High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is when the force of blood against artery walls is too high and can cause health issues over time. Many people with hypertension do not have symptoms, which is why it is sometimes called the "silent killer." Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, aneurysm, heart failure, kidney damage, eye problems, dementia and other issues. There are two main types - primary (essential) hypertension which develops gradually over many years and has no identifiable cause for most adults, and secondary hypertension which is caused by an underlying condition like sleep apnea, kidney disease, or hormonal issues. Risk factors include age, race, family history, being overweight, lack of exercise,

1. HYPERTENTION
High blood pressure is a common condition in which the long-term
force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it
may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease.
Symptoms:
A person with
hypertension may not
notice any symptoms,
and it is often called the
"silent killer." While
undetected, it can cause
damage to the
cardiovascular system
and internal organs,
such as the kidneys.
Causes
There are two types of high
blood pressure.
1. Primary (essential)
hypertension
For most adults, there's no
identifiable cause of high
blood pressure. This type
of high blood pressure,
called primary (essential)
hypertension, tends to
develop gradually over many
years.
2. Secondary hypertension
Some people have high
blood pressure caused by an
underlying condition. Various
conditions and medications
can lead to secondary
hypertension, including:
Obstructive sleep apnea
Kidney problems
Adrenal gland tumors
Thyroid problems
Risk factors:
High blood pressure has many
risk factors, including:
• Age.
• Race.
• Family history.
• Being overweight or obese.
• Not being physically active.
• Using tobacco.
• Too much salt (sodium) in
your diet.
• Too little potassium in your
diet.
• Drinking too much alcohol.
• Stress.
• Certain chronic conditions.
Complications:
Uncontrolled high blood
pressure can lead to
complications including:
• Heart attack or stroke.
• Aneurysm.
• Heart failure.
• Weakened and narrowed
blood vessels in your
kidneys.
• Thickened, narrowed or
torn blood vessels in the
eyes.
• Metabolic syndrome.
• Trouble with memory or
understanding.
• Dementia.
Prepared by:
Qari Sami Ullah AL-Madani
samihaseen8@yahoo.com
Supervisor:
Professor SM
Jawad