This document discusses balanced occlusion in complete dentures. It defines balanced occlusion and describes its importance for denture stability. The document outlines various concepts that have been proposed to achieve balanced occlusion, including those by Gysi, French, Sears, Pleasure, Frush, and Hanau. It discusses factors like condylar guidance, incisal guidance, cusp height, and compensating curves that influence balanced occlusion. The document emphasizes that balanced occlusion allows for even distribution of forces across the dental arch during various jaw movements.

1. Balanced Occlusion in Complete Dentures
Presented by
Sadaf Kazmi
3rd year PGT

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Difference between natural and artificial occlusion
• Terminology
• General requirements of complete denture occlusion
• Occlusal schemes requisites
– Incisive unit
– Working unit
– Balancing unit
• Types of complete denture occlusion
• Importance of balanced occlusion

3. • General considerations of balanced occlusion
• Characteristics of balanced occlusion
• Advantages of balanced occlusion
• Factors influencing balanced occlusion
• Types of balanced occlusion
• Concepts proposed to attain balanced occlusion
• Arrangement of teeth in balanced occlusion
• Conclusion
• References

4. INTRODUCTION
• Dentate status can affect diet, nutritional status, and general health.
Masticatory efficiency in complete denture wearers is approximately 80%
lower than in people with natural dentition.
• Every time opposing teeth contact there is a resultant force. Although this
force may vary in magnitude and direction, it must always be resisted by
supporting tissues.
• Some dentists believe there should be cusps on the teeth and that they
must be in complete harmony with the dynamics of temporomandibular
joint function. Other dentists believed that the teeth should not have
cusps.
• There are numerous concepts, techniques, and philosophies concerning
complete denture occlusion.

5. Natural Vs Artificial Dentition
Natural teeth Artificial teeth
Periodontal ligament supports
teeth
No periodontal ligament
Function independently Function as group
Malocclusion is non problematic
over years
Malocclusion causes drastic
problems
Non vertical forces affect only the
teeth involved
Non vertical forces are damaging
to supporting tissues
Incising doesn’t affect posterior
teeth
Incising affects all teeth on the
base

6. Second molar is prefered position
for mastication
Heavy pressures of mastication in
second molar region tilts base and
shifts if it is on inclined surface
Bilateral balance is rarely found
and if present is considered as
interference
Bilateral balance necessary for
base stability
Proprioceptive impulses give feed
back to avoid prematurities and
interferences and established a
stable habitual occlusion away
from centric relation.
No feed back of proprioceptive
impulses and denture base rests
in centric relation-any
prematurities in this position will
shift denture base

7. TERMINOLOGY
OCCLUSION
• The Bilateral simultaneous contact of the anterior and posterior teeth in
excursive movements. ( GPT 9)
• Occlusion is the relation of the maxillary and mandibular teeth when in
functional contact during activity of the mandible (Dorlands Dictionary)

8. ARTICULATION
• The static and dynamic contact relationship between the occlusal surfaces of the
teeth during function (GPT9)
• Articulation is the continuous change from one occlusal position to next.
BALANCED ARTICULATION
• Is a continuing sliding contact of upper and lower cusps all around the dental
arches during all closed grinding movements of the mandible.

9. CENTRIC OCCLUSION
• Occlusion of opposing teeth when mandible is in centric relation. This may or may
not coincide with maximum intercuspation.
MAXIMUM INTERCUSPATION
• The complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent of condylar
position, sometimes referred to as the best fit of the teeth regardless of the
condylar position

10. WORKING SIDE
• The side toward which the mandible moves in a lateral excursion
BALANCING SIDE/NON-WORKING SIDE
• That side of the mandible that moves toward the median line in a lateral
excursion. The condyle on that side is referred to as the nonworking side
condyle

11. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF COMPLETE DENTURE OCCLUSION
• Stability of denture and occlusion when mandible is in both centric and
eccentric relations
• Unlocking cusps mesiodistally to accommodate for gradual settling of denture
base
• Control of horizontal forces by buccolingual cusp height reduction according
to residual ridge resistance form and interarch distance
• Functional lever balance by favorable tooth to ridge crest position

12. • Cutting and shearing efficiency of occlusal surface
• Anterior incisal clearance during posterior masticatory function
• Minimal area of contact to reduce pressure while crushing food
• Sharp cusps and sluice ways to increase masticating efficiency

13. OCCLUSAL SCHEME REQUISITES TO FULFILL
THE REQUIREMENTS
• Each occlusal scheme has three characteristics;
the incising, working and balancing units.
• The ideal requirement of a complete denture occlusion can be
fulfilled by creating or providing the following characteristics
for each unit.

