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Where possible, give definitions/explanations for each of the following. If not possible
explain what is wrong with the terminology.
(a) Ferromagnetism and ferromagnetically coupled – and the distinction between the two
terms.
(b) Antiferromagnetism and antiferromagnetically coupled – and the distinction between
the two terms.
(c) Ferrimagnetism and ferrimagnetically coupled – and the distinction between the two
terms.
Solution
Ferromagnetism -
Electron has a magnetic dipole moment, i.e., it behaves like a tiny magnet, producing a magnetic
field. Due to its quantum nature, the spin of the electron can be in one of only two states; with
the magnetic field either pointing "up" or "down". When these magnetic dipoles in a piece of
matter are aligned, (point in the same direction) their individually tiny magnetic fields add
together to create a much larger macroscopic field resulting in large net magnetization even in
the absence of a magnetic field.
Ferromagnetically coupled -
The term us used in the explanation of molecular magnetic interactions. If in a molecule there
exist two interacting magnetic centers (eg. two Cu2+ ions in direct interaction or bridged a
ligand). The two election can be aligned in same direction in the molecule, resulting a higher
magnetic moment - termed as ferromagnetically coupled metal centers. The interaction is termed
as ferromagnetic coupling.
Antiferromagnetism -
It is the opposite of ferromagnetism in which the magnetic elections are aligned anti-parallel
resulting very low or zero net magnetization.
Antiferromagnetically coupled -
Opposite to ferromagnetically coupled, in which the elections in the two magnetic centers are
aligned anti-parallel to each other, resulting in lower magnetic moment for the compound.
Ferrimagnetism -
It a crystal, the lattice are composed of multiple sub lattices, and if a magnetic ion is located in a
sub lattice and which is interacting with other magnetic centers in nearby sub lattice by indirect
or superexchange interactions, results in anti-parallel alignment of spins between two sub lattice.
If the interactions are not cancelled each other, results a net magnetic moment. The phenomena
is known as ferrimagnetism.
Ferrimagnetically coupled,-
The coupling interaction on spin centers in a crystal of a inorganic molecule, are coupled each
other and resulting to a net magnetic moment- in known as ferrimagnetically coupled.

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Where possible- give definitions-explanations for each of the followin.docx

  • 1. Where possible, give definitions/explanations for each of the following. If not possible explain what is wrong with the terminology. (a) Ferromagnetism and ferromagnetically coupled – and the distinction between the two terms. (b) Antiferromagnetism and antiferromagnetically coupled – and the distinction between the two terms. (c) Ferrimagnetism and ferrimagnetically coupled – and the distinction between the two terms. Solution Ferromagnetism - Electron has a magnetic dipole moment, i.e., it behaves like a tiny magnet, producing a magnetic field. Due to its quantum nature, the spin of the electron can be in one of only two states; with the magnetic field either pointing "up" or "down". When these magnetic dipoles in a piece of matter are aligned, (point in the same direction) their individually tiny magnetic fields add together to create a much larger macroscopic field resulting in large net magnetization even in the absence of a magnetic field. Ferromagnetically coupled - The term us used in the explanation of molecular magnetic interactions. If in a molecule there exist two interacting magnetic centers (eg. two Cu2+ ions in direct interaction or bridged a ligand). The two election can be aligned in same direction in the molecule, resulting a higher magnetic moment - termed as ferromagnetically coupled metal centers. The interaction is termed as ferromagnetic coupling. Antiferromagnetism - It is the opposite of ferromagnetism in which the magnetic elections are aligned anti-parallel resulting very low or zero net magnetization. Antiferromagnetically coupled -
  • 2. Opposite to ferromagnetically coupled, in which the elections in the two magnetic centers are aligned anti-parallel to each other, resulting in lower magnetic moment for the compound. Ferrimagnetism - It a crystal, the lattice are composed of multiple sub lattices, and if a magnetic ion is located in a sub lattice and which is interacting with other magnetic centers in nearby sub lattice by indirect or superexchange interactions, results in anti-parallel alignment of spins between two sub lattice. If the interactions are not cancelled each other, results a net magnetic moment. The phenomena is known as ferrimagnetism. Ferrimagnetically coupled,- The coupling interaction on spin centers in a crystal of a inorganic molecule, are coupled each other and resulting to a net magnetic moment- in known as ferrimagnetically coupled.