students at all levels who wish to expand
their vocabulary in a large number of everyday
fields. The Lexicon contains about 8,000 entries,
and also includes phrases and collocations. It can
be used for both passive and active vocabulary use.
Students who have mastered the vocabulary
contained in the Lexicon will be able to
communicate effectively and confidently in most
daily contexts, both orally and in writing.
The thematic ordering makes the Lexicon
eminently practical and suitable for both home and
classroom use. At the same time, the layout
encourages browsing. Although the Lexicon is
designed for use by Arabic learners at all levels,
both in formal and informal settings, the user must
have a basic knowledge of Arabic grammar in
order to be able to interpret and use the information
effectively.
Throughout, the primary aim has been to
provide all but the most technical vocabulary
relating to a large number of fields which language
users are likely to encounter. Naturally, choices
again had to be made, in terms of the field in
which certain words would have to be put, or the
number of words in each field. Both questions
were addressed pragmatically, and within
practical constraints of length. Furthermore,
the size of each category also depended on the
nature and scope of the semantic field, and it is
hardly surprising therefore that the section on
‘Politics’ contains significantly more terms than
that on ‘Fruit’. In theory, there was no fixed
maximum (or minimum) number of words for
each category.
As for the classification, there are, of course,
cases in which the ultimate choice may be
debatable, and to some degree subjective.
However, one would hope that the inclusion of the
term is considered more important than the
category in which it is placed. Similarly, some
users will undoubtedly lament the absence of this or
that term, which they deem absolutely imperative
for the student. All that can be said in defence is
that there was undoubtedly good reason to do so,
either because it was too technical, colloquial, or
synonymous with a term that was attested more
often in the author’s corpus.
Consistently, the basic premise has been to class
entries together as much as possible in meaningful
categories and subcategories.
If (near-)synonyms are provided in English, they
are separated by a comma.
The next question is a very practical one, i.e. how
to use the dictionary. The entries are arranged
according to themes and appear in straight Arabic
3
INTRODUCTION

11. alphabetical order within each category. In cases
where the lemma includes the article ‘‫ال‬’, it is
listed according to the first character of the base
word: e.g. ‫ﺪاﻣﺎ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ (‘draughts’) appears under ‘‫د‬’,
not ‘‫ا‬’.
Unlike in many Western dictionaries of Arabic,
words patterned on the same root are not listed
together, but in strictly alphabetical order. So, for
instance, ‫ﺘﺢ‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ (‘to open’) and ‫ﻔﺘﺎح‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ (‘key’) are not
listed together. The main reason behind this was,
once again, ease of use.
In line with common usage, Arabic verbs are
listed in the third person singular preterite (‫ﺿﻲ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﻤﺎ‬)
form. The appropriate conjugation vowel of the
first-form (base-stem) imperfect (‫رع‬
ِ ‫ﻤﻀﺎ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬) is
added in brackets next to the entry: e.g.
‫س‬
َ ‫ر‬
َ ‫د‬
َ (u) to study
If there is more than one possible vowel, both
variants are given: e.g.
‫ﺶ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (i, u) to scratch
In the case of so-called ‘weak’ verbs (those in
which one of the root letters is ‫و‬, ‫ي‬ or ‫أ‬), the full
imperfect third person singular form is given: e.g.
‫إﻟﻰ‬ (‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﺼ‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬
َ ) ‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬
َ ‫و‬
َ to arrive in
The plurals of Arabic words are only given if they
are in some way irregular, i.e. if it involves a so-called
‘broken’ plural, or in cases of deviating pluralization
(e.g. a sound feminine plural for words without the
feminine marker ‫ة‬, i.e. tā
¯’ marbū
¯ t
.a): e.g.
‫ﺑﺎب‬ door
pl. ‫ﺑﻮاب‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺧﻢ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻀ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ amplifier
pl. ‫ات‬-
In cases where the plural is only rarely used, as is
the case for a number of fruits, it is given but
enclosed in round brackets: e.g.
‫ﺮى‬
َ ‫ﺜ‬
ْ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ (coll.) pear
(pl. ‫ﺮﻳﺎت‬
َ ‫ﺜ‬
ْ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ )
Specific phrases which are often found on signs
are capitalized: e.g.
‫ﺮوج‬
ُ ‫ﺨ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻮع‬
ُ ‫ﻤ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ NO EXIT
All Arabic words are fully vowelled; the absence of
transcriptions has been a conscious choice
inasmuch as it has a number of disadvantages, not
least the fact that the learner will attempt to store
two ‘forms’ in the mental lexicon, rather than one,
i.e. the Arabic graphemic form. It is also hoped that
beginners, in particular, will benefit from the
additional reading practice.
Arabic nouns appear in pausal form, without the
so-called ‘nunnation’ (‫ﻮﻳﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ ), i.e. case endings,
except for some accusative and genitive indefinite
inflections: e.g.
‫ﺎ‬
ً ‫ﻣﺠﺎﻧ‬
َ free (of charge)
‫ض‬
ٍ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ judge
‘Diptote’ forms, i.e. those with reduced
inflections, are indicated by means of a superscript
d
. amma ( ُ ) over the final consonant: e.g. ‫س‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺪا‬
َ .
The diptote marking is omitted, however, in recent
borrowings and proper nouns as the inflected
endings in those cases are never pronounced:
e.g. ‫ﺑﺮﻟﻴﻦ‬ (*not ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺑﺮﻟﻴ‬), ‘Berlin’.
Relevant grammatical information is provided
when necessary for both Arabic and English entries:
e.g. English infinitives appear with ‘to’, whereas in
cases of ambiguity, the appropriate grammatical
category (e.g. adjective, noun) is indicated. Useful
4 INTRODUCTION

12. collocations are also listed, as are prepositions:
e.g.
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻤ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
ْ ‫ر‬
َ official (adj.)
‫ﻠﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ ‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ ‫وا‬ to approve
‫ﺮب‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ (f.) war
‫ﺎ‬
ً ‫ﻘﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ ‫ب‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺿ‬
َ to give an injection
In cases of polysemy or homonymy (sc. multiple
meanings) of Arabic words, the various meanings
are included in the relevant categories: e.g. ‫ﺢ‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ in
the sense of ‘to open’ will be found under ‘Housing
and Construction’, whereas it reappears under ‘The
Military’ in the meaning of ‘to conquer’. If the
different meanings are part of the same field, then
they appear numbered next to the entry: e.g.
‫ﻏﺮاب‬
ُ 1. raven
2. crow
The following abbreviations are used in the
Lexicon:
adj. adjective
adv. adverb
coll. collective (noun)
el. electricity
f. feminine
fig. figurative
gen. generic (noun)
intrans. intransitive (verb)
math. mathematics
n. noun
n. un. unit noun
o. self oneself
pass. passive (voice)
perf. perfect tense
pl. plural
prep. preposition
Qur. Qur’an
s.o. someone
s.thing something
trans. transitive (verb)
v. verb
‫ات‬- regular feminine plural
‫ون‬- regular masculine plural
< > the opposite of
5
INTRODUCTION

14. Fruit
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺛ‬
َ ‫أ‬ to bear fruit (tree, plant)
‫أﻧﺎﻧﺎس‬
َ pineapple
‫ﺗﻘﺎل‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ (coll.) oranges
‫ﺑﻄﻴﺦ‬
َ (coll.) (water)melons
‫ﻠﺢ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (coll.) dates
‫ﺪق‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ (coll.) hazelnuts
(pl. ‫دق‬
ِ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬
َ )
‫ﻔﺎح‬
َّ ‫ﺗ‬
ُ (coll.) apples
(pl. ‫ﺢ‬
ُ ‫ﻓﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﻔﺎ‬
َ )
‫ﻤﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ (coll.) (dried) dates
‫ﻨﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﻫ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﻤﺮ‬
َ tamarind
‫ﺗﻮت‬ mulberry
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻮﻛ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ ‫ﺗﻮت‬ raspberry
‫ﺗﻴﻦ‬ (coll.) figs
‫ﻤﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺛ‬
َ fruit (produce)
pl. ‫ﺛﻤﺎر‬
ِ
‫ﺟﻮاﻓﺔ‬
َ guava
‫ﻮز‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ (coll.) walnuts
‫ﻨﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﻬ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮز‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ (coll.) coconuts
‫ﺑﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﻨ‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺐ‬
ّ ‫ﺣ‬
َ (coll.) pine nuts
‫ﺧﻮخ‬
َ (coll.) plums
‫ﺑﻴﺐ‬
ِ ‫ز‬
َ (coll.) raisins
‫ﺳﺒﺎط‬
ُ cluster (fruit)
‫ﺟﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻔ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ (coll.) quinces
(pl. ‫ج‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﻔﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ )
‫ﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ slice
pl. ‫ﺢ‬
ُ ‫ﺷﺮاﺋ‬
َ
‫ﻤﺎم‬
َّ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (coll.) musk melon
‫ب‬
َ ‫ﻃﺎ‬ (i) to ripen
‫زج‬
َ ‫ﻃﺎ‬ fresh
‫ﻨﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ (coll.) grapes
(pl. ‫ﻋﻨﺎب‬
ْ ‫أ‬)
‫ﻨﻘﻮد‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ bunch (of grapes)
pl. ‫ﺪ‬
ُ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻗﻴ‬
َ
‫ﻛﻬﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ fruit
pl. ‫ﻪ‬
ُ ‫ﻛ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺞ‬
ّ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ unripe
‫وﻟﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻓﺮا‬
َ strawberry
‫ﺘﻖ‬
ُ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ (coll.) pistachio nuts
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﺳﻮداﻧ‬ ‫ﻓﻮل‬ (coll.) peanuts
‫ﺮز‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
َ (coll.) cherries
‫ﺘﻨﺎء‬
َ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ chestnut
‫ﺮى‬
َ ‫ﺜ‬
ْ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ (coll.) pears
(pl. ‫ﺮﻳﺎت‬
َ ‫ﺜ‬
ْ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ )
‫رﻧﺞ‬
ِ ‫ﻻ‬ grapefruit
‫ﺐ‬
ّ ‫ﻟ‬
ُ core (e.g. apple)
p. ‫ﺒﻮب‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ُ
‫ﻮز‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ (coll.) almonds
‫ﻤﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻟﻴ‬
ِ (coll.) lemons
‫ﻣﺾ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﻤﻮن‬ lime
‫ﺠﻮ‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ mango
‫ﻤﺶ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ (coll.) apricots
‫ﻟﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻮا‬
َ citrus fruits
‫ﻮز‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ (coll.) bananas
‫ﺿﺞ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ripe (fruit)
‫ﻘﻄﻴﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﻳ‬
َ squash
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ ‫ﻳﻮ‬
ُ tangerine
FRUIT 7

15. Flora
‫ﻨﻮس‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ ebony
‫ﺛﻞ‬
ُ ‫أ‬
َ (coll.) tamarisk
(pl. ‫أﺛﻮل‬)
‫رز‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ (coll.) cedars
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ز‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ to blossom (plant, flower)
‫ﺻﻴﺺ‬
ِ ‫أ‬
َ flowerpot
pl. ‫ﺻﺺ‬
ُ ‫أ‬
ُ
‫ﺤﻮان‬
ُ ‫ﻗ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
ُ 1. camomile
(pl. ‫ح‬
ٍ ‫أﻗﺎ‬, ‫أﻗﺎﺣﻲ‬) 2. daisy
‫ﺑﺎﻗﺔ‬ bunch of flowers, bouquet
‫ﻫﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺰ‬
ُّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺋﻊ‬ florist
‫ﺘﻮﻻ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
َ birch tree
‫ﺨﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
َ incense
‫ﻳﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫ﺑﺨﻮر‬ cyclamen
‫ﺬرة‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ 1. seed
pl. ‫ﺬور‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ 2. pip, stone (fruit)
‫دي‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ papyrus (plant)
‫دﻳﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ papyrus (sheet)
‫ﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ to burgeon
‫ﻋﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ bud
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺴﺞ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
ْ ‫ﻨ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ 1. violet
2. lilac
‫ﻣﺲ‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
ُ lupin
‫ﺬر‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ root
pl. ‫ﺬور‬
ُ ‫ﺟ‬
ُ
‫ﺬع‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ trunk
pl. ‫ﺬور‬
ُ ‫ﺟ‬
ُ
‫ف‬
َّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ (i) to dry out
‫ﻒ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
َّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ to dry
‫ﻴﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
ُ (coll.) sycamore
‫ﻠﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ُ ‫ﺒﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ aniseed
‫ﻨﺎء‬
َّ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ henna
‫ﻨﻄﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ see ‫ﻗﻤﺢ‬
‫ﻣﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺧﺰا‬
ُ lavender
‫ﻐﻨﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻤ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ mahogany
‫ﺸﺨﺎش‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (coll.) poppies
pl. ‫ﺶ‬
ُ ‫ﺧﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﺸﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻨﺸﺎر‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ fern
‫ﺧﻮص‬
ُ (coll.) palm leaves
‫ﺧﻦ‬
ْ ‫د‬
ُ millet
‫ردار‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ elm
‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ذ‬
َ (u) to wilt, wither
‫رﻣﺎن‬
ُ (coll.) pomegranates
‫ﺒﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ (coll.) iris
pl. ‫ﻖ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫زﻧﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻫﺮ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ (coll.) flowers
pl. ‫ﻫﻮر‬
ُ ‫ز‬
ُ , ‫ﻫﺮ‬
ُ ‫ز‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫زﻫﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻫﻴ‬
ِ ‫أزا‬
‫ﻟﺆ‬
ُ ‫ﺆ‬
ْ ‫ﻠ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫﺮ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ daisy
‫ﺮو‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ (coll.) evergreen cypress
‫ﺳﺎق‬ stem (plant)
pl. ‫ﺳﻮق‬
ُ
‫ﺳﻤﺎق‬
ُ sumac
‫ﺒﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ (coll.) ear, spike (grain)
pl. ‫ات‬-, ‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺪﻳﺎن‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ (coll.) oak
‫ﺳﻮس‬
ُ licorice
‫ﺳﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ lily of the valley
FLORA
8