14. Incisal Units (all the four incisors)
• Sharp units for improved incising efficiency.
• The units should not contact during mastication,
but only during protrusion.
• Flat incisal guidance.
• Have horizontal overlap to avoid interference
during settling (the mandibular denture may
slide anteriorly as it settles).

15. Working Units (canine and the posterior teeth of the side
towards which the mandible moves)
• Cusps for good cutting and grinding efficiency
• Smaller bucco-lingual width to decrease the occlusal load transferred to
the tissues.
• Group function at the end of the chewing cycle in eccentric
positions(During lateral movement if there is simultaneous contact of the
posterior teeth of the working side, it is called group function).
• The occlusal load should be directed to the antero-posterior center of the
denture.
• The plane of occlusion should be parallel to the mean foundation plane
of the ridge.

16. Balancing Units (canine and the posteriors opposite to the
working side):
• The second molars should be in contact during protrusive action
(Protrusive balance).
• They should have contact along with the working side at the end
of the chewing cycle.
• Smooth gliding contacts should be available for un-interfered
lateral and protrusive movements.

17. CONCEPTS OF COMPLETE DENTURE OCCLUSION
• Static concept
Include centric occlusion, protrusive occlusion, right and left lateral occlusion.
All of these relations must be balanced with the simultaneous contacts of all
the teeth on both sides of the arch at their very first contact. The cuspal inclines
should be developed so that the teeth can glide from a more centric occlusion
to eccentric positions without interference and without the introduction of
rotating or tipping forces.
• Dynamic concept
Is primarily concerned with opening and closing movements involved in
mastication. Jaw movements and tooth contacts are made, as the teeth of one
jaw glide over the teeth of the opposing jaw. Movements of the mandible
which occur when the teeth are not in contact are termed as free movements.

18. TYPES OF COMPLETE DENTURE OCCLUSION
• Complete denture occlusion can be of three types:-
Unbalanced occlusion
Balanced occlusion
Monoplane occlusion
Lingualized occlusion
• Each type has its own indications and contraindications, advantages and
disadvantages.

19. BALANCED OCCLUSION
• Balanced occlusion in complete denture can be defined as stable
simultaneous contact of the opposing upper and lower tooth in
centric relation position and a continuous smooth bilateral gliding
from this position to any eccentric position within normal range of
mandibular function (Winkler)
• Bilateral simultaneous, anterior, and posterior occlusal contact of
teeth in centric and eccentric positions (GPT 9)

20. Importance of Balanced Occlusion
• Balanced occlusion is one of the most important factors that
affect denture stability.
• No single tooth will produce any interference or disocclusion of
other teeth
• Preservation of ridges by better distribution of forces

21. “Enter bolus, Exit balance”.
• Sheppard (1968) stated that, “Enter bolus, Exit balance”.
• According to this statement, the balancing contact is absent when
food enters the oral cavity.
• This makes us think that balanced occlusion has no function
during mastication; hence, it is not essential in a complete
denture. But this is not true.
Irving M. Sheppard, D.M.D 1968

22. • Allen Brewer and Donald C. Hudson reported the importance
of balanced occlusion.
• He stated that on an average, a normal individual makes
masticatory tooth contact only for 17 minutes in one full day
compared to 4 hours of total tooth contact during other
functions. So, for these 4 hours of tooth contact, balanced
occlusion is important to maintain the stability of the denture.
Hence, balanced occlusion is more critical during para-
functional movements.
Allen A. Brewer,; Donald C. Hudson.1961

23. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF BALANCED OCCLUSION
The following points should be considered while developing balanced
occlusion:
• Ideal-balanced occlusion can be achieved in cases with wide and large ridges
and in complete dentures, with teeth arranged close to the ridge.
• Complete dentures that have teeth arranged away from the ridge and those
that rest on narrow and short ridges will have poor balanced occlusion.
• Teeth that have a narrow bucco-lingual width and those that rest on wide
ridges provide ideal-balanced occlusion.

24. • Ideal balance can be achieved by arranging the teeth slightly on the
lingual side of the crest of the ridge. Arranging the teeth buccally
will lead to poor balanced occlusion.
• If the teeth are set outside the ridge the denture may elevate on
one side during tooth contact. Stability of the denture against these
lever forces is called as lever balance and is necessary for balanced
occlusion.
• The complete denture should be designed in such a way that the
forces of occlusion are centered antero-posteriorly in the denture.

