presentation

1. Welcome to My Presentation

2. Topic of My Presentation
PRESENTED BY:
MD.Nishat Hawlader
ID NO:1504010
REG.NO:05770
LEVEL-1,SEMISTER-2
SESSION:2015-2016

3. Introduction
 The history of oceanography includes many ocean explorations.
 Oceanography is a broad field in which many sciences are focused
on the common goal of understanding the oceans.
 The Scientific investigations began with early scientists such as
James Cook, Charles Darwin, and Edmund Halley.
 The early investigations of the sea were motivated by the
requirements of daily survival.

4. Oceanography
 Oceanography is the application of all science to the phenomena
of the ocean.
 It is also known as oceanology, is the study of the physical and
the biological aspects of the ocean.
 Matthew Fontaine Maury is the father of oceanography.

5. Father Of Oceanography
Matthew Fontaine Maury

6. History Of Oceanography
 Early History
 The Middle Ages
 The Age of Discovery
 Beginning of Voyaging for Science
 The Age of Modern Oceanographic Exploration

7. Early History - until about 150 AD
 2500 B.C. – Polynesians begin their migration throughout the South Pacific
 600 B.C. – Pytheas of Massilia rounded Spain and circumnavigated Britain.
 450 B.C. – A Greek map (made by Herodotus) shows Thalassa, as the
Mediterranean was called at the time.
 100 A.D. – Chinese invented first compass
 120 A.D. – Ptolemy develops geographic system of latitude and longitude.

8. The first invented Compass by
Chinese

9. The Middle Ages (150 AD to late 1400's)
 700-1000 A.D. – The Vikings discover Greenland and America
 12th cent. A.D. – Normans invent ship's rudder.
 1328 A.D. – Invention of the sawmill spurs shipbuilding
 During the middle ages the knowledge of navigation increased

10. The Age of Discovery (Latest 1400's to early
1700's)
 1406 A.D. – Ptolemy's geography is introduced in Europe
 1450 A.D. – Prince Henry establishes a Naval observatory
 1492 A.D. – Columbus sets sail.
 1511 A.D. – Portugal defeats the Arabian empire in the first major
naval battle
 1577 A.D. – Sir Francis Drake circumnavigates the globe
 1609 A.D. – Henry Hudson explores present-day New York and
Hudson River

11. Beginning of Voyaging for Science (Late
1700's to 20th century)
 1768 A.D. – James Cook begins the first of his Pacific explorations
 1770 A.D. – Benjamin Franklin publishes his map of the Gulf Stream
 1778 A.D. – Cook explores Hawaiian Islands
 1831 A.D. – Charles Darwin begins his expeditions on the HMS Beagle
 1855 A.D. – Matthew Maury publishes the Physical Geography of the Sea
 1893 A.D. – Fridtjof Nansen sets a drift in the Arctic Ocean aboard the
Frame.
 1895–Marconi of Italy invents wireless telegraph.

13. Fig: H.M.S. Beagle 1831-1836

14. The Age of Modern Oceanographic
Exploration (1900's to early 21st century)
 1917– Mason of U.S. invents the ECHO-SOUNDER, which was used
as a submarine detector.
 1955-U.S. scientists develop 1st nuclear submarine.
 1978 A.D. – SEASAT-A, the first dedicated oceanographic satellite, is
launched
 1992 A.D. – TOPEX satellite is launched to measure sea surface
altimetry
 1995 A.D. – Japanese robotic submersible Kaiko sets a new depth
record.

15. Conclusion
 Oceanography may be one of the newest fields of science, but its
roots extend back several tens of thousands of years when people
began to venture from their coastlines in rafts.
 These first seafaring explorers, navigators and oceanographers
began to pay attention to the ocean in many ways.
 They observed waves, storms, tides, and currents that carried
their rafts in certain directions at different times.
 They sought fish for food.
 They realized that although ocean water didn’t look different
from river water, it was salty and undrinkable. Their experiences
and understanding of the oceans were passed down over
thousands of years from generation to generation in myths and
legends.

16. THANKS TO ALL