16. ‫ﺠﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (coll.) trees
pl. ‫ﺷﺠﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻌﻴﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ barley
‫ﻮﻓﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ oats
‫ﺒﺎر‬
َّ ‫ﺻ‬
ُ 1. cactus
2. Indian fig
‫ﻔﺼﺎف‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ (coll.) willow
‫ﻠﺢ‬
ْ ‫ﻃ‬
َ acacia
‫ﻤﺲ‬
ْ ‫ﺸ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﺎد‬
َّ ‫ﻋ‬
َ sunflower
‫ﺮق‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ 1. see ‫ﺳﺎق‬ (2)
pl. ‫ﺮوق‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ 2. vein (plant)
‫ﺸﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ (coll.) grass
pl. ‫ﻋﺸﺎب‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻨﺎب‬
ّ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ jujube
‫ﻏﺎﺑﺔ‬ reed
‫ﻏﺎر‬ (coll.) laurel trees
‫س‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
َ (i) to plant
‫ﺮس‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
َ seedling
pl. ‫ﻏﺮاس‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺼﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
ُ branch
pl. ‫ﻏﺼﺎن‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﺼﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻏ‬
ُ
‫ﻞ‬
ّ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ Arabian jasmine
‫ﻔﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ 1. clove
2. carnation
‫ﺸﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ 1. bark
pl. ‫ﺸﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ 2. peel
‫ﺼﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (coll.) reed, cane
‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ ‫ﻗﺼﺐ‬ sugar cane
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻫ‬
ِ ‫ﺼﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ bamboo
‫ﻤﺢ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ wheat
‫ﻨﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ hemp, flax
‫ﻛﺄس‬ calyx
pl. ‫ﻛﺆوس‬
ُ , ‫ﻛﺌﺎس‬
ِ
‫ﻓﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ camphor
‫ﻛﺎﻛﺎو‬ cocoa
‫ﺮم‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ vine
pl. ‫ﻛﺮوم‬
ُ
‫ﺘﻨﺎء‬
َ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ chestnut tree
‫ﺒﻼب‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ ivy
‫ﺳﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ see ‫آس‬
‫ﺮﻳﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ vase
‫ﻧﺒﺎت‬
َ (coll.) plants, flora
pl. ‫ات‬-
‫ﻠﻖ‬
ِّ ‫ﺴ‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ ‫ﻧﺒﺎت‬
َ (coll.) climbing plants,
creepers
‫ﺖ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (i) to grow (plants)
‫ﺨﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (coll.) palm trees
‫ﺨﻴﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
َ see ‫ﻧﺨﻞ‬
‫ﺟﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
َ narcissus
‫رد‬
ْ ‫و‬
َ (coll.) roses
pl. ‫رود‬
ُ ‫و‬
ُ
‫رق‬
َ ‫و‬
َ (coll.) leaves
pl. ‫وراق‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻨﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫رق‬
َ ‫و‬
َ (coll.) vine leaves
‫ﻤﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
َ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ jasmine
‫ﻨﺖ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ hyacinth
FLORA 9

17. Herbs and spices
‫ﺳﻴﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ clover
‫ﺴﺒﺎﺳﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ mace
‫ﻧﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﺪو‬
ُ ‫ﻘ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ parsley
‫ﺑﻬﺎر‬
َ herb
‫ﺑﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 1. spice, condiment
pl. ‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﻮا‬
َ 2. see ‫ﻛﺰﺑﺮة‬
‫ﺛﻮم‬
ُ garlic
‫ﻄﻴﺐ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮز‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ nutmeg
‫ﺒﻖ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ basil
‫ﺒﻬﺎن‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ cardamom
‫ﻟﺒﺎن‬
ُ ‫ﺣﺼﺎ‬
َ rosemary
‫دل‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (coll.) mustard seed
‫رس‬
ِ ‫د‬
َ dried clover
‫ﻳﺤﺎن‬
ْ ‫ر‬
َ sweet basil
‫ﺘﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ wild thyme
‫ﻔﺮان‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ saffron
‫ﺠﺒﻴﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ ginger
‫ﺒﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
ِ dill
‫ﺴﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ sesame
‫ﺷﻤﺎر‬
َ fennel
‫ﻄﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ fragrant, aromatic
‫ﺒﻴﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ aroma, fragrance
‫ﻏﺎر‬ laurel
‫ﻔﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ , ‫ﻔﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ pepper
‫ﻤﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻔﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ paprika
‫ﻀﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻔﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ green pepper
‫ر‬
ّ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ ‫ﻔﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ chilli
‫ﻃﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ safflower
‫ﺮﻓﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ cinnamon
‫ﻛﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ turmeric
‫وﻳﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
َ caraway
‫ﻛﺎري‬ curry
‫ﺮة‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ coriander
‫ﻤﻮن‬
ُّ ‫ﻛ‬
َ cumin
‫ﻄﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ scented, perfumed
‫ﻠﺢ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ salt
pl. ‫ﻣﻼح‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬
َ aromatic plants
‫ﻌﻨﺎع‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
َ mint
‫ﺴﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻳ‬
َ aniseed
Vegetables
‫ز‬
ّ ‫ر‬
ُ ‫أ‬
َ rice
‫ﻧﺠﺎن‬
ْ ‫ذ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ aubergine
‫ﺑﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬ okra, ladies’ fingers
‫ﻠﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ pea
‫ﺼﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (coll.) onions
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺎ‬
َ sweet potato, yam
HERBS AND SPICES
10

18. ‫ﺑﻄﺎﻃﺲ‬
َ (coll.) potatoes
‫ﺠﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ beetroot
‫ﺰر‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
َ (coll.) carrots
‫ﻤﺺ‬
ِّ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ،‫ﻤﺺ‬
ُّ ‫ﺣ‬
ُ chick-peas
(coll.)
‫ﺷﻮف‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ (coll.) artichokes
pl. ‫ﻒ‬
ُ ‫ﺷﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺲ‬
ّ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (coll.) lettuce
‫ﺮوات‬
َ ‫ﻀ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ vegetables
‫ﺧﻴﺎر‬
َ (coll.) cucumbers, gherkins
‫رة‬
َّ ‫ذ‬
ُ maize
‫ﻧﺪ‬
ْ ‫و‬
َ ‫را‬ rhubarb
‫ﺘﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻳ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ (coll.) olives
‫ﻧﺦ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﺒﺎ‬
َ spinach
‫ﺪر‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ white beet, chard
‫زج‬
ِ ‫ﻃﺎ‬ fresh
‫ﻃﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻃﻤﺎ‬
َ (coll.) tomatoes
‫ﺪس‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (coll.) lentils
‫ﻠﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﻏ‬
َ grain, cereals
pl. ‫ات‬-, ‫ﻏﻼل‬
ِ
‫ﻟﻴﺎء‬
ِ ‫ﻓﺎﺻﻮ‬ European bean
‫ﺠﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ (coll.) radishes
‫ﻄﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ (coll.) mushrooms
‫ﻓﻮل‬ (coll.) beans, broad beans
‫ﺮع‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (coll.) pumpkins, gourds
‫ﺒﻴﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (coll.) cauliflower
‫ﺮاث‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ leek
‫ﻓﺲ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
َ (coll.) celery
‫ﻧﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ (coll.) cabbage
‫ﺳﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻛﻮ‬ courgette
‫ﻔﺖ‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
ِ turnip
‫ﺑﻴﺎء‬
ِ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ bean
Animals
Mammals
‫وى‬
َ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
ِ jackal
pl. ‫آوى‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎت‬
َ
‫ﺮس‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﻦ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
ِ weasel
pl. ‫ﺮس‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﻨﺎت‬
َ
‫ﻧﺐ‬
َ ‫ر‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ 1. rabbit
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ ‫أرا‬
َ 2. hare
‫ﺳﺪ‬
َ ‫أ‬
َ lion
pl. ‫ﺳﺪ‬
ُ ‫أ‬
ُ , ‫أﺳﻮد‬
ُ
‫ﺒﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻄ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
ْ ‫إ‬ stable
pl. ‫ات‬-
‫ﻤﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻨ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
ِ ‫آ‬ ant-eater
‫ﻟﻴﻒ‬
ِ ‫أ‬
َ tame
‫ﻳﻞ‬
ِّ ‫أ‬ stag
pl. ‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫أﻳﺎﺋ‬
َ
‫ﺛﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ claw, paw
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺛ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺮا‬
َ
ANIMALS 11

19. ‫ﻐﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ mule
pl. ‫ﺑﻐﺎل‬
ِ
‫ﻘﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (coll.) 1. cows
pl. ‫ﺑﻘﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬ 2. see ‫ﺷﻴﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻬﻴﻤﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬
َ 1. large domestic animal
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺑﻬﺎﺋ‬
َ 2. quadruped
3. livestock (plural)
‫ﻠﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
ْ ‫ﺛ‬
َ fox
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺛﻌﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻨﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺛ‬
ُ fetlock
pl. ‫ﻨﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺛ‬
ُ
‫ﻮر‬
ْ ‫ﺛ‬
َ bull
pl. ‫ﺛﻴﺮان‬
ِ
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻮس‬ buffalo
pl. ‫ﺲ‬
ُ ‫ﻣﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺟﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺤﺶ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ young donkey
pl. ‫ﺟﺤﺎش‬
ِ
‫ﺪي‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ kid (small goat)
pl. ‫ﺪﻳﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ
‫ﺮذ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
ُ rat
pl. ‫ﺮذان‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ
‫ﺮو‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ 1. puppy
pl. ‫ﺟﺮاء‬
ِ , ‫ﺮ‬
ٍ ‫ﺟ‬
ْ ‫أ‬, 2. cub
‫ﺟﺮاء‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻤﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
َ camel
pl. ‫ﺟﻤﺎل‬
ِ
‫ﺟﻮاد‬
َ race horse, charger
pl. ‫ﺟﻴﺎد‬
‫ﻓﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ hoof
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺠﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ mare
pl. ‫ﺣﺠﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﺠﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ُ , ‫ﺠﻮرة‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ُ
‫ﻴﻮان‬
َ ‫ﺤ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪﻳﻘﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬
َ zoo
‫ﺤﺼﺎن‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺬوة‬
َ horse shoe
‫ﺣﺼﺎن‬
ِ stallion
pl. ‫ﺼﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ُ , ‫ﺼﻨﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺣﻤﺎر‬
ِ donkey
pl. ‫ﻤﻴﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬
َ
‫ﻮﺣﺶ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎر‬
ِ zebra
‫ﻤﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ lamb
pl. ‫ﻤﻼن‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ُ , ‫ﺣﻤﺎل‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻴﻮان‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ animal
pl. ‫ات‬-
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﺪﻳ‬
ْ ‫ﺛ‬
َ ‫ﻴﻮان‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ mammal
‫ﺮس‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ ‫ﻴﻮان‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ predatory animal
‫ﺻﺮة‬
ِ ‫ﺧﺎ‬ flank (horse)
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﻮا‬
َ
‫ﻃﻮم‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ trunk (elephant)
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻃﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺮوف‬
ُ ‫ﺧ‬
َ see ‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬
pl. ‫ﺮﻓﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ ,‫ﺧﺮاف‬
ِ ,‫ﺮﻓﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻔﺎش‬
َّ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ bat
pl. ‫ﺶ‬
ُ ‫ﻓﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﻔﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺶ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (i, u) to scratch
‫ﺰﻳﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ pig
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺧﻨﺎزﻳ‬
َ
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِّ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ﺰﻳﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ boar
pl. ‫ﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِّ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫زﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ب‬
ّ ‫د‬
ُ bear
pl. ‫ب‬
ُ ‫دﺑﺎ‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﺑﺒﺔ‬
َ ‫د‬
ِ
‫ﺴﻼن‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ ‫ب‬
ُّ ‫د‬
ُ sloth
‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ ‫دوا‬
َ poultry
‫ﻧﺐ‬
َ ‫ذ‬
َ see ‫ذﻳﻞ‬
pl. ‫ذﻧﺎب‬
ْ ‫أ‬
ANIMALS
12