25. ADVANTAGES OF BALANCED OCCLUSION
• SWALLOWING- Bilateral balance allows contacts occurring during swallowing to
be made evenly without displacing base against oral mucosa
• CHEWING-. In the final stage of the chewing movement, bilateral balance ensures
that the base plate remains in a stable position during closing
• PARAFUNCTIONAL MOVEMENTS- Balanced occlusion prevents destructive lateral
forces generated against basal seat during para-functional activity
• Reduced trauma, improves comfort
• The functional movements are possible

26. TYPES OF BALANCED OCCLUSION
UNILATERAL OCCLUSAL BALANCE
• This is a type of occlusion seen on teeth of one side when they occlude
simultaneously as a group, with a smooth uninterrupted glide
• This is not followed during complete denture construction.
• It is more pertained to fixed partial dentures.

27. BILATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION
• This is a type of occlusion that is seen when simultaneous contact
occurs on both sides in centric and eccentric positions.
• Bilateral balanced occlusion helps to distribute the occlusal load
evenly across the arch and therefore helps to improve stability of the
denture during centric, eccentric or para-functional movements.
• The bilateral balanced occlusion is more important during activities
such as swallowing saliva, closing to reseat the denture, and the
bruxing of the teeth during times of stress.

28. PROTRUSIVE BALANCED OCCLUSION:
• This type of balanced occlusion is present when mandible moves in a
forward direction and the occlusal contacts are smooth and
simultaneous anteriorly and posteriorly.
• There should be at least three points of contact in the occlusal plane.
Two of these should be located posteriorly and one should be located
in the anterior region. This is absent in natural dentition.

29. Factors governing
1. Angle of the incisal guidance chosen for the patient.
2. Inclination of the condylar path
3. Cuspal height and inclination of the posterior teeth.
4. Angle of the plane of occlusion.
5. The compensating curves chosen for orientation with the condylar
path and the incisal guidance.

30. LATERAL BALANCED OCCLUSION
• In lateral balance, there will be a minimal simultaneous three point
contact (one anterior, two posterior) present during lateral
movement of the mandible.
• It is absent in normal dentition. When a dentulous person with
canine guided occlusion moves his mandible to the right, there will
be canine guided disocclusion of all his teeth. That is, the canine will
be the only tooth that contacts the opposing tooth. Even the canine
of the opposite side will not have contact.
• If this relationship is followed during teeth arrangement, then the
denture will lose its stability due to lever action. To prevent this the
teeth should be arranged such that there is simultaneous tooth
contact in the balancing and working sides.

31. LAWS OF LATERAL BALANCE-
1. Angle of inclination of the condylar path on the balancing side.
2. Angle of inclination of the incisal guidance and cuspid lift.
3. Angle of inclination of the plane of occlusion on the balancing side
and working side.
4. Compensating curve on the balancing side and working side.
5. The buccal cusp heights or inclination of the teeth on the balancing
side.
6. The lingual cusp heights or inclination on the working side.
7. The Bennett side shift on the working side.

32. CONCEPTS OF BALANCED OCCLUSION
Gysi’s Concept (1914)
• He proposed the first concept towards balanced occlusion.
• He suggested that arranging 330 anatomic teeth could be used under
various movements of the articulator to enhance the stability of the
denture.
(a) Gysi's concept: In centric occlusion (b) Gysi's concept: In
right lateral position

33. French’s concept (1954)
• According to this concept,the occlusal surface of the mandibular
posterior teeth had been reduced to increase the stability of the denture.
• He arranged upper first premolars with 50 inclination, upper second
premolars with 100 inclination and upper molars with 150 inclination.
• He used modified French teeth to obtain balanced occlusion.
(a) French's concept: In centric occlusion (b) French's
concept: In right lateral position

34. Sears’s concept
• He proposed balanced occlusion for non-anatomical teeth using posterior
balancing ramps or an occlusal plane which curves antero-posteriorly and
laterally.
(a) Sear's concept: In centric occlusion (b) Sear's
concept: In right lateral position

35. Pleasure’s concept
• In 1937, Dr. Max Pleasure introduced a pleasure curve or the posterior reverse
lateral curve to align and arrange the posterior teeth in order to increase the
stability of the denture.
• In centric occlusion, contact forces are directed toward the ridges [Figure 4b] and
in right lateral working position, the occlusal forces are directed toward the lingual
side of the lower ridge on the working side and toward the buccal side of the
lower ridge on the balancing side [Figure 4c].
(a) Pleasure curve (b) Pleasure's concept: In centric
occlusion (c) Pleasure's concept: In right lateral position

