5. KUSHANA EVOULATION
ACCORDIND TO DR D,C SIRCAR
• FIRST TIME AFTER MAURYAS A VAST EMPIRE
ESTABLISHED,IT WAS NOT ONLY IN NORTH
INDIA BUT ALSO IN CENTRAL ASIA
ACCORDING TO CHINESE HISTORIANS
• THEY WERE THE SECTION OF YUEH-CHI TRIBE
• THEY FOUGHT AGAINST HIUNG-NU AND DEFEATED
6. CONT
• AFTER THEIR DEFEAT THEY LEFT CHINA AND
CAME TO CENTRAL ASIA ]
• 2ND FIGHT AGAINST SAKAS AND SAKAS WERE
DEFEATED BY THIS TRIBE
• 15-20 YEARS THEIR UNDISTURBING PERIOD
• 3RD FIGHT AGAINST WU-SUN AND WERE
DEFEATED BUT THEY KILLED WU-SUN
CHIEFTAIN
7. CONT
• WU-SUNS KICKED OUT YUEH-CHIS FROM THE
AREA WHICH THEY HAD SNACHED FROM
SAKAS
• NEXT POSSESSION IN THE VALLEY OF OXUS
BY YUEH-CHIS
• APPEARANCE IN INDIA THE INDO PARTHIANS
,SAKAS,INDO GREEKS WERE STILL FIGHTING
WHEN YUEH-CHIS CAME UNDER KUSHANAS
IN INDIA
8. CONT
• IT WAS EXPENTIONISM FROM CENTRAL ASIA
TO INDIA AND ESTABLISHED THEIR EMPIRE
9. KUSHANA PERIOD DATE IN INDIA
ACCORDIND TO V,A SMITH THEIR PERIOD
STARTS FROM 15 AD
ACCORDING TO IQBAL AHMAD THEIR PERIOD
STARTS FROM 1 BC TO 1 AD
ACCORDING TO STEN-KONOW THEIR PERIOD
STARTS ABOUT 125 AD
ACCORDING TO RUDRA DAMANA 130 TO 150
AD
DR R,C MAJUMDAR 248 TO 249 AD
10. CONT
ACCORDING TO R,D BENERJEE 78 AD
A L BHASHAM AGREED TO RD BENERJEE
BUT THESE ALL ARE CONTROVERTIAL POINTS
11. HOW THEY ESTABLISHED THERE RULE
• 5 SECTIONS OF YEUH-CHIS AND KUSHANA
WAS ONE OF THEM
• THEY WERE FIGHTING AGAINST EACHOTHER
• CHIEF OF KUSHANA WAS KUJULA KADPHISES
• HE PROVED HIMSELF AS A SOLE MONARCH OF
OF YUEH-CHI NATION
16. KUJULA KADPHISES
• 1ST RULER
• HIS RULE WAS STARTED FROM 40 TO 70 AD IN
VIEW OF V A SMITH
• PROVED HIMSELF AS THE SOLE MONARCH OF
YUEH-CHI NATION
• HE CONSOLIDATED HIS POWER IN BACTRIA
• HE ALSO ATTACKED PARTHIANS
• HIS EMPIRE WAS FROM PERSIA TO JEHLUM
17. CONT
• HE CONQUERED GANDHARA AND KI-PIN
(KASHMIR)
• ACCORDING TO V,A SMITH HE DIED AT 80
YEARS
• THEN HIS SON CAME AS RULER
18. VIMA TAKTU
• HE WAS KADPHISES 2
• HE CAME IN 70 TO 100 AD IN VIEW OF SMITH
BUT NOT ACCEPTED TODAY
• HE CAME AFTER HIS FATHER
• EXPENTIONISM POLICY
• HE CONQUERED NORTHERN INDIA AND
MATHURA,PUNJAB,BANARAS,AFGHANISTAN
• WAR AGAINST CHINESE GENERAL PAN-CHAO
19. CONT
• AND WAS DEFEATED
• HE ISSUED COINS OF GOLD AND COPPER
• HE ACCEPTED HINDUISM AND BECOME
DEVOTEE OF SIVA
21. VIMA KADPHISES 2
• HE WAS THE NEPHEW OF KUJULA KADPHISES
• HE PERIOD WAS FROM 90 TO 100 AD
• HE CONQURED AFGHANISTAN AND NORTH EAST
AND WEST INDIA
• HE ISSUED HIS NAMED COINS HAVING
INSCRIPTIONS
• HIS RELIGION WAS BUDHISM,
• HE ALSO FAVOURED THE GHANDHARA SCHOOL
OF THOUGHT
22. KANISHKA 1
• HE WAS 3RD RULER
• HE WAS THE GREATEST RULER IN KUSHANA
RULE
• ACCORDING TO CHINESE ACCOUNT HE CAME
IN 58 AD
• BUT ACCORDIND TO V A SMITH HE CAME IN