20. ‫ﺋﺐ‬
ْ ‫ذ‬
ِ wolf
pl. ‫ذﺋﺎب‬, ‫ؤﺑﺎن‬
ْ ‫ذ‬
ُ
‫ﻳﻞ‬
ْ ‫ذ‬
ِ tail
pl. ‫ﻳﻮل‬
ُ ‫ذ‬
ُ , ‫ذﻳﺎل‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺟﻞ‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ْ ‫ﻷ‬
َ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻋﻲ‬
ِ ‫رﺑﺎ‬
ُ quadruped
‫دف‬
ْ ‫ر‬
ِ croup
pl. ‫ف‬
ُ ‫ردا‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫وث‬
ْ ‫ر‬
َ dung, droppings
pl. ‫رواث‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫زراﻓﺔ‬
َ giraffe
pl. ‫ﻒ‬
ُ ‫زراﺋ‬, ‫ﻓﻰ‬
َ ‫زرا‬
َ
‫ﺒﻊ‬
ُ ‫ﺳ‬
َ 1. beast of prey
pl. ‫ﺳﺒﺎع‬
ِ 2. see ‫اﺳﺪ‬
v
‫ﻤﻮر‬
ُّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ sable
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻣﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻤﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺳﻨﺎم‬
َ hump (camel)
pl. ‫ﻨﻤﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻨﺠﺎب‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ (grey) squirrel
‫ﺷﺎء‬ (coll.) 1. sheep
pl. ‫ﺷﻴﺎه‬
ِ , ‫ﺷﻮاه‬
ِ 2. ewes
‫ﺰي‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ﻤﺒﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
ِ chimpanzee
‫ﻬﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ back (horse)
pl. ‫ﺻﻬﺎء‬
ِ , ‫ات‬-
‫ﺒﻊ‬
ْ ‫ﺿ‬
َ hyena
pl. ‫ﺿﺒﺎع‬
ِ
‫ﺠﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ calf
pl. ‫ﻋﺠﻮل‬
ُ
‫ﺮف‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ mane (horse)
pl. ‫ﻋﺮاف‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺪﻳﻚ‬
ِّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮف‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ coxcomb
‫ﺮﻳﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ lion’s den, lair
pl. ‫ﺮن‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ
‫ﻨﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ see ‫ﻣﻌﺰ‬
pl. ‫ﻨﺰ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﻨﻮز‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ , ‫ز‬
ُ ‫ﻋﻨﺎ‬
ِ
‫ﻏﺰال‬
َ gazelle
pl. ‫ﺰﻻن‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
ِ
‫ﻨﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
َ see ‫ﺷﺎء‬ (1)
‫رﻳﻼ‬
ِ ‫ﻏﻮ‬
ُ gorilla
‫ﺄر‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ (coll.) 1. mice
pl. ‫ﺌﺮان‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ , ‫ﻓﻴﺮان‬
ِ 2. rats
‫ﺮس‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ horse
pl. ‫س‬
ُ ‫ﻓﺮا‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮس‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ hippopotamus
‫ﺼﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﺨ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫ﺮس‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ gelding
‫ﺮو‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ fur
pl. ‫ﻓﺮاء‬
ِ
‫ﻬﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ leopard, cheetah
pl. ‫ﻓﻬﻮد‬
ُ , ‫ﻬﺪ‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ
‫ﻓﻴﻞ‬
ِ elephant
pl. ‫ﻴﻠﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ , ‫ﻴﻮل‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ , ‫ﻓﻴﺎل‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺮد‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ monkey
pl. ‫ﻗﺮود‬
ُ
‫ﺮن‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ horn
pl. ‫ﺮون‬
ُ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ
‫ﻗﻀﺎﻋﺔ‬
ُ otter
‫ﻂ‬
ّ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ cat
pl. ‫ﻄﻂ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ
‫ﺰﺑﺎد‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻂ‬
ّ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ civet cat
‫ﻴﻄﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻄ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ kitten
‫ﻄﻴﻊ‬
ِ ‫ﻗ‬
َ flock, herd
pl. ‫ﻄﻌﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ , ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬
ِ , ‫ﻗﻄﺎع‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺪس‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ beaver
‫ﻔﺬ‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ hedgehog
pl. ‫ﺬ‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﻨﺎ‬
َ
ANIMALS 13

21. ‫رض‬
ِ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ rodent
pl. ‫ض‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﻗﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺒﺶ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ ram
pl. ‫ﻛﺒﺎش‬
ِ , ‫ﻛﺒﺎش‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ن‬
ّ ‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ rhinoceros
‫ﻒ‬
ّ ‫ﻛ‬
َ (f.) paw, foot
pl. ‫ﻔﻮف‬
ُ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ , ‫ﻒ‬
ّ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ ‫أ‬
‫ﻠﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ dog
pl. ‫ﻛﻼب‬
ِ
‫ﻛﻤﺎﻣﺔ‬
َ muzzle
‫ﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
َّ ‫ﻛ‬
َ to muzzle
‫ﻐﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ kangaroo
‫ﻻﻣﺔ‬ llama
‫ﻮة‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ lioness
‫ﺷﻴﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ cattle
‫ﻋﺰ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ see ‫ﻣﻌﺰ‬
pl. ‫ﺰ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺣﺶ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ wild
‫ﺮ‬
ّ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﺠ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ ruminant
‫ﻠﺐ‬
َ ‫ﺨ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ see ‫ﺑﺮﺛﻦ‬
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺮﻣﻮط‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ marmot
‫ﻌﺎز‬
ّ ‫ﻣ‬
َ goatherd
‫ﻌﺰ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ،‫ﻌﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ (coll.) goats
pl. ‫ﻌﺰ‬
ُ ‫ﻣ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻣﻬﺎة‬
َ wild cow
pl. ‫ﻬﻮات‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ
‫ﻬﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ foal
pl. ‫ﻣﻬﺎرة‬
ِ , ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻬﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ filly
‫ﻧﺎب‬ tusk
pl. ‫ﻧﻴﺎب‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻗﺔ‬ she-camel
pl. ‫ﻧﻮق‬
ُ
‫ﻤﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
َ 1. leopard
pl. ‫ﻤﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ُ 2. tiger
‫ﻤﺲ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ 1. mongoose
pl. ‫ﻤﻮس‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ُ 2. ferret, weasel
‫ﻧﻴﺺ‬
ِ porcupine
‫ﺠﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻫ‬
َ dromedary, racing camel
pl. ‫ﺠﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﻫ‬
ُ
‫ﺑﺮ‬
َ ‫و‬
َ hair, coat (camel, goat, cat)
pl. ‫وﺑﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺣﺶ‬
ْ ‫و‬
َ wild animal
pl. ‫ﺣﻮش‬
ُ ‫و‬
ُ
‫ﺷﻖ‬
َ ‫و‬
َ lynx
‫ﻃﻮاط‬
ْ ‫و‬
َ see ‫ﺧﻔﺎش‬
pl. ‫وط‬
ِ ‫وﻃﺎ‬
َ , ‫وﻳﻂ‬
ِ ‫وﻃﺎ‬
َ
Birds
‫ﺑﺎز‬ falcon
pl. ‫ﺑﻴﺰان‬
ِ
‫ض‬
َ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ (i) to lay eggs
‫ﺒﻐﺎء‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ parrot
‫ﺠﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (coll.) pelicans
‫ﺮوش‬
ُ ‫ﺸ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ flamingo
‫ﻂ‬
ّ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (coll.) ducks
‫ﺮﻳﻖ‬
ِ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ penguin
pl. ‫ﻖ‬
ُ ‫رﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﻄﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺸﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ heron
ANIMALS
14

22. ‫ﺑﻮم‬
ُ owl
pl. ‫ﺑﻮام‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫رج‬
ُ ‫ﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ pheasant
pl. ‫رﺟﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ
‫ﻢ‬
ّ ‫ﺗ‬
َ (coll.) swans
‫ﺟﻨﺎح‬
ِ wing
pl. ‫ﻨﺤﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺟ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫رى‬
َ ‫ﺣﺒﺎ‬
ُ bustard
pl. ‫رﻳﺎت‬
َ ‫ﺣﺒﺎ‬
ُ
‫ﺪأة‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ kite
pl. ‫ﺪأ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ , ‫ﺣﺪاء‬
ِ , ‫ﺪآن‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ
‫ﺣﻤﺎم‬
َ (coll.) pigeons, doves
‫دﺟﺎج‬
َ (coll.) chickens, hens
‫دﻳﻚ‬
ِ cock
pl. ‫دﻳﻜﺔ‬
ِ , ‫ﻳﻮك‬
ُ ‫د‬
ُ , ‫دﻳﺎك‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻣﻲ‬
ِ ‫رو‬
ُ ‫دﻳﻚ‬ turkey (cock)
‫رﻳﺶ‬
ِ (coll.) feathers, plumage
pl. ‫رﻳﺎش‬
ِ , ‫رﻳﺎش‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻤﺎن‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ (coll.) quails
‫ﻤﻦ‬
ُّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ see ‫ﺳﻤﺎن‬
pl. ‫ﻣﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻤﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻧﻮ‬
ُ ‫ﻨﻮ‬
ُ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ swallow
‫ﻮﺣﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ vulture
‫ﻘﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ 1. see ‫ﺑﺎز‬
pl. ‫ﻘﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺻ‬
ُ , ‫ﻘﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺻ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ 2. hawk
‫ر‬
َ ‫ﻃﺎ‬ (i) to fly
‫ﻨﺎن‬
َّ ‫ﻃ‬
َ hummingbird
‫ووس‬
ُ ‫ﻃﺎ‬ peacock
pl. ‫ﺲ‬
ُ ‫وﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﻃﻮا‬
َ
‫ﻴﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻃ‬
َ (coll/n.un.) bird
pl. ‫ﻃﻴﻮر‬
ُ
‫ﻴﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﻃ‬
َ flight
‫ﺟﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻬﺎ‬
ُ ‫ﻴﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻃ‬
َ migratory bird
‫رح‬
ِ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻃ‬
َ bird of prey
pl. ‫رﺣﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ ‫ﻴﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﻃ‬
ُ
‫ﺶ‬
َ ‫ﺸ‬
ّ ‫ﻋ‬
َ to build a nest
‫ﺶ‬
ّ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ nest
pl. ‫ﻋﺸﺎش‬
ِ , ‫ﻋﺸﺎش‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﺸﺸﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ
‫ﻔﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺼ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ sparrow
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻓﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻋﺼﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻋﻘﺎب‬
ُ eagle
pl. ‫ﻘﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﻘﺒﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ
‫ﻌﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻘ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ magpie
‫ﻟﻴﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ nightingale
pl. ‫ل‬
ُ ‫د‬
ِ ‫ﻋﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻏﺮاب‬
ُ 1. raven
pl. ‫ﺮﺑﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
ِ 2. crow
‫ﻧﻮق‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
ُ crane
pl. ‫ﻖ‬
ُ ‫ﻧﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻏﺮا‬
َ
‫خ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ to hatch (eggs)
‫اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﺎق‬ cormorant
‫ﻔﺺ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ cage
pl. ‫ﻗﻔﺎص‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺒﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ (coll.) larks
pl. ‫ﺑﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻜﻮت‬
ُ ‫ﺘ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ chick
pl. ‫ﻛﻴﺖ‬
ِ ‫ﻛﺘﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻛﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ crane
pl. ‫ﻛﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻛﺮا‬
َ
‫ري‬
ِ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬
َ canary
‫ﻘﻼق‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ stork
pl. ‫ﻖ‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻟﻘﺎ‬
َ
ANIMALS 15

23. ‫ﻨﻘﺎر‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ beak, bill
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻗﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻧﻌﺎم‬
َ (coll.) ostriches
(pl. ‫ﻧﻌﺎﺋﻢ‬
َ )
‫ﺸﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﺨ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﺎر‬
َّ ‫ﻧ‬
َ woodpecker
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (a) to peck
‫رس‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (coll.) sea gulls
pl. ‫س‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﻧﻮا‬
َ
‫ﻫﺪ‬
ُ ‫ﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﻫ‬
ُ hoopoe
pl. ‫ﺪ‬
ُ ‫ﻫ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﺪا‬
َ
‫ز‬
ّ ‫و‬
َ (coll.) geese
‫ﻗﻮاق‬
ْ ‫و‬
َ cuckoo
Marine animals
‫ﻴﻒ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ ‫أﺑﻮ‬
ّ swordfish
‫ﺒﻮط‬
ُ ‫ﻄ‬
ُ ‫ﺧ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
ُ octopus
‫ﺒﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺤ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫م‬
ّ ‫أ‬
ُ squid
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﺋ‬
ِ ‫ﺮﻣﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ amphibian
pl. ‫ات‬-
‫ﺤﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻠﺢ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ mussel
‫ﺑﻮري‬ (striped/red) mullet
‫ﻦ‬
ّ ‫ﺗ‬
ُ (coll.) tuna
‫ﺤﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮاد‬
َّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ crayfish
‫ﺮﻳﺚ‬
ِّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ eel
‫ﺒﺎر‬
َّ ‫ﺣ‬
َ see ‫اﻟﺤﺒﺮ‬ ‫أم‬
‫ﺷﻒ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ fish scale
pl. ‫ﺷﻒ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺴﻚ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ (coll.) fishbones
‫ﺣﻮت‬
ُ whale
pl. ‫ﺣﻴﺘﺎن‬
ِ , ‫ﺣﻮات‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ﻴﻮان‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ marine animal
pl. ‫ﻳﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ
‫ﺸﻮم‬
ُ ‫ﻴ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ gill
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺷﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﻴﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻔﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻟ‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ dolphin
pl. ‫ﻓﻴﻨﺚ‬
ِ ‫دﻻ‬
َ
‫ﻋﺎد‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ر‬
َ (coll.) electric ray
‫ﻨﻔﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ fin, flipper
pl. ‫ﻒ‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ ‫زﻋﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻤﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ْ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ salmon
‫ﺮب‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ shoal (fish)
pl. ‫ﺳﺮاب‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫دﻳﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﺮ‬
َ (coll.) sardines
‫ﺮﻃﺎن‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ 1. crab
pl. ‫ات‬ 2. see ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺮاد‬
‫ﺮي‬
ِ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ﺮﻃﺎن‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ lobster
‫ﺮي‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬
ْ ‫ﻘ‬
ُ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ mackerel
‫ﻤﻚ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ (coll.) fish
pl. ‫ﺳﻤﺎك‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺮس‬
ْ ‫ﺘ‬
ُّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻚ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ turbot
‫ﺳﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻣﻮ‬
ُ ‫ﻤﻚ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ sole
‫ﺒﻮط‬
ُّ ‫ﺷ‬
َ carp
‫ﺪف‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬
َ (coll.) pearl oysters
pl. ‫ﺻﺪاف‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺤﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺠﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ seal
‫روس‬
ُ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ seabass
‫ﺪ‬
ّ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ cod
‫ﺮش‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ shark
ANIMALS
16