36. Frush’s Concept
• In 1967, Frush gave the “Linear occlusal concept,” which employed an
arbitrary articulator balance, followed by intraoral corrections to obtain
balance.
• He advised arranging teeth in a one-dimensional contact relationship,
which should be reshaped during try-in to obtain balanced occlusion
(a) Frush's concept: In centric occlusion (b) Frush's
concept: In right lateral position

37. HANAU’S LAWS OF ARTICULATION
In 1925 RUDOLPH.L.HANAU (ENGINEER) -Proposed nine factors that govern the
articulation of artificial teeth-
Laws of balanced articulation…..

38. Laws of balanced articulation
1. Horizontal condylar inclination
2. Compensating curve
3. Protrusive incisal guidance
4. Plane of orientation
5. Buccolingual inclination of tooth axis
6. Sagittal condylar pathway
7. Sagittal incisal guidance
8. Tooth alignment
9. Relative cusp height

39. • Hanau later condensed these nine factors and formulated five
factors, which are commonly known as Hanau’s quint:
1. Condylar guidance
2. Incisal guidance
3. Compensating curves
4. Relative cusp height
5. Plane of orientation of the occlusal plane

40. Thielemann subsequently simplified Hanau's factors in a formula for balanced
articulation.
[K × I]/[OP × C × OK].Where, K = Condyle guidance,I = Incisal guidance,C =
Cusp height inclinations,OP = Inclination of the occlusal plane,OK = Curvature
of the occlusal surfaces.

41. TRAPOZZANO CONCEPT
• He reviewed and simplified Hanau’s quint and proposed his Triad of Occlusion.
(Condylar guidance, Incisal guidance, Cuspal angle)
• He dismissed the need for determining the plane of occlusion to produce
balanced occlusion. He said that the plane of occlusion could be shifted to favor
weak ridges, hence, its location is not constant and is variable within the interarch
distance.
• He also dismissed the need for setting compensating curves, because, he
suggested that when we arrange cusped teeth in principle these curves are
produced automatically. He considered that compensating curve as a passive
factor, which is a resultant of setting cusped teeth.

42. Trapozzano's triad of occlusion

43. BOUCHER’S CONCEPT
• Boucher confronted Trapozzano’s concept and proposed the following
three factors for balanced occlusion.
– Orientation Of Occlusal Plane
– Incisal Guidance
– Condylar guidance
• Angulation of cusp is more important than height of cusp.
• The value of the compensating curve is that it permits alteration of
cusp height without changing the form of the manufactured teeth.
If the teeth themselves do not have any cusps, the equivalence of a
cusp can be produced by a compensating curve.
• He also stated that, “the plane of occlusion should be oriented
exactly as it was when natural teeth were present”

44. LOTT CONCEPT
• Explained HANAU work by relating laws of occlusion to
posterior separation

45. FACTORS AFFECTING BALANCED OCCLUSION
• Though many authors questioned the necessity of all the five factors in a Hanau’s
quint, it is still considered as the basic determinant of balanced occlusion. They
are-
1. Inclination of the condylar path or condylar guidance
2. Incisal guidance
3. Orientation of the plane of occlusion or occlusal plane
4. Cuspal angulation
5. Compensating curves.

46. 1. Condylar guidance
• Inclination of the condylar path is also called as the first factor of occlusion.
• This is the only factor, which can be recorded from the patient.
• It is registered using protrusive registration i.e. the patient is asked to protrude
with the occlusal rims. Inter-occlusal record material is injected between the
occlusal rims in this position. The occlusal rims with the inter occlusal record are
transferred to the articulation.
• Since the occlusal rims are in a protrusive relation, the upper member of the
articulator is moved back to accommodate them.

47. • The inter-occlusal record is carefully removed and the upper member is
allowed to slide forward to its original position. The condylar guidance
should be adjusted (rotated) till the upper member slides freely into
position. It is transferred to the articulator as the condylar guidance.
• Increase in the condylar guidance will increase the jaw separation during
protrusion. This factor of balance occlusion cannot be modified. All the
other four factors of occlusion should be modified to compensate the
effects of this factor.
• In patients with a steep condylar guidance, the incisal guidance should
be decreased to reduce the amount of jaw separation produced during
protrusion and vice versa. But it should be remembered that the incisal
guidance cannot be made very steep because it has its own ill effects.