125 AD
• HE USED TO GIVE HIMSELF THREE TITLE
GREAT KING,KING OF KINGS,SON OF gOD
23. CONT
• HE ISSUED COINS OF BETTER STANDARD
• HE HAD TWO CAPITALS OF HIS EMPIRE
PARUSHAPARE (PESHAWAR) NOW IN PAKISTAN
MATHURA NOW IN INDIA (HAVING THE SAME
NAME)
• HE MADE A TOWN NAMED AS
KANISHKAPAURA
• HE FOUGHT AGAINST THE RULER OF MAGHDA
25. CONT
• HE WAS ALSO THE DEVOTEE OF HINDU God
SIVA
• HE CONQUERED PATALIPURA
,ASHVAGHOSHA,GORAKH PUR
• HE ACCEPTED BUDHISM
• GHANDHARA ART WAS FLOURISHED DURING
HIS TIME
26. VASISHKA
• HE SUCCEEDED KANISHKA
• HE REIGN WAS ABOUT 20 YEARS
• HE WAS A WEAK RULER
• NO NEW POLICY
27. HUVISHKA
• HE CAME AFTER 20 YEARS OF THE DEATH OF
KANISHKA
• HIS PERIOD PROVED TO BE THE PERIOD OF
CONSOLIDATION
• HE CONTROLED MATHURA AS CAPITAL
29. VASUDEVA
• HE WAS THE LAST EMPEROR OF GREAT
KUSHANS
• IN HIS PERIOD SASSANIDS STARTED
INVASIONS
• INVASIONS BY SASSANIDS IN NORTH
,WESTERN INDIA
• THIS WAS THE TIME OF INDO-SASSANIDS
PERIOD ABOUT IN 240 AD
31. SOCIAL LIFE
CULTURE
THEY ADOPTED ELEMENTS OF HELLENISTIC
CULUTRE OF BACTRIA
THEY ADOPTED THE ELEMENTS OF BUDHIST
CULTURE
THEY ADOPTED THE MINTING OF COINS
FROM GREEKS
37. MATHURA ART
• THIS ART CAME FROM THE SOUTHERN
CAPITAL OF THE EMPIRE
• THIS WAS THE INDIANS NATIVE ART OF
BHARUT AND SANCHI
38. GANDHARA ART
• GANDHARA WAS THE NORTHERN PART OF
EMPIRE
• KUSHANS PERIOD IS FAMOUS FOR THE
GROWTH OF GANDHARA ART
• THE MOST IMPORTANT CENTERS FOR
GANDHARA SCHOOLS WERE
JALALABAD,HADDA AND BAMIYAN IN
AFGHANISTAN,THE SWAT VALLEY AND THE
PESHA-WAR
41. COSTUME
COSTUME HAD 5 TYPES
1. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE DRESS
2. GUARDIANS AND ATTENDENTS OF HAREM
3. FOREIGN KUSHAN RULERS
4. OTHER FOREIGNERS LIKE TRADERS
5. THE MIXTURE OF FOREIGN AND INDIGENOUS
GARMENTS
43. JEWELLERY
• GOLD WAS THE PART OF JEWELLERY AND WAS
KNOWN AS HIRANYA
• SILVER WAS KNOWN AS RUPYA
• AND COPPER AS TAMRA
• THESE ALL USED TO MAKE JEWELLERY
50. DECLINE
• AFTER THE DEATH OF VASUDEVA1 IN 225 AD
EMPIRE DEVIDED INTO EASTERN AND WESTERN
HALVES
• WESTERN KUSHANS AREA IS IN AFGHANISTAN
• THEY WERE CONTINUESLY ATTACKED BY
PERSIAN SASANIAN EMPIRE AND LOST BACTRIA
AND OTHER TERRITORIES
• IN 248 AD THE WESTERN PART OF KUSHANS
EMPIRE WAS LOST SASANIAN CAPTURED AND
THIS WAS CALLED THE KUSHANSHAS
51. EASTERN PART
• THIS PART HAVING THE CURRENT ENTIRE
PUNJAB
• HERE THE TERRITORIES WERE CAPTURED BY
THE LOCAL DYNASTIES SUCH AS (YAUDHEYAS)
• AND IN MID 4TH CENTURY GUPTA DYNASTY
CAME
52. CONCLUSION
• THIS EMPIRE HAS CONTROVERTIAL TIME
PERIOD
• GHANDHARA ART IS THE GIFT OF KUSHANS
• THEY WERE THE FOLLOWER OF DIFFERENT
RELIGIONS BUT PROTECTOR OF ALL OTHERS
• ADVANCED
• OWN COINS
• CONCEPT OF JEWELLERY AND GOLD , SILVER