24. ‫ﻣﻮط‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ catfish
pl. ‫ﻂ‬
ُ ‫ﻣﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺪس‬
ِ ‫ﻳ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ (coll.) shrimp
‫ﺸﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ (coll.) fish scales
pl. ‫ﻗﺸﻮر‬
ُ
‫ﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ crustacean
‫ﺤﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻔﺬ‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ sea urchin
‫ﻓﻴﺎر‬
ِ ‫ﻛﺎ‬ caviar
Reptiles and insects
‫ﻰ‬
ً ‫ﻓﻌ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ adder, viper
pl. ‫ع‬
ٍ ‫أﻓﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻣﻴﺒﺔ‬
ِ ‫أ‬
َ amoeba
‫ﺮص‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ gecko
‫ﻏﻮث‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ flea
pl. ‫ﺚ‬
ُ ‫ﻏﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺮا‬
َ
‫ﻖ‬
ّ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (coll.) bedbugs
‫ردان‬
ْ ‫و‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺖ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ earthworm
‫ﺒﻮت‬
ُ ‫ﻜ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺖ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ spider’s web
‫ﻤﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻨ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻞ‬
ّ ‫ﺗ‬
َ ant hill
‫ﻤﺴﺎح‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
ِ crocodile
pl. ‫ﺢ‬
ُ ‫ﺳﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﻤﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻌﺒﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﺛ‬
ُ snake
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺑﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺛﻌﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺮاد‬
ّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ (coll.) locusts
‫ﺮﺑﺎء‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ chameleon
pl. ‫ﺑﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺸﺮة‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ insect
‫ﻠﺰون‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ snail
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫زﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﻼ‬
َ
‫ﺤﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻨ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻠﻴﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬
َ beehive
‫ﻔﺴﺎء‬
ْ ‫ﻨ‬
ُ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ dung beetle
pl. ‫ﺲ‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺑﻮر‬
ُّ ‫د‬
َ hornet
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺑﻴ‬
ِ ‫دﺑﺎ‬
َ
‫دود‬
ُ (coll.) worms, maggots
pl. ‫دﻳﺪان‬
ِ
‫ﺮﻳﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫دودة‬
ُ tapeworm
‫ﺰ‬
ّ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫دودة‬ silkworm
‫دي‬
ِ ‫دو‬
ُ worm-like
‫ذﺑﺎب‬
ُ (coll.) flies
(pl. ‫ﺑﺔ‬
َّ ‫ذ‬
ِ ‫أ‬
َ ،‫ﺑﺎن‬
َّ ‫ذ‬
ِ )
‫رض‬
ِ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ذﺑﺎب‬
ُ horsefly
‫ﺣﻒ‬
ِ ‫زا‬ reptile
pl. ‫ﻒ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫زوا‬
َ
‫ﻒ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ ‫ز‬
َ (a) to creep, crawl
‫زﻳﺰ‬
ِ (coll.) cicada
‫ﻠﻴﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ lizard
pl. ‫ل‬
ٍ ‫ﺳﺤﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺮب‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ 1. swarm (e.g. bees)
pl. ‫ﺳﺮاب‬
ْ ‫أ‬ 2. colony (ants)
‫ﺤﻔﺎة‬
ْ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ tortoise
pl. ‫ﻒ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻼ‬
َ
‫ﺪر‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ salamander
‫ﺳﻮس‬
ُ (coll.) mites, woodworms
(pl. ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺎن‬
ِ )
ANIMALS 17

25. ‫ﻧﻘﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ chrysalis
pl. ‫ﻖ‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ ‫ﺷﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺻﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
ُ 1. cricket
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺻﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺻﺮا‬
َ 2. cockroach
‫ﺪع‬
ِ ‫ﻔ‬
ْ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ frog
pl. ‫دع‬
ِ ‫ﺿﻔﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻠﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬
ْ ‫ﻔ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
ُ parasite
pl. ‫ﻴﺎت‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﻴ‬
ْ ‫ﻔ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
ُ
‫ﺜﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ moth
pl. ‫ﺜﺚ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ
‫ﺒﻮت‬
ُ ‫ﻜ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ spider
‫ﺒﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮس‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ praying mantis
‫ﻓﺮاﺷﺔ‬
َ butterfly
‫ﻗﺮادة‬
ُ tick
pl. ‫ﺮدان‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ
‫ﺸﻌﺎر‬
ْ ‫ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
ْ ‫ﻻ‬
ِ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺮن‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ antenna
‫ﻤﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (coll.) lice
‫غ‬
َ ‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬
َ (u) to bite (snake), to sting
‫ﺪﻏﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ snakebite, sting
‫ﺪﻣﺎء‬
ِّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺼﺎص‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ bloodsucker
‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﺤ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ apiary, beehive
pl. ‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻧﺎﻣﻮس‬ (coll.) mosquitoes
pl. ‫ﺲ‬
ُ ‫ﻣﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺤﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (coll.) bees
‫ﺒﻮت‬
ُ ‫ﻜ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﻴﺞ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
َ see ‫اﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮت‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺖ‬
‫ﻤﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (coll.) ants
(pl. ‫ﻧﻤﺎل‬
ِ )
‫ﺮﻗﺎن‬
َ ‫ﻳ‬
َ (coll.) larvae
‫دع‬
ِ ‫ﻀﻔﺎ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮﻗﺎﻧﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻳ‬
َ tadpole
‫ﻌﻮب‬
ُ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﻳ‬
َ drone, male bee
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﺳﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻳﻌﺎ‬
َ
Animal sounds
‫ﻂ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ to quack (duck)
‫ﺛﻐﺎ‬
َ (u) to bleat (sheep)
‫ﺧﺎر‬ (u) to moo, to low (cattle)
‫ن‬
َ ‫د‬
َ (u) to buzz, hum (insect)
‫ر‬
َ ‫زأ‬
َ (a, i) see ‫ﻋﺠﻌﺞ‬, ‫زﻣﺠﺮ‬
‫ق‬
َ ‫ﺰ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ to chirp (bird)
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ to roar (lion)
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﺸ‬
َ ‫ﻘ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ to twitter
‫ح‬
َ ‫ﺻﺎ‬ (i) to cry (bird)
‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺻ‬
َ (i) to chirp (cricket)
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬
َ (i) 1. to whistle (bird)
2. see ‫ﻓﺢ‬
3. see ‫ﺮ‬
ّ ‫ﺻ‬
‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻬ‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬
َ (i) to neigh
‫ﻬﻴﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﺻ‬
َ neighing
‫ﻮى‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬
َ (i) to peep, squeak
‫ﺻﻴﺎح‬
ِ cry (bird)
‫ﺞ‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﺠ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ to bellow (e.g. bull)
‫ﺪﻟﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ song of the nightingale
‫ﻮى‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (i) 1. to howl (wolf, jackal)
2. to yelp
‫د‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﻏ‬
َ ،‫د‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻏ‬
َ (a) to sing, warble (bird)
‫ﺢ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓ‬
َ (u, i) to hiss (snake)
‫ق‬
َ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ (u) to cackle, cluck (hen)
ANIMALS
18

26. ‫ﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (a) 1. to grunt (pig)
2. to trumpet (elephant)
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﻘ‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ to clatter (stork)
‫ﻣﺎء‬ (u) to miaow
‫ﻣﻮاء‬
ُ miaow
‫ﺢ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (a) 1. to bark
2. to bay
‫ﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (a, i) to croak (raven)
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (a, i) to snort
‫ﻖ‬
َّ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (i) 1. see ‫ﻗﺎق‬
2. to croak (frog)
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻬ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (a) to bray (donkey)
‫ﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻬ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
ْ ‫ﻫ‬
َ see ‫ﺢ‬
َ ‫ﻧﺒ‬ (2)
‫ل‬
َ ‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬
َ (i) to coo (pigeon)
Food and drink
‫ﺮﻳﻖ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬
ْ ‫إ‬ 1. pitcher, jug
pl. ‫ﻖ‬
ُ ‫رﻳ‬
ِ ‫اﺑﺎ‬
| 2. coffee pot
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫دوات‬
َ ‫أ‬
َ cutlery
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﺸ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
ِ to snuff
‫ﺬﻳﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻏ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ foodstuffs
‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
َ ‫أ‬
َ (u) to eat
‫ﻛﻞ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ food
‫ﻟﺒﺎن‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ dairy products
‫ﺘﺸﺎء‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
ِ intoxication
‫ﺸﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
ِ to become intoxicated
‫د‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (u) to cool off
‫د‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺑ‬
َ to chill, refrigerate
‫ﺮﻣﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ earthenware pot
pl. ‫ﺑﺮام‬
ِ , ‫ﺮم‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ
‫ﺮﻳﻤﺔ‬
ِّ ‫ﺑ‬
َ corkscrew
‫ﺴﻜﻮﻳﺖ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ biscuit
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺸ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (u) to grate
‫ﻘﺎل‬
َّ ‫ﺑ‬
َ grocer
pl. ‫ﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ , ‫ون‬-
‫ﺴﻤﺎت‬
ُ ‫ﻘ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ rusk
‫ﻊ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (a) to swallow
‫ﺑﻴﺮة‬
ِ beer
‫ﻴﺾ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (coll.) eggs
‫ﺷﺖ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ﻴﻀﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ soft-boiled egg
‫ا‬
ً ‫ﺪ‬
ّ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ ‫ﻠﻮﻗﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫ﻴﻀﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ hard-boiled egg
‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
َّ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ to freeze (intrans.)
‫ﻤﻴﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﺠ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ embellishment, icing
‫ﺸﻰ‬
َّ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬ to have dinner (evening meal)
‫ﺪى‬
َّ ‫ﻐ‬
ّ ‫ﺗ‬
َ to have lunch
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬/‫ب‬
ِ ‫ﺬى‬
َ ‫ﻐ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ to live on
‫ﺬﻳﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻐ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ nutrition
‫ﺸﻴﻘﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ pinch of snuff
‫رﺗﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺗﻮ‬
ُ pie, tart
‫ﺳﺖ‬
ْ ‫ﺗﻮ‬
ُ toast
‫ﻼﺟﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﺛ‬
َ refrigerator
‫ف‬
ّ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ dry
‫ﻣﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ hard, solid
pl. ‫ﺪ‬
ُ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ ‫ﺟﻮا‬
َ
FOOD AND DRINK 19

