EXAMPLE: Criminology Throughout time, criminologists began to ask complex social questions about the nature of crime and criminals. Many of the queries centered around the behavior of criminals, rather than on the criminality of behavior. There has been interest generated which has focused more upon accounting for the factors and influences which lead to criminal law violations and the behavior of offenders rather than it has upon the lawmaking processes through which criminal prohibitions are produced. Contemporary views There is no single theoretical position on crime causation that can be identified as the liberal perspective. There are many ways in which contemporary criminological theories can be classified. Contemporary views regarding deviance represent distinctive studies from Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). French sociologist Emile Durkheim was responsible for two seminal themes on crime and deviance. According to Goode (2005), he was one of the first to insist on the “normality” of criminality. Durkheim maintained that the “normal” and “pathological” are not intrinsically different forms of behavior. Durkheim asserted that it is neither possible nor desirable for a society to repress criminality completely. His second and possibly most important contribution to the study of deviant behavior is in the theory of anomie, which was originally developed as an explanation of suicide (Vold, Bernard and Snipes, 2002). When traditional rules have lost their authority over behavior, a state of deregulation, normalness, or anomie may exist. Signs of violence  The criminal serves as an identifying sign of the limits of permissible behavior. If these violations of normative sentiments could be repressed, both men and women would become sensitive to the less marked deviations which are now overlooked, and these acts would then be regarded as crimes (Schmalleger, 2007). These increasingly intolerable demands for conformity, which would then possibly be imposed on individuals, not thought of as criminals, would be detrimental to social progress.                    References Goode, E. (2005). Deviant behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.  Schmalleger, F. (2007). Criminal justice today: An introductory text for the 21st century. (9th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Vold, G., Bernard, T., & Snipes, J.B. (2002). Theoretical criminology. New York: Oxford University Press. ...

1. EXAMPLE:
Criminology
Throughout time, criminologists began to ask complex social
questions about the nature of crime and criminals. Many of the
queries centered around the behavior of criminals, rather than
on the criminality of behavior. There has been interest
generated which has focused more upon accounting for the
factors and influences which lead to criminal law violations and
the behavior of offenders rather than it has upon the lawmaking
processes through which criminal prohibitions are produced.
Contemporary views
There is no single theoretical position on crime causation that
can be identified as the liberal perspective. There are many
ways in which contemporary criminological theories can be
classified. Contemporary views regarding deviance represent
distinctive studies from Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). French
sociologist Emile Durkheim was responsible for two seminal
themes on crime and deviance. According to Goode (2005), he
was one of the first to insist on the “normality” of criminality.
Durkheim maintained that the “normal” and “pathological” are
not intrinsically different forms of behavior. Durkheim asserted
that it is neither possible nor desirable for a society to repress
criminality completely. His second and possibly most important
contribution to the study of deviant behavior is in the theory of
anomie, which was originally developed as an explanation of
suicide (Vold, Bernard and Snipes, 2002). When traditional
rules have lost their authority over behavior, a state of
deregulation, normalness, or anomie may exist.
Signs of violence
The criminal serves as an identifying sign of the limits of
permissible behavior. If these violations of normative
sentiments could be repressed, both men and women would
become sensitive to the less marked deviations which are now
overlooked, and these acts would then be regarded as crimes

2. (Schmalleger, 2007). These increasingly intolerable demands
for conformity, which would then possibly be imposed on
individuals, not thought of as criminals, would be detrimental to
social progress.
References
Goode, E. (2005). Deviant behavior. Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Prentice Hall.
Schmalleger, F. (2007). Criminal justice today: An introductory
text for the 21st century. (9th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ:
Pearson Prentice Hall.
Vold, G., Bernard, T., & Snipes, J.B. (2002). Theoretical
criminology. New York: Oxford University Press.