22. USE OF FOSSIL FUELS
COAL: It comes from dead plants and it is
used as an energy resource(by burning it)
and also for industrial purposes.
PETROLEUM: It is use in manufacturing
many materials.
23. USE OF FOSSIL FUELS
GAS: It is use for producing heat by
burning it.
NUCLEAR ENERGY: It is use for
generating
heat and electricity by nuclear fission
24. RENEWABLE ENRGY SOURCES
Come from nature
Regenerate in a short period of time and do not contaminate
Examples: sun, wind, water, Earth heat, tides, and biomass
The force of wind move the sails . The sun rays hit the solar panels
of the windmill producing energy transmiting their energy to the electrons
25. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING
Sun:
Photovoltaic solar power:
- Is obtained directly from solar radiation
- Electricity is produced by the use of semiconductor plates which
generate electricity when light hit them
- Solar installations:
_Photovoltaic cells are conected to form photovoltaic panels
_Photovoltaic panels are conected toguether to get the energy level we
wish
_This energy can be stored in batteries so that it can be used when there
is no solar light
Solar panels are photovoltaic
Semiconductor plates
26. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING
Solar Thermal Energy:
Way of producing electricity similar to the one of the
power plants
The water vapuor is produced by by the heat of the
sun
Requires a high concentration of solar radiation
A field of mirros is used to fix the direction of the rays
toward a tower
field of mirrors
27. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING
Solar Thermal
Power:
Is the simpliest of the
ways to harness solar
energy
It is mainly used to heat
up water for a domestic
use
To do these we need a
collector, this will be heat
by solar radiation and a
thermally insulated tank.
28. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING
Wind:
Wind turbines:
Are about 80 meters tall
Are made up of a tower, a generator and three blades
Wind move the blades
In the generator, the kinetic energy produced by the
movement of the blades is transformed into electric
energy
This energy goes down the tower through a national
cable that then goes underground
29. HARNESSING
Biomass:
It is the energy produced by firewood or other similar products
When talking to energy, biomass can reffer to:
Agricultural waste: such as excrements or crop remains
Forest waste: such us brocken branches
Energy crops: this crops grown just with energetical porpuses
30. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING
Urban waste: organic waste form homes and restaurants
Uses:
We have to process this sources so that they are more
appropieted
Once the materials are processed, we used them to produce
energy
They are mostly used as fuel in thermal plants
In this thermal plants we produce electrycity by the combustion of
this products
31. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING
Geothermal:
Is the energy produced in the insides of the
Earth
Used to:
Heat up water so that the water vapour causes the
movement of a turbine connected to an alternator, so
that it generates electricity. This
process occur in geothermal
power plants
To heat up the water from
the heating systems of houses
and cities
32. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING
Tidal power:
Is the energy produced by the potential energy of the tides
It is used to produce electricity in hydroelectric power
plants
33. TECHNICAL SYSTEMS FOR HARNESSING
Wave energy:
Is the energy obtained by the movement of the waves
the waves get inside the air
chamber, then when the sea
level rises, the air
is pushed upward making a
movement in the turbine which is
conected to a generator that
transform this movement
into
electricity
34. ELECTRICAL ENENRGY
Electrical energy carried by moving
electrons in an electric conductor.
It cannot be seen.
It one of the most useful forms of energy because
it is relatively easy to transmit and use.
Matter consists of atoms.
atoms contains
electrons(movement).
35. GENERATION
Generators are the devices that transfer kinetic
energy into electrical energy.
Turning generators directly
Generators can be turned directly,
for example, by:
-wind turbines
-hydroelectric turbines
-wave and tidal turbines
When electricity is generated using wave, wind,
tidal or hydroelectric power there are two steps:
-The turbine turns a generator.
-Electricity is produced.
36. Turning generators indirectly
These are the steps by which electricity is generated
from fossil fuels:
1.Heat is released from fuel and boils the water to make
steam.
2.The steam turns the
turbine.
3. The turbine turns a
generator and
electricity is produced.
4.The electricity goes
to the transformers
to produce the correct
Voltage.
37. TYPES OF GENERATING
Thermal generation: is the process of
generating electricity from heat.
-Heat is a form of energy.
-Heat energy can be produced by burning
fuels such as coal, oil, gas or wood.
38. Hydroelectricity :it is one of the oldest and
most widely used energy resources in North
America.
- It is generated when water passes
through a dam to turn a turbine and generate
energy.
- is entirely renewable.
39. Nuclear power plants:
-It is utilized for the generation and
distribution of electric power
-These are generally located at the sub-
urban regions or several kilometers away
from the cities or the load centers.
PROCESS:
1. water is turned into steam, which in turn
drives turbine generators to produce
electricity.
40. 2. At nuclear power plants, the heat to make
the steam is created when uranium atoms
split this is called fission.
41. TRANSMISSION
Electricity is transmitted mainly through
overhead lines or underground cables.
The electricity transmission systems must be
designed in ways which reduce this loss of
current as much as possible.
- High voltage transmission: Electricity
generated in power stations is raised to a
very high voltage for transmission. This is to
reduce the current flow to the transmission
cables.
42. - Electrical Transmission by Overhead
Wire.
Overhead lines are held high above the ground
by metal towers called pylons.
43. - Low Resistance Transmission Wire
The power loss in the transmission
wire Ploss is directly proportional to the
resistance R of the wire. The lower the
resistance, the lower will be the power loss.
44. DISTRIBUTION
The electricity is removed from the
transmission system and passed through
step-down transformers that lower the
voltage.
The electricity is then transferred onto your
local electric network of distribution lines and
delivered to your home.
There, the electricity's voltage is lowered
again by a distribution transformer and
passed through your electric meter into your
home's network of electric wires and outlets.
45.
46. ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Energy is the capacity of a physical system
to perform work.
Environment: the air, water, and land in or
on which people, animals and plants live.
47. EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING
Energy efficiency is using less energy to provide
the same service.
- to combat climate change, clean the air we
breathe, improve the competitiveness of our
businesses and reduce energy costs for
consumers.
Saving energy:
- Close your exterior doors and window.
- Set your dishwashers on economy
mode.
- Turn off your oven or burners
- Keep the oven door closed
48. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
Generation
- The environmental impact of
electricity generation is significant
because modern society uses large
amounts of electrical power.
- This power is normally generated at
power plants that convert some other kind of
energy into electrical power.
49. Transmission.
- The amount of impacts from the
construction of a transmission line can be
measured in several different ways. Useful
methods of quantifying impact are
measurements of area (acreage), distance
(miles or feet), and the number of poles.
50. Distribution.
- The most important environmental
impacts of our operations are the
consumption of natural resources,
greenhouse effect and acidification
caused by air emissions, occasional
noise, and environmental impacts caused
by construction.
51. USE OF ENERGY.
We divide our energy use
among four economic
sectors: residential,
commercial,
transportation, and
industrial.
In the United States
alone, energy
consumption is expected
to rise 13% over the next
two decades. Global
consumption is expected
to increase by 44% over
the same time period.