27. ‫ﺒﺎن‬
َّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ cheese seller
‫ﺒﻨﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ cheese
‫ﺸﻮرة‬
ُ ‫ﺒ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫ﺒﻨﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ grated cheese
‫ﺮة‬
ّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ jar
pl. ‫ﺟﺮار‬
ِ
‫ﺰار‬
َّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ butcher
‫ر‬
َ ‫ﺰ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
َ (u) to slaughter (animals)
‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
َّ ‫ﺟ‬
َ to freeze (trans.)
‫ﻬﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬
ِ coffee machine
‫ر‬
ّ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ hot
‫ﺣﺴﺎء‬
َ soup, broth
‫ﺣﺸﺎ‬
َ (u) to stuff
‫ﺸﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ stuffing
‫ﻆ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬
َ (a) to preserve, keep
‫ﻠﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ُ sweet (adj.)
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﺋ‬
ِ ‫ﻠﻮا‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ confectioner
‫ﻮﻳﺎت‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ sweets, confectionery
‫ﻠﻴﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬
َ milk
‫ﺾ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
َ (u) to be/become sour
‫ﺒﺎز‬
َّ ‫ﺧ‬
َ baker
‫ﺒﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ bread
‫دل‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ mustard
‫ﺧﺸﺎرة‬
ُ leftover (of meal)
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻀ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ greengrocer
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (i, u) to beat (eggs), whip (cream)
‫ﻞ‬
ّ ‫ﺧ‬
َ vinegar
‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َّ ‫ﺧ‬
َ to pickle, marinate
‫ﻂ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (i) to mix
‫ﻠﻴﻂ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬
َ mixture
‫ﻤﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (m/f) wine
pl. ‫ﻤﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ
‫ﻤﻴﺮة‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬
َ yeast, ferment
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺧﻤﺎﺋ‬
َ
‫ع‬
ٍ ‫دا‬ host, inviter
pl. ‫دﻋﺎة‬
ُ
‫ﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
َّ ‫د‬
َ to smoke (food)
‫ﻤﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫رﺟﺔ‬
َ ‫د‬
َ freezing point
‫ﺳﺘﺔ‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ dozen
(‫)إﻟﻰ‬ ‫دﻋﺎ‬
َ (u) to invite s.o. (to)
‫ﻋﻮة‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ invitation
‫غ‬
َ ‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ to crunch (with the teeth)
‫ﻗﻴﻖ‬
ِ ‫د‬
َ flour
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬
َ ‫د‬
َ (u) to spill (liquid)
‫ب‬
َ ‫ذا‬ (u) to melt, dissolve
‫ق‬
َ ‫ذا‬ (u) to taste
‫وق‬
ْ ‫ذ‬
َ taste
‫واق‬
ّ ‫ذ‬
َ gourmet, foodie
‫ﺢ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ذ‬
َ (a) to slaughter (by slitting the
throat)
‫ﺳﺐ‬
ِ ‫را‬ sediment, dregs
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ ‫روا‬
َ
‫ﻒ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ ‫ر‬
َ (u, i) to sip
‫ﺷﻔﺔ‬
ْ ‫ر‬
َ gulp, sip (drink)
‫ﻏﻮة‬
ْ ‫ر‬
َ foam, froth
‫ﻏﻴﻒ‬
ِ ‫ر‬
َ flat loaf of bread, roll
pl. ‫ﻏﻔﺔ‬
ِ ‫را‬, ‫ﻏﻔﺎن‬
ْ ‫ر‬
ُ , ‫ﻏﻒ‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ُ
‫ى‬
‫ﹰ‬ ‫ﻠﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ ‫رﻗﺎﻗﺔ‬
ُ waffle
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َّ ‫ر‬
َ to roll out
FOOD AND DRINK
20

28. ‫روح‬
ُ essence
‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ ‫ز‬
َ (u) to churn
‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َّ ‫ز‬
َ to froth (milk)
‫ﺑﺪة‬
ْ ‫ز‬
ُ butter
‫ﺼﻔﺎة‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ ‫ﺑﺪة‬
ْ ‫ز‬
ُ clarified butter
‫ﺪﻳﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ bowl
pl. ‫دي‬
ِ ‫زﺑﺎ‬
َ
‫زﺟﺎﺟﺔ‬
ُ bottle
‫ق‬
ّ ‫ز‬
ِ skin (as receptacle for liquids)
pl. ‫ﻗﺔ‬
َّ ‫ز‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺖ‬
َ ‫ﻳ‬
َّ ‫ز‬
َ to add oil to (food)
‫ﻳﺖ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ oil
pl. ‫زﻳﻮت‬
ُ
‫ﺘﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻳ‬
ْ ‫ﺰ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻳﺖ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ olive oil
‫ﺗﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺒﺎ‬
َ ‫ﻳﺖ‬
ْ ‫ز‬
َ vegetable oil
‫زﻳﺮ‬
ِ large conical (clay) waterjar
pl. ‫زﻳﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫زﻳﺎر‬
ِ
‫ﺳﺎدة‬ unsweetened (tea, coffee)
‫ﺳﺎﻃﻮر‬ chopper, cleaver
‫ﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬ liquid
(‫ﻄﺒﺦ‬
َّ ‫)اﻟ‬ ‫ﻚ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ 1. to braise
2. to stew
‫ﺠﻖ‬
ُ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ sausage
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﺤ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ (a) to grind, crush
‫ﺨﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ hot
‫ﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺨ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ to heat up
‫ﻔﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ dining table
pl. ‫ﻔﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ
‫ﻘﺎء‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ water carrier
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻜ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
َ (a) to get drunk
‫ﻜﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ sugar
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻛﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻜﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺜﻤﺎر‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ fructose
‫ﺧﺎم‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ raw sugar
‫ﻌﻴﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬
َّ ‫ﻜﺮاﻟ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ maltose
‫ﻌﻨﺐ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ dextrose
‫ﺼﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ cane sugar
‫ﺒﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ lactose
‫ﺮر‬
َّ ‫ﻣﻜ‬
ُ ‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ refined sugar
‫ﻋﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ powdered sugar
‫ﻨﺒﺎت‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ rock candy
‫ﻜﺮان‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ drunk (adj.)
f. ‫ﺮى‬
َ ‫ﻜ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ ; pl. ‫رى‬
َ ‫ﺳﻜﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻜﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ drunkenness
‫ﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻜ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ sugar bowl
‫ﺮﻳﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻜ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ saccharin
‫ﻜﻴﺮ‬
ِّ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ drunkard
‫ﻜﻴﻦ‬
ِّ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ knife
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﻛﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻜﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ ‫ﻠﻄﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ tureen
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﻃﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻼ‬
َ
‫ﻤﺎك‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ fishmonger
‫ﻤﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ clarified butter
pl. ‫ﻤﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ
‫وﻳﺶ‬
ِ ‫ﻨﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ sandwich
pl. ‫ات‬-
‫ﺷﺎي‬ tea
‫ﻨﻊ‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
ْ ‫ﻨ‬
َّ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺷﺎي‬ mint tea
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮز‬
ِ ‫ﺷﺎي‬ almond tea
FOOD AND DRINK 21

29. ‫ﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (a) to satisfy one’s appetite
‫ﺒﻌﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ sated, satisfied (eating)
f. ‫ﻌﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ , pl. ‫ﻋﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺷﺒﺎ‬
َ , ‫ﺷﺒﺎع‬
ِ
‫ﺤﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ fat (n.)
‫ﺷﺮاب‬
َ drink
pl. ‫ﺮﺑﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ب‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (a) to drink
‫ﺒﻪ‬
َ ‫ﺨ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
َ ‫ب‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ to drink to someone’s health
‫ﺮﺑﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
ُ 1. soup
pl. ‫ﺮﺑﺎت‬
ُ ‫ﺷ‬
ُ 2. draught, swallow
‫ح‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺷ‬
َ to slice
‫ﺒﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮش‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
ِ whey
‫ﺮه‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ glutton
‫ﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ slice, sliver
pl. ‫ﺢ‬
ُ ‫ﺷﺮاﺋ‬
َ
‫ﻄﻴﺮة‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ see ‫ﺳﻨﺪوﻳﺶ‬
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺷﻄﺎﺋ‬
َ
‫ﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻌﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺷ‬
َ vermicelli
‫ﻔﺎﻃﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺷ‬
َ siphon
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺮﺑﺎﺋ‬
َ ‫ﻬ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ ‫ﻔﺎﻃﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺷ‬
َ extractor hood
‫ﻤﺒﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ champagne
‫ﻮاﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺷ‬
َ grill
‫ﺑﻚ‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ rolling pin
pl. ‫ﻚ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺷﻮا‬
َ
‫ﻮﻛﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ fork
pl. ‫ﻮك‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
ُ
‫ﻮى‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (i) 1. to roast
2. to grill
‫د‬
َ ‫ﺻﺎ‬ (i) to hunt
‫م‬
َ ‫ﺻﺎ‬ (u) to fast
‫ﺐ‬
َّ ‫ﺻ‬
َ (u) to pour
‫ﺤﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ plate
pl. ‫ﺤﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﺻ‬
ُ
‫ﻴﻀﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺻﻔﺎر‬
َ egg yolk
‫ﻔﺎ‬
َّ ‫ﺻ‬
َ 1. to pour off (water)
2. to strain
‫ﻠﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
ُ see ‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬
‫ﻠﺼﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ sauce
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﺻﻨﺎ‬
ِ artificial
‫ﻮم‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ fast(ing)
‫ﻴﺎد‬
َّ ‫ﺻ‬
َ huntsman
‫ﻤﻚ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ ‫ﻴﺎد‬
َّ ‫ﺻ‬
َ fisherman
‫ﺻﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
ِ serving tray
pl. ‫ن‬
ٍ ‫ﺻﻮا‬
َ
‫ﻴﻒ‬
ْ ‫ﺿ‬
َ guest
pl. ‫ﻴﻮف‬
ُ ‫ﺿ‬
ُ
‫ﺟﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻃﺎ‬ frying pan
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ ‫ﻃﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺒﺎخ‬
َّ ‫ﻃ‬
َ cook
‫ﺦ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
َ (u, a) to cook
‫ﺒﺨﺎر‬
ُ ‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺦ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
َ to steam
‫ﺒﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
َ 1. see ‫ﺻﺤﻦ‬
pl. ‫ﻃﺒﺎق‬
ْ ‫أ‬ 2. dish (course)
‫ﻨﺠﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﻔ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ saucer
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻌ‬
ِ ‫ﺒﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻃ‬
َ natural, organic
‫ﺤﺎن‬
ّ ‫ﻃ‬ miller
‫ﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺤ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
َ (a) 1. see ‫ﺳﺤﻖ‬
2. to grind (coffee)
‫ﺤﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻃ‬
َ flour
FOOD AND DRINK
22

30. ‫رة‬
َّ ‫ﺬ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺤﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻃ‬
َ cornflour
‫ﺷﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻃ‬
ُ pickles
‫ﻌﻤﺎل‬
ْ ‫ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
ْ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻃ‬
َ directions for use
‫ﻃﻌﺎم‬
َ see ‫ﻛﻞ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻌﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﻃ‬
َ flavour
pl. ‫ﻌﻮم‬
ُ ‫ﻃ‬
ُ
‫ﻬﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
َ (u) to cook, stew
‫ﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻴ‬
َّ ‫ﻃ‬
َ to season
‫ﻴﻀﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮف‬
ْ ‫ﻇ‬
َ egg cup
pl. - ‫ﺮوف‬
ُ ‫ﻇ‬
ُ
‫ﺒﺄ‬
َّ ‫ﻋ‬
َ to bottle
‫ﺠﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ omelette
‫ﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (i, u) to knead
‫ﺠﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ dough, batter, paste
pl. ‫ﺠﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ
‫م‬
َ ‫ﺰ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (i) see ‫دﻋﺎ‬
‫ﺴﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ honey
pl. ‫ﻋﺴﺎل‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﺴﻮل‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ
‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺴ‬
ُّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ treacle
‫ﻋﺸﺎء‬
َ dinner, supper
pl. ‫ﺸﻴﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺼﺎرة‬
َّ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (fruit) press
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (i) to squeeze, press (fruit)
‫ﺼﻴﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ juice
‫ﻛﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﻔﻮا‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﻴﺮ‬ fruit juice
‫ﺾ‬
ّ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (a) to bite
‫ﻠﺒﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ packet, pack
pl. ‫ﻠﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ
‫ﻚ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (i,u) to chew
‫ﻠﻚ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ mastic, chewing gum
‫ﻏﺪاء‬
َ lunch
pl. ‫ﺪﻳﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻏ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻏﺬاﺋ‬
ِ nutritional
‫ﺮﺑﺎل‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
ِ sieve, colander
pl. ‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﺑﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻏﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
َ to simmer, bubble (food
in pot)
‫ﺾ‬
ّ ‫ﻏ‬
َ tender, succulent
‫ﻼﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻏ‬
َ kettle
‫ﻠﻰ‬
َّ ‫ﻏ‬
َ to boil
‫ﻠﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
َ (i) 1. see ‫ﻠﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
2. to ferment
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻬ‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺗﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ appetizing
‫رغ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ empty
‫ﺳﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ see ‫ﻔﻦ‬
ِّ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ
‫ض‬
ٍ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ see ‫ﻓﺎرغ‬
‫ﻛﻬﺎﻧﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﺎ‬ fruit seller
pl. ‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ ‫ﻜﻬﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ
‫ﺒﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﺨ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺎت‬
ُ breadcrumbs
(‫ﺰﺟﺎﺟﺎت‬
َّ ‫)اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻓ‬ bottle opener
(‫ﻠﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
ُ ‫)اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ tin opener
‫ﺦ‬
ّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ trap (animals)
pl. ‫ﻓﺨﺎخ‬
ِ , ‫ﺨﻮخ‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ
‫ﺨﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ leg of lamb
‫ﺮاﻣﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ mincer
‫م‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ (i) to chop, mince
‫ﺮن‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ oven
pl. ‫ﻓﺮان‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻓﺸﺎر‬
ِ popcorn
‫ﺺ‬
ّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ 1. clove (garlic)
pl. ‫ﺼﻮص‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ 2. segment (orange)
FOOD AND DRINK 23

31. ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
َ (u) to have breakfast
‫ﻄﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ breakfast
‫ﻨﺠﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ cup
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺟﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﻓﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻮال‬
َّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ beanseller
(‫ﻔﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ ) ‫ﻓﻮﻃﺔ‬ napkin
pl. ‫ﻮط‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ
‫رق‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻃﺔ‬ paper napkin
‫رورة‬
ُ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ long-necked bottle
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫رﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﻮا‬
َ
‫ﻄﻌﺎم‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ menu
‫ﻟﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ mould
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﻮا‬
َ
‫ﻗﺪا‬
َ (u)/‫ى‬
َ ‫ﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (i) to be savoury (food)
‫ﺪح‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ cup, beaker
‫ﺪر‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ pot
pl. ‫ﺪور‬
ُ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ
‫ﺪﻳﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻗ‬
َ jerked meat
‫م‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (i) to nibble
‫ﺮﻣﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ chopping block
pl. ‫ﺮم‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ
‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺸ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (u) to skim (cream)
‫ﺸﺪة‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ cream
‫ﻔﻮﻗﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﺨ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫ﺸﺪة‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ whipped cream
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺸ‬
َّ ‫ﻗ‬
َ to peel
‫ﺒﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﺨ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ bread crust
‫ﺐ‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (i) to cut up (slaughtered
animals)
‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺴ‬
ُّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺼﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ sugar cane
‫ﺼﻌﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ bowl
pl. ‫ﺼﻌﺎت‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ , ‫ﺼﻊ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ , ‫ﻗﺼﺎع‬
ِ
‫ﻗﻼ‬
َ (u) to fry
‫ﻤﻊ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ funnel
pl. ‫ﻗﻤﺎع‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻨﻴﻨﺔ‬
ِّ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ 1. flask
pl. ‫ن‬
ٍ ‫ﻗﻨﺎ‬
َ 2. see ‫زﺟﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻬﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ coffee
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ ‫ﻬﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ Turkish coffee
‫ﻛﺄس‬ glass
pl. ‫ات‬-, ‫ﻛﺆوس‬, ‫ﻛﺌﺎس‬
ِ
‫ﺐ‬
َّ ‫ﻛ‬
َ (u) to pour out/away (liquid)
‫ﺲ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻛ‬
َ (i) to preserve (e.g. in vinegar)
‫ﺒﺸﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ 1. scoop
2. spatula
‫ﻛﺮار‬
َ pantry
pl. ‫ات‬-
‫ﻮز‬
ْ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺴﺎرة‬
َّ ‫ﻛ‬
َ nutcracker
‫ﻠﻴﺘﻪ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬
ُ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
ُ cutlet
‫ﻌﻚ‬
ْ ‫ﻛ‬
َ cake
‫ﻛﻮب‬
ُ cup
pl. ‫ﻛﻮاب‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ن‬
َ ‫ﻻ‬ (i) to become soft
‫ﺐ‬
ّ ‫ﻟ‬
ُ core, kernel (fruit)
pl. ‫ﺒﻮب‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ُ
‫ﺒﺎن‬
َّ ‫ﻟ‬
َ milkman
‫ﺒﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬
َ see ‫ﺣﻠﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺾ‬
ّ ‫ﺨ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬
َ butter milk
‫ﺳﻢ‬
ِ ‫د‬
َ ‫ﻴﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
َ ‫ﺒﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬
َ skimmed milk
‫ﺳﻢ‬
ِ ‫د‬
َ ‫ﺼﻒ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
ُ ‫ﺒﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬
َ semi-skimmed milk
‫ﺲ‬
َ ‫ﺤ‬
ِ ‫ﻟ‬
َ (a) to lick
‫ﺤﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ meat
pl. ‫ﺤﻮم‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ُ
FOOD AND DRINK
24

32. ‫ﺮوم‬
ُ ‫ﻔ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫ﺤﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ minced meat
‫ﺬﻳﺬ‬
ِ ‫ﻟ‬
َ tasty
‫ف‬
َّ ‫ﻟ‬
َ (u) to roll up
‫ﻬﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬
َ flame
‫ﻠﻴﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻮح‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
َ block of ice
pl. ‫ات‬-, ‫ﻟﻮاح‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻫﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺰ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ orange-blossom water
‫رد‬
ْ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎء‬ rose water
‫دﺑﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﺄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ banquet
pl. ‫ب‬
ُ ‫د‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬
| ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻟﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ salty
‫وى‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ juicy
‫ﻣﺎﻳﻮﻧﻴﺰ‬ mayonnaise
‫ﺸﺮة‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ grater
‫ب‬
ِ ‫ﻄﻦ‬
َّ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ lined with
‫ﺒﻞ‬
َّ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ spicy
‫ﻔﻦ‬
ِّ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ rotten, mouldy
‫ﺰرة‬
َ ‫ﺠ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ slaughterhouse
‫ﻔﻒ‬
َّ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ dried
‫ﻔﻔﺎت‬
َّ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ dried foodstuffs
‫ﺸﻰ‬
ِ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ stuffed
‫ﺒﺰ‬
ْ ‫ﺨ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺼﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ toaster
‫ﻔﻮﻇﺎت‬
ُ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ tinned goods
‫ﻰ‬
ً ‫ﻠ‬
ّ ‫ﺤ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ sweetened
‫ﻔﻘﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺨ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ eggbeater, whisk
‫ﻠﻔﺎت‬
َّ ‫ﺨ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ leftovers, scraps
‫ﻠﻞ‬
َّ ‫ﺨ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ pickled
‫ﻋﻮ‬
ُ ‫ﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ guest, invitee
‫ق‬
ّ ‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ pestle
‫ﺮ‬
ّ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ bitter
‫ﺑﻰ‬
َّ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ jam
‫ﻃﺒﺎت‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ soft drinks
‫ﺮق‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ gravy
‫ﻗﻮق‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ thin (e.g. pastry)
‫ﻄﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ kitchen boy, scullery boy
pl. ‫ات‬-
‫ﺰة‬
َّ ‫ﻣ‬
َ mezze (appetizers)
pl. ‫ات‬-, ‫ﻣﺎزة‬
‫ج‬
َ ‫ﺰ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ (u) to whip, mix (cream, eggs)
‫ﺰﻳﺞ‬
ِ ‫ﻣ‬
َ see ‫ﺧﻠﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺤﻮق‬
ُ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ground, crushed
‫ﺮوب‬
ُ ‫ﺸ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ beverage
pl. ‫ات‬-
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫رو‬
ُ ‫ﺮوﺑﺎت‬
ُ ‫ﺸ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ spirits, alcoholic beverages
‫ﻮي‬
ِ ‫ﺸ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ 1. grilled
2. roasted
‫ﺺ‬
َّ ‫ﻣ‬
َ (a, u) to suck
‫ﺼﻔﺎة‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ 1. colander
pl. ‫ف‬
ٍ ‫ﻣﺼﺎ‬
َ 2. percolator
‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ (u) to curdle
‫ﺼﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ whey
‫ﺒﻮط‬
ُ ‫ﻀ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ medium sweet (coffee, tea)
‫ﺮب‬
َ ‫ﻀ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ see ‫ﻣﺨﻔﻘﺔ‬
pl. ‫ب‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻀﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻀﺮوب‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ scrambled (eggs)
‫ﻎ‬
َ ‫ﻀ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ (a, u) see ‫ﻚ‬
َ ‫ﻋﻠ‬
‫ﻀﻐﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ chewing gum
pl. ‫ﻀﻎ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ
‫ﺒﺦ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ kitchen
pl. ‫ﺦ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻄﺎ‬
َ
FOOD AND DRINK 25

33. ‫ﺒﺦ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ cooker
pl. ‫ﺦ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻄﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺒﻮخ‬
ُ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ cooked
‫ﻦ‬
ّ ‫ﺒ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺤﻨﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ coffee mill
‫ﻮة‬
َ ‫ﻬ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ ‫ﺤﻨﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ see ‫ﻦ‬
ّ ‫ﺒ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺤﻨﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ
‫ﺤﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ see ‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮق‬
‫ﻌﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ restaurant
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻄﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻄﻬﺎة‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ pan
‫ﺒﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ dairy (plant)
‫ﺮﻓﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻐ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ ladle
‫ﺮش‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ tablecloth
pl. ‫ش‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻔﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺮﻣﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ meat grinder
‫ﻔﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻔ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ peppered
‫ﺒﻼت‬
ِّ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ hors d’oeuvres
‫ﻘﺪار‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ measure (quantity)
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫دﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻣﺶ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ crisp, dry
‫ﻘﻼة‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ see ‫ﻃﺎﺟﻦ‬
pl. ‫ل‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻘﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻠﻰ‬
ِ ‫ﻘ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ fried
‫ﺮوﻧﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﻜ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ macaroni
‫ﺮر‬
َّ ‫ﻜ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ purified, refined
‫ﻜﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ ‫ﻌﺒﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻜ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ sugar cube
‫ﻼﺣﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻣ‬
َ salt cellar
‫ﻔﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ ‫ﻼﺣﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻣ‬
َ pepper cellar
‫ﻣﻶن‬
َ filled
‫ﺢ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َّ ‫ﻣ‬
َ 1. to season with salt
2. to cure
‫ﻌﻘﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ spoon
pl. ‫ﻖ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻼ‬
‫ﻠﺢ‬
َّ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ salted, cured
‫ﺪﻳﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ see ‫ﻓﻮﻃﺔ‬
pl. ‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻨﺎد‬
َ
‫ﻬﻮم‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ 1. see ‫ﺷﺮه‬
2. greedy
‫ﺑﻴﺾ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﺖ‬
‫ﱢ‬ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ egg-timer
‫ﻗﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
َ stove (gas)
pl. ‫ﺪ‬
ُ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ ‫ﻣﻮا‬
َ
‫دل‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ waiter
pl. ‫ﺪل‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ُ
‫ﺿﺞ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ cooked (< > raw)
‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺨ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (u) to strain, sift
‫ﻧﺸﺎء‬
َ corn starch
‫ﻳﺎت‬
ّ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫ﺸ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ starchy foodstuffs
‫ﺿﺞ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻒ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
ُ half-cooked
‫ﺞ‬
َ ‫ﻀ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
َ (a) to be(come) well cooked
‫ﻠﻴﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻤ‬
ْ ‫ﻧ‬
َ food safe, meat safe
‫ﻬﻢ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ gluttony
‫ﻧﻮاة‬
َ kernel, stone
pl. ‫ﻮﻳﺎت‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
َ
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ raw
‫وون‬
ُ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ mortar (vessel)
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫وﻳ‬
ِ ‫ﻫﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺶ‬
ّ ‫ﻫ‬
َ see ‫ﺾ‬
ّ ‫ﻏ‬
‫ﻫﻼم‬
ُ jelly
‫ﺟﺒﺔ‬
ْ ‫و‬
َ 1. meal
pl. ‫ﺟﺒﺎت‬
َ ‫و‬
َ 2. see ‫ﻃﺒﻖ‬ (2)
FOOD AND DRINK
26

34. ‫ﺷﻔﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻧﺎ‬ ‫وﺟﺒﺔ‬ dry rations
‫ﺒﺦ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
َ ‫ﺻﻔﺔ‬
ْ ‫و‬
َ recipe
‫ﺑﺲ‬
ِ ‫ﻳﺎ‬ 1. firm
2. see ‫ف‬
ّ ‫ﺟﺎ‬
The human body
‫ﺑﺾ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
vُ hollow of the knee
pl. ‫آﺑﺎض‬
‫ﺑﻂ‬
ْ ‫إ‬ armpit
pl. ‫آﺑﺎط‬
‫ﺑﻬﺎم‬
ْ ‫إ‬ 1. thumb
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫أﺑﺎﻫﻴ‬ 2. big toe
‫ﺟﻬﺎض‬
ْ ‫إ‬ 1. miscarriage
2. abortion
‫ﺾ‬
َ ‫ﻬ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ 1. to miscarry
2. to abort
‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﺺ‬
َ ‫ﺧ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ arch of the foot
‫رد‬
َ ‫د‬
ْ ‫أ‬ to be toothless
f. ‫رداء‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ , pl. ‫رد‬
ْ ‫د‬
ُ
‫ذن‬
ْ ‫أ‬
ُ ear
pl. ‫آذان‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﺘ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
ِ to masturbate
‫ﻤﻨﺎء‬
ْ ‫ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
ِ masturbation
‫ﺒﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬
ْ ‫إ‬ finger
pl. ‫ﻊ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫أﺻﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻂ‬
َ ‫و‬
ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫إﺻﺒﻊ‬ middle finger
‫ﺒﻴﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻜ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺟﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
ِّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫إﺻﺒﻊ‬ big toe
‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬
ْ ‫إ‬ toe
‫ﻠﺴﺎن‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺻﻞ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ tongue root
‫ﻴﺘﻪ‬
َ ‫ﺤ‬
ْ ‫ﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ to let one’s beard grow
‫ﺳﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﺘﻨﺎ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻀﺎء‬
ْ ‫أ‬ genitals
‫ﻓﺮاز‬
ْ ‫إ‬ secretion, discharge
‫ﻴﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ ‫ذ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
ُ ‫إﻓﺮازات‬ earwax
‫ﻴﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﻠ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻬ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ ‫إﻓﺮازات‬ vaginal discharge
‫ﺐ‬
َ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ to give birth
‫ﻴﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺎن‬
ْ ‫إ‬ pupil (eye)
‫زن‬
ْ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺺ‬
َّ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫ا‬
ِ to lose weight
‫ﻤﻠﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
ُ fingertip
pl. ‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻣ‬
ِ ‫أﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻒ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ nose
pl. ‫ﻧﻮف‬
ُ ‫أ‬, ‫آﻧﺎف‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
ِ ‫ﺻﻮ‬
َ ‫وﺗﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬
َ vocal folds
‫ﻳﺮ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ penis
pl. ‫أﻳﻮر‬
‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﻘ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ sole of the foot
‫ﻒ‬
ّ ‫ﻜ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻃﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ palm of the hand
‫ل‬
َ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ (u) to urinate
‫ﺑﺮاز‬
ِ faeces
‫ﺟﻤﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ knuckle
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﺮا‬
َ
‫ﺑﺮوﺳﺘﺎت‬ prostate
‫ﺸﻊ‬
ِ ‫ﺑ‬
َ see ‫ﻗﺒﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺼﺎق‬
ُ saliva, phlegm
‫ﺼﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ sight
THE HUMAN BODY 27

35. ‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ visual
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (u) to look
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﺼ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (u) to spit
‫ﺑﻊ‬
ِ ‫اﻷﺻﺎ‬ ‫ﺼﻤﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ fingerprint
‫ﺴﺎق‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻄﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ calf
‫ﻄﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ clitoris
pl. ‫ﺑﻄﻮر‬
ُ
‫ﻄﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ belly
pl. ‫ﺑﻄﻮن‬
ُ , ‫ﻄﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺑ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻜﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
َ (i) to cry, weep
‫ﻠﻌﻮم‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ pharynx
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻋﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﻼ‬
‫ﺼﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ring finger
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺻ‬
ِ ‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻨﻴﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ physique, stature
‫ﻴﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺑﺆ‬
ُ ‫ﺆ‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ see ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻦ‬ ‫اﻧﺴﺎن‬
‫ز‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
َّ ‫ﺑ‬
َ to pout
‫ﻮل‬
ْ ‫ﺑ‬
َ urine
pl. ‫ﺑﻮال‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻳﻀﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫ﺑ‬
ُ ovum
‫ز‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ to defecate
‫ب‬
َ ‫ء‬
َ ‫ﺜﺎ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ to yawn
‫ﻋﻴﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﺗﺠﺎ‬
َ wrinkles (face)
‫ﺸﺄ‬
َّ ‫ﺠ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ to burp
‫زن‬
ْ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺺ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َّ ‫ﺨ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ see ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫اﻧﻘﺺ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻚ‬
ِ ‫ﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ massage
‫ﺮﻳﺤﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺼ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ hairdo (women)
‫ﺲ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
َّ ‫ﻨ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ to breathe
‫ﻔﺲ‬
‫ﱡ‬ ‫ﻨ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ breathing, respiration
‫ش‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
ْ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫ﺗ‬
َ see ‫ﻫﻤﺲ‬ (1)
‫ﻟﻴﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﺗ‬
َ child delivery
‫ﻧﻴﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺛﺎ‬ front incisor
‫ﺪي‬
ْ ‫ﺛ‬
َ breast, bosom
pl. ‫ﺛﺪاء‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ِ ‫ﺛ‬
َ middle incisor
pl. ‫ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺆﺑﺎء‬
ْ ‫ﺛ‬
ُ yawn
(‫)ة‬ ‫ﻟﻮل‬
ُ ‫ﺆ‬
ْ ‫ﺛ‬
ُ wart
pl. ‫ﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻟﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺎ‬
| ‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻨﺲ‬
ْ ‫ﺠ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺑ‬
ِ ‫ذ‬
ِ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ sex appeal
‫ع‬
َ ‫ﺟﺎ‬ (u) to be hungry
‫ﺟﺎﺋﻊ‬ starved, famished
pl. ‫ﺟﻴﺎع‬
ِ
‫ﺒﻬﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ forehead
pl. ‫ﺒﻬﺎت‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
َ , ‫ﺟﺒﺎه‬
ِ
‫ﺜﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺟ‬
ُ corpse
pl. ‫ﺜﺚ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
ُ , ‫ﺟﺜﺎث‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻆ‬
َ ‫ﺤ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
َ (a) to protrude (eye)
‫ﺴﺪ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
َ see ‫ﺟﺴﻢ‬
pl. ‫ﺟﺴﺎد‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺴﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ body
pl. ‫ﺟﺴﺎم‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻌﺪة‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
َ curl, lock
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ curly
‫ﻔﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ eyelid
pl. ‫ﺟﻔﻮن‬
ُ , ‫ﺟﻔﺎن‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻠﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ skin
pl. ‫ﺟﻠﻮد‬
ُ
‫ﺟﻤﺎل‬
َ beauty
‫ﺠﻤﺔ‬
ُ ‫ﻤ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ُ skull
‫ﻤﻴﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﺟ‬
َ beautiful
THE HUMAN BODY
28

36. ‫ﻨﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺟ‬
َ foetus
pl. ‫ﻨﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ ‫أ‬, ‫ﻨﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺟ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﺼﺒ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬
ِ nervous system
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻀﻤ‬
َ ‫ﻫ‬
َ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز‬
ِ digestive system
‫ﺟﻮع‬
ُ hunger
‫ﻮﻋﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ hungry
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻴﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
َ sinus
‫ﺟﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ eyebrow
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﻮا‬
َ
‫ف‬
ٍ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ barefooted
pl. ‫ﺣﻔﺎة‬
ُ
‫ﻠﺴﺎن‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻓﺔ‬ tongue edge
‫ﻟﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ urether
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﻟ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﻮا‬
َ
‫ﻣﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﺎ‬ pregnant
‫ﺒﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ conception
‫رﻳﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ jugular vein
‫ﺟﺰ‬
ِ ‫اﻟﺤﺎ‬ ‫ﺤﺠﺎب‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ diaphragm
pl. ‫ﺠﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ُ , ‫ﺠﺒﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﺣ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺠﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ lap
‫ﺲ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺣ‬
َ (u) to feel, sense
‫ﺲ‬
ّ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ sense
pl. ‫ﺣﻮاس‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺴﻴﺎت‬
ِّ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ sensations
‫ﺸﻔﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ glans
‫ﻼق‬
َّ ‫ﺣ‬
َ hairdresser, barber
‫ﻠﻖ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ throat
pl. ‫ﺣﻠﻮق‬
ُ , ‫ﺣﻼق‬
ْ ‫ا‬
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻠ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ (i) to shave (head, beard)
‫ﻠﻤﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ nipple
pl. ‫ﻠﻢ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ
‫ﻤﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ pregnancy
pl. ‫ﺣﻤﺎل‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﺣﻤﺎل‬
ِ
‫ﺠﺮة‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ larynx
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ ‫ﺣﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻂ‬
َ ‫ﻨ‬
َّ ‫ﺣ‬
َ to embalm (corpse)
‫ﻨﻚ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
َ palate
pl. ‫ﺣﻨﺎك‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻳﺔ‬
ّ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﻣﺮا‬
َ ‫ﺻﻠﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ gall bladder
‫ﻮض‬
ْ ‫ﺣ‬
َ pelvis
pl. ‫ﺣﻮاض‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺪ‬
ّ ‫ﺧ‬
َ cheek
pl. ‫ﺧﺪود‬
ُ
‫ﺼﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ fertility
‫ﺼﺐ‬
ِ ‫ﺧ‬
َ fertile
‫ﺼﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ waist, haunch
pl. ‫ﺼﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺑﺔ‬
ُ see ‫ﺼﺐ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ
‫ﺼﻴﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ testicle
pl. ‫ﻰ‬
ً ‫ﺧﺼ‬
ُ
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﻌﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
ِ ‫ﻂ‬
ّ ‫ﺧ‬
َ hairline
‫ﺧﻼﻟﺔ‬
ِ toothpick
pl. ‫ﻠﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ ‫أ‬
‫ﻦ‬
َّ ‫ﺧ‬
َ (i) to speak with a nasal twang
‫ﻨﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺧ‬
ُ nasal twang
‫ﺼﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
ِ little finger
pl. ‫ﺻﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺧﻨﺎ‬
َ
‫ﻴﺸﻮم‬
ْ ‫ﺧ‬
َ see ‫اﻧﻒ‬
v
pl. ‫ﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﺧﻴﺎﺷﻴ‬
َ
‫ﻟﻴﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﺘ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫دار‬ maternity home
‫ﻌﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺸ‬
َ ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺑﻮس‬
ُّ ‫د‬
َ hairpin
‫رق‬
َ ‫د‬
َ thyroid gland
THE HUMAN BODY 29

37. ‫غ‬
َ ‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ to tickle
‫ﻚ‬
َ ‫ﻟ‬
َّ ‫د‬
َ to massage
‫دم‬
َ blood
pl. ‫دﻣﺎء‬
ِ
‫دﻣﺎغ‬
ِ see ‫ﺦ‬
ّ ‫ﻣ‬
pl. ‫ﻣﻐﺔ‬
ُ ‫د‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻊ‬
َ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫د‬
َ (a) to water (eyes)
‫ﻣﻊ‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ (coll.) tears
pl. ‫دﻣﻮع‬
ُ
‫ﻣﻮع‬
ُ ‫د‬
َ watery, tearful (eyes)
‫ﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻮ‬
ِ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫د‬
َ ‫ورة‬
ْ ‫د‬
َ blood circulation
‫ﻳﺔ‬
ّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻬ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ ‫دورة‬ period (menstruation)
‫ذراع‬
ِ arm
pl. ‫رع‬
ُ ‫ذ‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫رﻋﺎن‬
ْ ‫ذ‬
ُ
‫ﻗﻦ‬
ْ ‫ذ‬
َ chin
pl. ‫ذﻗﺎن‬
ْ ‫ا‬, ‫ﻗﻦ‬
َ ‫ذ‬
ِ
‫ﻛﺮ‬
َ ‫ذ‬
َ see ‫أﻳﺮ‬
pl. ‫ﻛﻮر‬
ُ ‫ذ‬
ُ
‫ﺤﺼﺎن‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻳﻞ‬
ْ ‫ذ‬
َ ponytail
‫رأى‬
َ (u) to see
‫راﺋﺤﺔ‬ smell
pl. ‫ﺢ‬
ُ ‫رواﺋ‬
َ
‫ﺟﻞ‬
ْ ‫ر‬
ِ leg
pl. ‫ﺟﻞ‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫راﺣﺔ‬ palm
pl. ‫راح‬, ‫ات‬-
‫رأس‬
َ head
pl. ‫رؤوس‬
ُ
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫رﺑﺎ‬
ُ lateral incisor
‫ﺣﻢ‬
ِ ‫ر‬
َ womb
pl. ‫رﺣﺎم‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺿ‬
َ ‫ر‬
َ to suck (baby)
‫ﻣﻪ‬
ِّ ‫أ‬
ُ ‫ﺪي‬
ْ ‫ﺛ‬
َ ‫رﺿﻊ‬ to suckle at the mother’s
breast
‫ﺿﻊ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ر‬
َ to breast-feed
‫ﺿﻴﻊ‬
ِ ‫ر‬
َ suckling
pl. ‫ﺿﻌﺎء‬
َ ‫ر‬
ُ , ‫ﻊ‬
ُ ‫رﺿﺎﺋ‬
ِ
‫ﺿﻔﺔ‬
ْ ‫ر‬
َ kneecap
‫ﻗﺒﺔ‬
َ ‫ر‬
َ neck
pl. ‫رﻗﺎب‬
ُ , ‫ات‬-
‫ﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ ‫ر‬
َ (i) to lie down
‫ﻛﺒﺔ‬
ْ ‫ر‬
ُ knee
pl. ‫ﻛﺐ‬
َ ‫ر‬
ُ , ‫ﻛﺒﺎت‬
ْ ‫ر‬
َ
‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﻳ‬
َّ ‫ر‬
َ to drool, slaver
‫زاﺋﺪة‬ appendix
pl. ‫ﺪ‬
ُ ‫زواﺋ‬
َ
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﻧ‬
ْ ‫أ‬ ‫زاﺋﺪة‬ adenoids
‫زن‬
ْ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫زاد‬ (i) to put on weight
‫زن‬
ْ ‫ﻮ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫زاﺋﺪة‬ weight gain
‫ﻋﺪ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﺎ‬ forearm
pl. ‫ﺪ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺳﺎق‬ 1. leg
pl. ‫ﺳﻴﻘﺎن‬ 2. shank
‫ﺒﺎﺑﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ index finger
‫ﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﺪ‬
ِّ ‫ﺧ‬
َ ‫ﺒﻠﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ sideburns
‫ﺳﺤﺎءة‬
َ cortex
pl. ‫ﺳﺤﺎﻳﺎ‬
َ
‫ﺮة‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
ُ navel
(‫ﺮه‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ ) ‫ح‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﺳ‬
َ to comb, do one’s hair
‫ﻔﻢ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻘﻒ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ roof of the mouth
‫ﺟﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
ِّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﺎﻧﺔ‬
َ calf
‫ﻤﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺳ‬
َ (i) to hear, listen
THE HUMAN BODY
30

