Haiti Soil Survey and Natural Resources Conservation Initiative - Opportunities and challenges
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70th SWCS International Annual Conference July 26-29, 2015 Greensboro, NC
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Haiti Soil Survey and Natural Resources Conservation Initiative - Opportunities and challenges
- 1. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Opportunities and Challenges Promoting Soil Survey Technology Transfer in Haiti Soil and Water Conservation Society Conference July 28, 2015, Greensboro, NC
- 2. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Background • Haiti covers 27,500 Km2 • West of the Dominican Republic • Population ~ 10- 12 million people – ( 3 million in Port-au-Prince) • Administratively: • 10 Departments (Regions)
- 3. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Farming – Mainstay of Haitian Economy • About 60% of population make a living off the land • 1/3 of land suitable for farming • Average farm size ~ 1 ha or 2.5 acres • Combination of grain crops, roots and tubers and fruit trees • Major drought in 1985 (Food imports) • Earthquake in 2010 Haiti DRC
- 4. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Rational Build capacity within the Haiti Ministry of Agriculture to provide leadership and create partnerships to conduct soil survey and develop soil information delivery tools Objective Following 2010 Earthquake in Haiti President Obama directed government agencies to contribute toward the recovery effort and a sustainable future for the people of Haiti. As the Agency with a mandate for natural resources conservation, NRCS/WSR proposed the Haiti Soil Survey and Natural Resources Initiative
- 5. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Fact Finding Mission in 2010 – National Priorities • Short term goals • Long-term goals – Natural Resource Concerns – Soils information technology • Foundation for natural resources Conservation • Improved agricultural productivity • Environmental Stewardship and climate change mitigation
- 6. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Potential Partners • Ministry of Agriculture (Leader) • Environment • Public Works • Health • Territorial Administration • Planning • CIAT • CNIGS • Universities and Technical Schools
- 7. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Deliberations • What is a soil survey • Why soil survey • Who uses soil survey • How to conduct a soil survey • Timelines, scope, duration • Costs, (cost share) – Human resources needs – Facilities, Equipment and Transportation • Roles and responsibilities • Memorandum of Understanding
- 8. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Stake Holder’s Conference - Needs Assessment • Soil Surveys • Creation of a GIS/GPS Unit • Data base • Biodiversity • Modeling /validating soil erosion • Soil Conservation • Wetland mapping and mitigation • Etc , Etc, Etc
- 9. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Natural Resource Concerns • Salinity/sodicity • Soil Erosion • Low crop yields • Flash Floods • Stoniness • Water Management • Soil Quality • Foundation failure
- 10. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Cochran Fellowship Study Tour Haitian Leaders and Specialists visited the US in 2013 5 National Leaders 3 GIS specialists 3 Database managers 1 University faculty member 1 Soils laboratory director 3 days in Washington DC 1 week in Lincoln for Leaders 2 Weeks in Lincoln for specialists
- 11. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Haiti Soil Survey Training February 17- March 6 2014
- 13. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Field Data Collection Campaign 92 of 150 points were visited, described and sampled 13 Samples were described and sampled for full soil characterization
- 18. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Soil Orders in Pilot Area • 10 soil series • 11 map units • 3 Soil Orders
- 19. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Profile Examples Dleudon seriesBel Fontaine seriesJacquet series Haut Boën series
- 20. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Haiti Pilot Soil Survey Deliverables Manuscript Web Soil Survey SoilWeb Detailed soil Map
- 21. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV End of Project Conference • High level NRCS Representation - Associate Chief for Conservation - Leader, World Soil Resources - Director, International Programs • Minister of Agriculture • Strong Feed the Future Representation for USAID • Presentations by Haitian scientists WebSoil Survey; SoilWeb, RUSLE2, Soil Maps Heavy participation by locals farmers on field visit
- 22. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Impact of the Pilot Project • Government expressed satisfaction • Satisfied partners and trainees • Capacity Building Efforts • Training requests – Expansion of project – Continued technical support • FOHNDAD continuing activities
- 23. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Opportunities • Know Haitian Soils Capabilities/Limitations • Estimate soil erosion rates develop alternatives • Improve soil water and nutrient management • Improve soil health, fertility etc. • Improve crop and biomass productivity • Improve air and water quality (waterdshed) • Improve biodiversity / Improve wildlife habitat • Develop Sustainable lands use strategies