48. 2. Incisal guidance
• This is defined as, “The influence of the
contacting surface of the mandibular and
maxillary anterior teeth on mandibular
movements”.
• It is called as the second factor of occlusion.
It is determined by the dentist and
customized for the patient during anterior
try-in.
• It acts as controlling path for the movements
of the casts in an articulator.

49. • During protrusive movements, the incisal
edge of the mandibular anterior teeth move
in a downward and forward path
corresponding to the palatal surface of the
upper incisors. This is known as the
protrusive incisal path or incisal guidance.
• The angle formed by this protrusive path to
the horizontal plane is called as the incisal
guide angle.
• It should be set depending upon the desired
overjet and overbite planned for the patient.

50. • If the overjet is increased, the inclination
of the incisal guidance is decreased. If the
overbite is increased, then the incisal
guidance increases.
• The incisal guidance has more influence
on the posterior teeth than the condylar
guidance. This is because the action of the
incisal inclination is closer to the teeth
than the action of the condylar guidance.
HORIZONTAL OVERLAP{over jet}
VERTICAL OVERLAP{overbite}

51. 3. Orientation of the Occlusal
Plane
• It refers to the vertical location of the
anteroposterior alignment of the occlusal plane
in the space between the upper and lower
ridges.
• The plane of occlusion is established anterior by
the height of the lower cuspid which is nearly
coincident with the commissure of the mouth
and posterior by the height of the retromolar
pad.

52. 4. Compensating curve
• It is defined as, “The antero-posterior and lateral curvatures in the
alignment of the occluding surfaces and incisal edges of artificial
teeth which are used to develop balanced occlusion”
• It is an important factor for establishing balanced occlusion. It is
determined by the inclination of the posterior teeth and their
vertical relationship to the occlusal plane.
• The posterior teeth should be arranged such that their occlusal
surfaces form a curve. This curve should be in harmony with the
movements of the mandible guided posteriorly by the condylar
path.
• A steep condylar path requires a steep compensatory curve to
produce balanced occlusion. If a shallow compensating curve is
given for the same situation, there will be loss of balancing molar
contacts during protrusion.

53. • There are two types of compensating curves namely:
– Anteroposterior curves
– Lateral curves
• Curve of Spee, Wilson’s curve and Monson’s curve are
associated only with natural dentition. In complete dentures
compensating curves similar to these curves should be
incorporated to produce balanced occlusion.
1. Anteroposterior Compensating Curves:
• These are compensatory curves running in an anteroposterior
direction. They compensate for the curve of Spee seen in
natural dentition.

54. Compensating Curve for Curve of Spee
• It is an imaginary curve joining the buccal cusps of the mandibular posterior teeth
starting from the canine passing through the head of the condyle.
• It is seen in the natural dentition and should be reproduced in a complete
denture.
• The significance of this curve is that, when the patient moves his mandible
forward, the posterior teeth set on this curve will continue to remain in contact. If
the teeth are not arranged according to this curve, there will be disocclusion
during protrusion of the mandible (Christensen’s phenomenon).

55. 2. Lateral Compensating Curves
• These curves run transversely from one side of the arch to the other. The
following curves fall in this category:
Compensating curve for Monson Curve:
• Monson’s curve is defined as, “The curve of occlusion in which each cusp
and incisal edge touches or conforms to a segment of the sphere of 8
inches in diameter with its center in the region of the Glabella”.
• This curve runs across the palatal and buccal cusps of the maxillary
molars.
• During lateral movement the mandibular lingual cusps on the working
side should slide along the inner inclines of the maxillary buccal cusp. In
the balancing side the mandibular buccal cusps should contact the inner
inclines of the maxillary palatal cusp. This relationship forms a balance.
• Only if the teeth are set following the Monson’s curve there will be lateral
balance of occlusion.

56. Compensating Curve for Wilson Curve
• Wilson’s curve is defined as, “A curve of occlusion which is
convex upwards”. – GPT.
• This curve runs opposite to the direction of the Monson’s
curve.

57. Mediolateral curve : curve of Wilson.
• This curve is obtained by tilting the upper molars such that the buccal cusps are
higher than the palatal cusps.
• Consequently lower molars are tilted lingually(Wilsons curve).
• Wilson curve involves only molars.

58. Reverse Curve
• “A curve of occlusion which in transverse cross-section
conforms to a line which is convex upward”.
• It was originally developed to improve the stability of the
denture. The reverse curve was modified by Max Pleasure to
form the pleasure curve.