38. ‫ﻤﻊ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
َ hearing
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻌ‬
ِ ‫ﺳﻤ‬ auditory, aural
‫ﻦ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
َ (a) to become fat
‫ﻤﻨﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ obesity
‫ﻤﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺳ‬
َ fat
pl. ‫ﺳﻤﺎن‬
ِ
‫ﻦ‬
ّ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ tooth
pl. ‫ﺳﻨﺎن‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
ُّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
ّ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ the age of reason
‫ﻃﻌﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﺎ‬ ‫ﻦ‬
ّ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ incisor
‫ﻨﺦ‬
ْ ‫ﺳ‬
ِ teeth-ridge, alveolum
pl. ‫ﺳﻨﺎخ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫رب‬
ِ ‫ﺷﺎ‬ moustache
pl. ‫ب‬
ُ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﺷﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺷﺎﻣﺔ‬ mole, birthmark
pl. ‫ات‬-, ‫ﺷﺎم‬
‫ﺷﺎﺋﺐ‬ white-haired, old
‫ﺷﺒﺎب‬
َ youth
‫ﻴﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻜ‬
ِ ‫ﺒ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ retina
‫ذن‬
ْ ‫ﻷ‬
ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺤﻤﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ ear lobe
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺨ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (i) to snore
‫ﺮج‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ anus, rectum
pl. ‫ج‬
ُ ‫ﺷﺮا‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺮﻳﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
ِ artery
pl. ‫ﻳﻴﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﺷﺮا‬
َ
‫ﻌﺒﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
ُ bronchus
pl. ‫ﻌﺐ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
ُ
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (u) see ‫ﺲ‬
ّ ‫ﺣ‬
‫ﻌﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ hair
pl. ‫ﻌﻮر‬
ُ ‫ﺷ‬
ُ
‫ﺘﻌﺎر‬
َ ‫ﺴ‬
ْ ‫ﻣ‬
ُ ‫ﻌﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ wig
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻌ‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ hairy, hirsute
‫ﺷﻔﺔ‬
َ lip
pl. ‫ﺷﻔﺎه‬
ِ
‫ﻠﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
ْ ‫ﺴ‬
ُّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﻔﺔ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ lower lip
‫ﻠﻴﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﻌ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺸﻔﺔ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ upper lip
‫ﻔﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﺷ‬
َ razor blade
pl. ‫ﻔﺮات‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ , ‫ﺷﻔﺎر‬
ِ
‫ﻢ‬
َّ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (u, a) to smell, sniff
‫ﻢ‬
ّ ‫ﺷ‬
َ smelling, sense of smell
‫ﻖ‬
َ ‫ﻬ‬
َ ‫ﺷ‬
َ (a, i) to inhale
‫ﺷﻮﺷﺔ‬
ُ tuft of hair
‫ﺤﻼﻗﺔ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻮن‬
ُ ‫ﺻﺎ‬ barber’s shop
‫ﺢ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺻ‬
َ (u) to wake up
‫ﺤﻰ‬
َّ ‫ﺻ‬
َ to wake (trans.)
‫ﺪر‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ chest
pl. ‫ﺻﺪور‬
ُ
‫ﺪغ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ temple
‫ﻐﻴﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﺻ‬
َ short
pl. ‫ﺻﻐﺎر‬
ِ
‫ﻔﺮاء‬
ْ ‫ﺼ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ bile
‫ﻒ‬
َ ‫ﻔ‬
َّ ‫ﺻ‬
َ to arrange one’s hair
‫ﻔﻦ‬
َ ‫ﺻ‬
َ scrotum
pl. ‫ﺻﻔﺎن‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻮت‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ 1. sound
pl. ‫ﺻﻮات‬
ْ ‫أ‬ 2. voice
‫ﺣﻚ‬
ِ ‫ﺿﺎ‬ premolar
pl. ‫ﻚ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫ﺿﻮا‬
َ
‫ﺞ‬
‫ﱠ‬ ‫ﺿ‬
َ to be noisy, to clamour
‫ﺮس‬
ْ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ molar tooth
pl. ‫ﺿﺮاس‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻘﻞ‬
ْ ‫ﻌ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮس‬
ْ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ wisdom tooth
THE HUMAN BODY 31

39. ‫ط‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﺿ‬
َ (i) to break wind
‫ﺮط‬
ْ ‫ﺿ‬
َ (coll.) fart
‫ﻠﻊ‬
ْ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ , ‫ﻠﻊ‬
َ ‫ﺿ‬
ِ rib
pl. ‫ﺿﻠﻮع‬
ُ , ‫ﺿﻼع‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺣﻦ‬
ِ ‫ﻃﺎ‬ see ‫ﺿﺮس‬
pl. ‫ﻦ‬
ُ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫ﻃﻮا‬
َ
(‫أﺳﻪ‬
ْ ‫ر‬
َ ) ‫ﻃﺄﻃﺄ‬ to bow one’s head
‫ﻃﺤﺎل‬
ِ spleen
pl. ‫ات‬-, ‫ﺤﻞ‬
ُ ‫ﻃ‬
ُ
‫ف‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
َ (i) to wink
‫ﺮف‬
ْ ‫ﻃ‬
َ blink of an eye
‫ﻠﺴﺎن‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮف‬
َ ‫ﻃ‬
َ tip of the tongue
‫ﻃﻮل‬
ُ height, length
pl. ‫ﻃﻮال‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻮﻳﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻃ‬
َ tall
pl. ‫ﻃﻮال‬
ِ
‫ﻔﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻇ‬
ُ nail
pl. ‫ﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ِ ‫أﻇﺎ‬
‫ﻨﺒﻮب‬
ْ ‫ﻇ‬
ُ shinbone
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﻇﻨﺎﺑﻴ‬
َ
‫ﻬﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻇ‬
َ back
pl. ‫ﻇﻬﻮر‬
ُ , ‫ﻬﺮ‬
ُ ‫ﻇ‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ر‬
ٍ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ naked
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﺴ‬
ِ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﺟ‬
ِ ‫زل‬
ِ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ condom
‫ش‬
َ ‫ﻋﺎ‬ (i) to live, be alive
‫ﻋﺎﻧﺔ‬ groin, pubis
‫ﺒﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ see ‫ﻣﻊ‬
ْ ‫د‬
pl. ‫ﺒﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ , ‫ﺒﺮات‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ
‫ﺠﻮز‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
َ old, elderly
pl. ‫ﺰ‬
ُ ‫ﻋﺠﺎﺋ‬
َ
‫ق‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (a) to sweat
‫ﺮق‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ sweat
‫ﺮﻗﻮب‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ Achilles’ tendon
pl. ‫ﺐ‬
ُ ‫ﻋﺮاﻗﻴ‬
َ
‫ﺮﻳﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ 1. see ‫ﻋﺎر‬
pl. ‫ﻋﺮاﻳﺎ‬
َ 2. nakedness
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻧ‬
ِ ‫ﺮﻳﺎ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ naturism
‫ﺼﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ 1. nerve
pl. ‫ﻋﺼﺎب‬
ْ ‫أ‬ 2. sinew
‫ﻄﻖ‬
ْ ‫ﻨ‬
ُّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺼﻲ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ incapable of speech
‫ﻀﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ muscular, brawny
‫ﻀﻠﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ muscle
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻀﻠ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ muscular (compounds)
‫ﻀﻮ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ limb, organ
pl. ‫ﻋﻀﺎء‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻄﺎر‬
َّ ‫ﻋ‬
َ perfume vendor
‫ﻄﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ِ scent, perfume
pl. ‫ﻋﻄﺎر‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺲ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (i, u) to sneeze
‫ﺲ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
َّ ‫ﻋ‬
َ to cause to sneeze
‫ﻄﺴﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ sneeze
‫ﺶ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ (a) to be thirsty
‫ﻄﺶ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
َ thirst
‫ﻄﺸﺎن‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ thirsty
‫ﻈﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ bone
pl. ‫ﻈﻢ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ْ ‫أ‬, ‫ﻋﻈﺎم‬
ِ
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻔ‬
ِ ‫ﺘ‬
ِ ‫ﻛ‬
َ ‫ﻈﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ shoulder blade
‫ﻲ‬
ّ ‫ﻬ‬
ِ ‫ﺟ‬
ْ ‫و‬
َ ‫ﻈﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ cheekbone
‫ﻘﺪة‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ joint
pl. ‫ﻘﺪ‬
َ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ
‫ﻘﻢ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ infertility
THE HUMAN BODY
32

40. ‫ﻘﻴﻢ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ infertile
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ﺮ‬
ِ ‫ﻘ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ ‫ﻤﻮد‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
َ spine, spinal column
‫ﺸﺒﺎب‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻔﻮان‬
ُ ‫ﻨ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ the prime of youth
‫ﻨﻖ‬
ُ ‫ﻋ‬
ُ see ‫رﻗﺒﺔ‬
pl. ‫ﻋﻨﺎق‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﻮرة‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ pudendum
‫ل‬
َ ‫ﻮ‬
َّ ‫ﻋ‬
َ to wail, howl
‫ﻮﻳﻞ‬
ِ ‫ﻋ‬
َ wailing
‫ﻴﻦ‬
ْ ‫ﻋ‬
َ eye
pl. ‫ﻋﻴﻮن‬
ُ
‫ﺪة‬
َّ ‫ﻏ‬
ُ gland
pl. ‫ﺪد‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
ُ
‫ﻠﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﺤ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪة‬
َّ ‫ﻐ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ pancreas
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ ‫ر‬
َ ‫ﺪ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺪة‬
َ ‫ﻐ‬
ُ ‫اﻟ‬ see ‫درق‬
‫ﺮ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
َ to gargle
‫ﺮﻟﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
ُ prepuce, foreskin
pl. ‫ﺮل‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
ُ
‫ﻞ‬
َ ‫ﺴ‬
َ ‫ﻏ‬
َ (i) to wash
‫ﺒﻜﺎر‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻏﺸﺎء‬
َ hymen
‫ﻏﻔﺎء‬
َ (u) to take a nap, doze off
‫ﻔﻮة‬
ْ ‫ﻏ‬
َ nap
‫ﻤﺎرة‬
ّ ‫ﻏ‬
َ dimple (cheek)
‫ﻧﻒ‬
ْ ‫ﻷ‬
َ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ nostril
‫ﺨﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ thigh
pl. ‫ﻓﺨﺎد‬
ْ ‫أ‬
‫ﺮج‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ vagina
pl. ‫ﻓﺮوج‬
ُ
‫ش‬
َ ‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ to brush
‫ﺮﺷﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ brush
pl. ‫ﺮش‬
َ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ
‫ﺳﻨﺎن‬
ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺮﺷﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ toothbrush
‫ﻌﺮ‬
ْ ‫ﺸ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮﺷﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ hairbrush
‫ﺮق‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ parting (hair)
‫أس‬
ْ ‫ﺮ‬
َّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺮوة‬
ْ ‫ﻓ‬
َ scalp
‫ﺺ‬
ّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ lobe
pl. ‫ﺼﻮص‬
ُ ‫ﻓ‬
ُ
‫ﻳﺔ‬
َّ ‫ﻮ‬
ِ ‫ﻣ‬
َ ‫د‬
َ ‫ﺼﻴﻠﺔ‬
ِ ‫ﻓ‬
َ blood group
‫ﻓﻘﺎرة‬
َ vertebra
‫ﻚ‬
ّ ‫ﻓ‬
َ jaw
pl. ‫ﻓﻜﻮك‬
ُ
‫ﻓﻢ‬
َ mouth
pl. ‫ﻓﻮاه‬
ْ ‫أ‬
(‫م‬
ُ ‫ﻮ‬
ُ ‫ﻳﻘ‬
َ ) ‫ﻗﺎم‬ (u) to stand up
‫ﻗﺎﻣﺔ‬ build, stature
‫ﻗﺒﺎﺣﺔ‬
َ ugliness
‫ﻴﺪ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻀﺔ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ fist
‫ﺒﻴﺢ‬
ِ ‫ﻗ‬
َ ugly
pl. ‫ﻗﺒﺎح‬
ِ , ‫ﺣﻰ‬
ِ ‫ﻗﺒﺎ‬
ِ , ‫ﺤﻰ‬
َ ‫ﺒ‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ
‫ﺪم‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ foot
pl. ‫ﻗﺪام‬
ْ ‫أ‬
(‫ﻨﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
ِ ‫)اﻟ‬ ‫ف‬
َ ‫ﺬ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (i) to ejaculate
‫ﻨﻰ‬
َ ‫ﻤ‬
ِ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺬف‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
َ ejaculation
‫ﻴﺔ‬
َ ‫ﺣ‬
ِ ‫ﺰ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
ُ iris
‫ﺸﺮة‬
ْ ‫ﻗ‬
ِ dandruff
‫ﺮﺋﺔ‬
ِّ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ windpipe, trachea
‫ﺮئ‬
ِّ ‫ﻤ‬
َ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺼﺒﺔ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ gullet
‫ﻨﻪ‬
َ ‫ﺒﻴ‬
ِ ‫ﺟ‬
َ ‫ﺐ‬
َ ‫ﻄ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ (i) to frown
‫ﻗﻔﺎء‬
َ nape
‫ي‬
ّ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ ‫ﻔﺺ‬
َ ‫ﻗ‬
َ thorax
pl. ‫ﻳﺔ‬
ّ ‫ر‬
ِ ‫ﺪ‬
ْ ‫ﺻ‬
َ ‫ﻗﻔﺎص‬
ْ ‫أ‬
THE HUMAN BODY 33