urban designing parameters

1. Urban Planning
15ARC8.7
MODULE-4

2. Internal spatial structure of the
city.
● Arrangement of land use in
Urban areas- pattern of
distribution.

3. ● Concentric zone theory.
● Sector theory
● Multiple Nuclei theory.

4. ● Concentric zone theory by
Ernest Burgess-1920’s

6. ● CBD is the core of the city.
● Social structures extend
outward.

7. ● Population density decreases
towards outward zones.

8. ● Socio- economic status and
distance from CBD.

9. ● Zone of transition- least
desirable place to live.
● High crime rate.

10. ● Working class zone-modest
homes.

11. ● Middle class
○ more spacious
○ well educated people

12. ● Commuters zone- upper class.

13. Sector theory Homer Hoyt
(1939)
● CBD at the centre.

15. ● Social groups arranged in a
series of sectors or wedges
centred on major transportation
lines.

16. ● Low income along railway lines.
● Commercial establishment along
major roads.

17. ● Multiple Nuclei Theory by
Harris and Ullman 1945

19. ● City grows from several
independent points rather than
from one CBD.

20. ● Secondary nodes such as
secondary business districts or
work centres.

21. ● Airport as secondary node.
● IT hubs.

22. Central Business
District.

23. ● Central Business District is the
geographical centre of the city
usually the oldest area where there
is a concentration of commercial
activities including shops, offices,
hotels, cinemas etc.

24. ● Widest range of shops higher order
goods.
● Banks, commercial and professional
offices, Govt offices.

25. ● Cinemas, clubs, bars, restaurants,
Town hall etc.
● Focus of roads, Bus station, Railway
station.

26. ● Central fire station
● Low residential population (luxury
flats only)

27. ● Very high land values, multi
storeyed Buildings (shops and
services at ground level).
● Traffic congestion

28. ● Shortage of parking areas.
● Pedestrian- Vehicular conflict.

29. Urban Nodes
● Spatial accumulations of economic
activities.
● Accessibility nodes

30. Economic activities
● CBD
● Secondary Business districts.
● Industrial Districts

31. ● IT corridors
● Retail shopping strips

32. ● Administration
● Education
● Leisure activities

33. ● Accessibility nodes.
● Airports
● Ports
● Railway stations
● Bus stations.

34. Hierarchy of Nodes
Bengaluru
● City railway station
● Cantonment
● Yeshwantpur

35. ● Kempegowda Bus station
● Satellite Bus stand (Mysore road)

36. ● Majestic
● Russell Market
● Jayanagar 4th Block
● Indira Nagar
● Malleshwaram

37. ● IT in Electronic city
● Indira Nagar.

38. ● Metro lines
● Majestic
● Byappanahalli
● Mysore Road

39. ● Linkages of Nodes
● Metro lines
● Roads
● Suburban rail

41. ● Location of Major transport nodes.
● Airports.

42. ● Airports
● KG International Airport
● HAL Airport

43. ● Ports
● Railway stations
● ISBT’s

44. ● Interfaces of local / regional
transport
● Airport- Railway Station-Central Bus
Stand.

45. ● Origin and destination of trips
● Origin- Beginning of trip- well known
location.

46. ● Destination - where a trip ends.
● O-D - both ends of a trip

47. ● Person trip - movement of one
person from O to D for a single
purpose eg home to work.

48. ● Modes - auto driver, auto
passenger, bus/ rail, school bus,
motorcycle, taxi, walking, cycling.

49. ● Modal share-proportion of trips by
any given mode out of the total trips
in a given period.

50. ● Household- Unit of the survey
sample- group of people staying in
the same location.

51. ● Travel patterns and characteristics
Forecasting and planning for
transportation needs and services.

52. Suburbs
● Usually residential areas located in
the outer rim of a city.
● Also industrial suburb.

53. ● Marginal populated area with a
certain self sufficiency - lower
density compared to inner city
areas.

54. Causes
● Worsening conditions inside a city.
● Ease of transportation and
communication.

55. ● Suburbs close to major road/ rail
lines.
● Bedroom community.

56. ● Companies shift their offices to the
suburbs.
● Increased density.

57. ● Newer suburbs
● Growth of city

58. ● Better quality of life.
● Better sense of community
● Less air pollution

59. ● Increased pressure on green belt.

60. Peri-Urban areas
● Beyond suburbs
● Towns and villages close to the city.

61. ● Space between city and rural
hinterland.

62. ● Agriculture based economy along
with industrial economy.

63. ● Fast changing employment structure
● Fragmented rural and urban
landscapes

64. ● Often swallowed up and developed
as a suburb

65. LAND USE CATEGORIES AND
REPRESENTATION

66. Vacant - white
Partly built, but un-occupied

67. Residential- Yellow
Single / Double/ Multi / family, Hostel
(not including public assistance
institution providing accomodation)

68. Commercial- Blue
Retail trade, wholesale trade, storage,
offices, banks, restaurants, hotels,
excluding Govt. offices, cinema,
professional establishments.

69. Industrial- Violet
Light Industry
Heavy Industry
Noxious industry
Service industry
(IT, Tourism, Hospitality, Transport, Legal,
construction and related, financial, education )
Extensive industry

70. Transport and communication- Grey
Road depots and parking, railway
yards and stations, dockyard-jettys
and piers, Airports and telephone
exchanges, broadcasting stations

71. Public Utilities- Brown
Water supply and sanitary installation,
electric power plant, transmission
lines, gas installations

72. Public and semi-public- Red
Govt. offices, law courts, Police
stations, Jails, educational, Cultural,
religious, medical and health facilities,
cultural and recreational facilities of
non commercial nature, defence land

73. Open Spaces- Green
Sports grounds, Parks and playgrounds,
crematoria etc.

74. Agricultural- Bluish Green
Market gardens, orchards, land under
staple crops, grazing land and pastures,
forest land, marshy land, barren land,
and land under cultivation.

75. Zoning
Control bylaw of the physical
development of land and the uses to
which each individual property may be
put.

76. Also includes control of the density and
construction of buildings.

77. Relationship between Land use and
Zoning

78. Land use refers to the use to which a
parcel of land has been put.

79. Zoning is the allocation of different parts
of the city to different uses by law.
main uses and sub categories allowed
will be specified.

80. Types of Zoning
Euclidean zoning (Land use zoning)

82. BENGALURU

83. Form based codes
Focus is on urban form not on use.
● Building height
● Coverage (bulk)

84. ● Facade treatment
● Location of parking
● building and street relationship

85. Flexibility in terms of Land use

86. Density Zoning
● Front and rear setbacks
● minimum size of a plot
● FAR

87. ● Gross residential density
● Net residential density (exclude open
spaces, public institutions and
shopping centres, include local roads
exclude thorough roads.

88. Height Zoning
● Maximum height prescribed.
● Depends on the nature of the building
type of zoning provide enough daylight
and ventilation.

89. Performance Zoning
● impact on natural features
● emissions traffic generation
● development intensity
● visual performance
● economic impact

90. Incentive Zoning
● provide incentive for providing public
amenities like open space or public
space at the base of the building.

91. Incentive may include
● reduce parking standards.
● Relaxed FAR and setbacks

92. Open space Zoning
● Protect land or water area where
development is indefinitely set aside