A wetland is an ecosystem characterized by the presence of water, either permanently or seasonally. It covered by various geographical areas, including coastal areas, inland regions, and even also arid environments. The definition of the Ramsar Convention is: “Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, peat land or water, whether natural or artificial, permanent or temporary, with water that is static or flowing, fresh, brackish or salt, including areas of marine water the depth of which at low tide does not exceed six meters” According to the Bangladesh water act, 2013 wetland defines as "Wetland means any land where water remains at the level of surface or close to it and which inundates with shallow water from time to time, and where grows such plants that may usually grow and survive in marsh land." Rivers, floodplains, haor, baor, beel, jheel, ponds, low-lying places, etc. are commonly thought of as wetlands in Bangladesh. Wetlands also refer to inlands that flood periodically and coastal regions where water is deposited owing to tidal effect.

1. A Presentation On
Wetland Restoration, Rehabilitation & Management
Strategies for Conservation & Sustainability
Created and Research By:- Sakawat sezan & team
E-mail: sakawatsezan48@gmail.com

2. Wetland
A wetland is an ecosystem characterized by
the presence of water, either permanently or
seasonally.
It covered by various geographical areas, including coastal areas,
inland regions, and even also arid environments.

3. Types of Wetland
1. Marine Wetland
2. Estuarine
3. Lake Wetland
4. River Wetland
5. Marsh Wetland
Near-shore, Rocky marine shores
Tidal marshes, Mangrove swamps
Wetlands around lakes
Rivers & brooks
Fens, bogs

5. Human-made
Wetlands
Permanent
Non-permanent
• Aquaculture ponds
• Water storage areas
• Irrigation project areas of the
BWDB.
• Floodplains of the rivers.
Reversible wetlands
139 costal polders of the country
All inland BWDB, FCD & FCDI
Polluted rivers, encroached rivers, khaals etc

6. Major Wetlands in Bangladesh
Figure no 1 : Map of major wetlands in
Bangladesh

7. • Tanguar Haor: Tanguar haor is located in Sunamganj. It is an inland freshwater wetland,Was
designated a Ramsar site in 2000.
• Ratargul Swamp Forest: In the year 1973 Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declared Ratargul
as a sanctuary. Ratargul reservoir is a freshwater reservoir in Bangladesh located at Goainghat in Sylhet.
Figure no 2 : Sundarbans Mangrove
Forest
Figure no 3 : Tanguar Haor
Figure no 4 : Ratargul Swamp Forest
• Sundarbans Mangrove Forest: The world's largest mangrove forest, was designated a Ramsar site
in 1992.

8.  Kaptai Lake: It is the largest man made lake in Bangladesh.
 Beel wetland: One of the major beel in Bangladesh are Chalan beel and Baikka beel.
Others wetland in
Bangladesh are
Hakaluki haor, Hail haor, Padma-Jamuna floodplain and some
reversible wetlands.
Figure no 5 : Kaptai Lake
Figure no 6 : Chalan Beel

9. Significance of wetlands in Bangladesh
 Ecosystem services
 Agriculture and Food
 Water Supply
 Flood Control and Erosion Control
 Habitat
 Recreation
 Economic benefits
Figure no 7 : Crop culture in wetland
Figure no 8 : Fishing in wetland

10. Causes of Wetland Pollution in Bangladesh
 Industrial Discharge
 Agricultural Runoff
 Urbanization
 Waste Disposal
 Sewage Discharge
 Illegal Fishing Methods
 Disposal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Wastes
Figure no 9 :Industrial Discharge
Figure no 10 : Plastic and waste Disposal

11. Wetland Degradation Scenario
 Almost 45% of the national wetlands have been disappeared
• Ganges Brahmaputra – Meghna floodplain:
About 2.1 million ha of wetlands has been degraded.
• Mangrove wetlands: Around 45% wetland have been destroyed.
Due to- 1.Anthropogenic influences on mangrove.
2.Shrimp culture.
• Dhaka city: Rivers and khaals decreased significantly 76.67% and 18.72% respectively over the
last 30 years.
• Chalan Beel: 1. In the 19th century -1,085 sq km.
2. In 1909-368 square km by, of which only 85 sq km remained under water.
• North-west region:
1. During 1989-2000 about 25% of wetlands have been lost.
2. 2000-10 about 4% wetlands are converted into other types land.

12. Restoration Of wetlands in Bangladesh
To restore the wetlands in Bangladesh there are numerous laws in place such as:
1. The Bangladesh Water Act (2013)
2. Environmental Protection Act (2010)
3. Reservoir Conservation, Restoration, and Fill Control Act (2003)
4. The Natural Reservoir Conservation Act (2000); and the Detailed Area
Plan (DAP) to protect our natural reservoirs.

13. To restore the wetland in Bangladesh some Government and Non-Government
organization have taken several steps. Such as-
1. Restoration Areas of Chalan
Beel in Sirajganj
2. Community-based Restoration
and Sustainable Management of
Tanguar Haor
3. Ratargul swamp forest
rehabilitation
Figure no : 9
Figure no : 10
Figure no : 11

14. 4. Baikka Beel Sanctuary Protection and
Conservation by RMO
5. National Water Management Plan, 2004
Figure no : 12
Figure no : 13

15. Present wetlands management approach
The National Water Policy (NWP, 1999) basically controls the present
wetlands management of Bangladesh.
In the NWP (1999) under section 4.9 the main objectives for
water, fishes, and wildlife are that-
(1) Fisheries and wildlife will receive due emphasis in water
resource planning in areas where their social impact is high.
(2) Measures will be taken to minimize disruption to natural
aquatic and water channels.
(3) Drainage schemes, to the extent possible, will avoid state-
owned swamps and marshes that have primary value for
waterfowl or other.

16. Towards proper management of wetlands
 Control of ever-growing population of Bangladesh.
 National wetland management policies should be introduced.
 Significance of wetlands in national, zonal, and local-level planning
processes should be recognized, as well as at the trans boundary level also.
 Wetlands of Bangladesh must be classified on the basis of hydrology,
topography, shape, size, landscape, biota, pollutant source, land-use pattern,
etc. These classifications will be used in conserving and managing wetlands.
 Political commitments for management of wetlands should be ensured.
 Fish sanctuaries should be set up within the wetlands.
 To ensure wetlands health, water quality should be enhanced and erosion
should be reduced.

17. Wetland restoration, rehabilitation, and sustainable management in
Bangladesh are vital for conserving biodiversity, regulating water
resources, and supporting local communities. By implementing a
combination of ecosystem-based approaches, community involvement,
and robust management strategies, the nation can achieve wetland
conservation and promote long-term sustainability.
Conclusion

18. Thank you