- 24. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Building Partnerships • Ministry of Agriculture and others ministries • University partners • Geospatial center • CIAT • WINNER / FOHNDAD (their training centers) • USAID Haiti / FAS • Farmers A
- 25. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Credits • Soil Science Division • World Soil Resources • National Soil Survey Center • NRCS (CA, DC, NC, NE, SD, HI, PR, SSR3) (Haiti Team) • International Agriculture Programs • FAS; USAID –DC; USAID-Haiti • MARDNR • WINNER, CIAT, CNIGS, Public Works laboratory • University of Haiti. UNIV of NE Lincoln, UC Davis • Governor’s Office, NE, Senators’ Offices-NE
- 26. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV 8/11/2015 Challenges: Coordination Pilot Soil Survey This is Exhausting Tète Chaje
- 27. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Challenges - Regulatory • Shipping equipment and materials to Haiti • Custom clearance • Transit times for shipment • Shipping soils to the US
- 28. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Opportunities for Collaboration Resource inventories Soil water Conservation Soil Health Nutrient management Land use planning Climate change mitigation Reforestation
- 29. MARNDR République d’Haïti Repiblik d’Ayiti FAMV Future Plans • Minister has submitted requests for extension and continued NRCS technical assistance • NRCS will submit proposal to FAS/USAID 7/29 • FAS/USAID evaluating plans for FY16/17 • Work with other collaborators • Disseminating Haiti Soils Information (Haiti) – Conferences: • World Soil Congress (Jeju, S. Korea - 2014) • ASA Meetings (Long Beach CA - 2014) • SWCS Conference ( Greensboro, NC - 2015)
Editor's Notes
- Where is Haiti Why this project? 2010 earthquake, congress appropriated funds, project proposal
- Objective Source: NCSS experience and resources
- Meet with potential partners Conduct needs assessment Explore available resources Assign roles/responsibilities Define scope and duration
- Latin hypercube used to derive the sample point locations – thanks to Tom D’ Avello (call him to explain that method). This worked well with the language barrier, the trainees could be independent in using GPS coordinates to locate each point and describe and sample sites. Progress map as points were competed points by each group. 92 points were sampled and described and 13 full characterization pedons collected- 13 pedons red points on map, yellow points are the 150 soil sites originally derived from Latin Hyper cube method, larger yellow are the 92 observed sites.
- Experiences in the field 3 groups of 8 to 10 students (agro engineers) to go to the field to collect data at 92 sites Upper left – looking north in the project area with group collecting site data on alluvial plain – lower left close up of group sampling on alluvial plain – Bel Fontaine Series Upper right – Donald Joseph from Ministry of agriculture explaining soil survey project to locals, lower right the trainees quickly learned how to Sample and describe soils by laying the augured samples in order of depth with stick to mark major soil property changes. Samples were collect on almost all of the 92 sites and Basic data ran at the KSSL in Lincoln (texture, pH, salts, om). Trainees were motivated and very bright – however with this many students at one site the conversations and cell phone usage was nonstop, causing the time to describe one site fairly high.
- Two main goals of the project at the ground level – 1. foremost - train the agronom engineers (graduates of the U of Haiti agriculture) on preforming soil survey mapping and 2. complete a soil survey on 7500 ac project area. Started with training on detailed descriptions of soil profiles. Translators were available but many times depended on others that had some limited English speaking skills. First hands on experience the trainees had with field work and describing soils, much of there education in the French style system is more theoretical.
- Steve Monteith from KSSL in Lincoln training trainees on lab sampling techniques 13 pedons were described and sampled for full characterization. Zachary and Therviel in pit collecting clods for bulk density With the 92 soil site observations and soil samples collected and 13 full characterization samples collect on 7500 acres it may be most densely sample and lab analyzed soil survey. With that we want to give a very big thank you to the KSSL and soil survey center in Lincoln for all the work and in a very timely manner.
- Different soil profiles – Different uses and management
- Soil Survey manuscript (electronic & hardcopy) Soil Maps and Block diagram Profile descriptions Soil chemical, physical and Engineering properties Soil interpretations Traditional Digital soil mapping Used to develop final map SSR3 helped with the correlations to develop the final detailed soils map WebSoil Survey SoilWeb RUSLE2 Over 100 people trained to support Soil Survey