59. Pleasure Curve
• “A curve of occlusion which in transverse cross-section
conforms to a line which is convex upward except for the last
molars”. – GPT.
• It is given in maxillary first premolar by raising the palatal cusp
higher than the buccal cusp.
• It was proposed by Max Pleasure. He proposed this curve to
balance the occlusion and increase the stability of the
denture..
• This curve is the reverse of Wilsons curve.

60. 5. Cuspal angulation
• Cusp angle is defined as, “The angle made by the average
slope of a cusp with the cusp plane measured mesiodistally or
buccolingually”.
• The cusps on the teeth or the inclination of the cuspless teeth
are important factors that modify the effect of plane of
occlusion and the compensating curves.

61. • In cases with a shallow overbite, the cuspal angle should be
reduced to balance the incisal guidance. This is done because
the jaw separation will be less in cases with a decreased
overbite. Teeth with steep cusps will produce occlusal
interference in these cases.
• In cases with a deep bite, the jaw separation is more during
protrusion. Teeth with high cuspal inclines are required in these
cases to produce posterior contact during protrusion.
• Occlusal reshaping is done after teeth arrangement to produce
balanced occlusion.

62. ARRANGEMENT OF ANATOMIC TYPE ARTIFICIAL TEETH
INTO BALANCED OCCLUSION
1. Amount of overjet should not be less than 2mm in centric relation. Anterior
teeth set according to best possible esthetics, phonetics and function.
2. Steep condylar guidance or steep incisal guidance and combination of them
suggest prominent compensating curve with steep anteroposterior and lateral
cusp height. This is detrimental to the stability of denture. Condylar guidance
must be accepted as recorded but the incisal guidance should be kept as flat as
possible.

63. 3. The upper premolars should be positioned so as to present a normal
dental arch outline. Practically a straight line from the canines to the
mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molar, thus, contributing to esthetics..
4. The lower first premolars may be positioned buccally to the crest of
the ridge occasionally in order to occlude correctly with the upper
premolars.
5. Sometimes it is found necessary to grind artificial teeth at the gingival
end. Both the upper and lower premolars should present with
sufficient length, short premolars are detrimental to esthetics and
should not be used.

64. Teeth arrangement in Zero degree teeth
Balanced occlusion with cuspless teeth can be achieved by several ways:
1- Zero-degree teeth with inclination of the lower second molar.
tilting the second molar
2- Zero-degree teeth with balancing ramps placed posterior
to the most distal molar.
3. Zero-degree teeth set to steep compensatory.

65. Lingualized articulation
In 1927, Gysi introduced the concept of lingualized articulation.
In effect, the occlusion is lingualized by the elimination of contacts on the buccal
cusps and by the anteroposterior arrangement of lower posterior teeth so that
their lingual surfaces are on or within the lingual side of a triangle from the mesial
area of the lower cuspid to the sides of the retromolar pad.
The lingualized concept utilizes anatomic teeth for the maxillary denture and
modified nonanatomic or semi anatomic teeth for the mandibular denture.

66. Indications
• High priority on esthetics but a nonanatomic occlusal scheme is indicated
• Severe residual ridge resorption
• Class II jaw relationship
• Flabby supporting tissue
• When a complete denture opposes a removable partial denture

67. Conclusion
• Occlusion should be smooth running, the importance of occlusion
and articulation for maintenance of complete denture stability has
never been underestimated.
• Occlusion provided should be compatible with the stomatognathic
system and should provide an efficient mastication and esthetics,
without any physiologic abnormality.

68. REFERENCES
• Heartwell CM Jr, Rahn AO. Syllabus of complete dentures. 4th ed. Bombay; Varghese;
1992.p. 240-48
• Scandrett FR. Articulators in complete denture construction. Winkler S. essentials of
complete denture prosthodontics. 2nd ed. Delhi: AITBS;2004.p. 231-373
• De Van MM. The concept of neutrocentric occlusion as related to denture stability. J Am
Dent Assoc 1954;48:165-169.
• Mehringer JE. Physiologically generated occlusion. J Prosthet Dent 1973;30:373-79.
• Gronas DG. Lineal occlusion concepts for complete dentures. J Prosthet Dent
1974;32:122-129.
• Weinberg LA. Temporomandibular joint function and its effect on concepts
• of occlusion. J Prosthet Dent 1976;35:553-66.
• Winkler S. Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics. 2nd ed. AITBs Publishers,
Delhi: 2000.

69. Thank you