The document defines and provides examples of different elements of literature including fables, fiction, and figurative language. Fables are fictional stories that teach moral lessons using animal characters, such as "The Ants and the Grasshopper" and "The Golden Touch." Fiction involves imagined stories about nonexistent people and events, exemplified by the works "Narnia" and "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban." A flashback is a narrative technique where past events are inserted to provide context, like in the Book of Matthew when Joseph remembers his dreams.

1. ELEMENTS OF LITERATURE

2. FABLES
A fictional narrative
meant to teach a moral
lesson. The characters in
a fable are usually
animals whose words and
actions reflect human
behavior.

3. EXAMPLES OF FABLES
The Ants and the Grasshopper: In this fable, the ants saved
food for the winter and the grasshopper did not. The moral is
“It is best to prepare for the days of necessity.”

4. EXAMPLES OF FABLES
The Golden Touch (King Midas) - Midas loved gold so much, he
asked a fairy to grant his wish that everything he touched
turned to gold. He was happy until he touched his daughter and
she turned to gold. The moral is, “Be careful what you wish for.”

5. FICTION
Written stories about people
and events those are not real.
Literature that tells stories
which are imagined by the
writer. Something that is not
true.

6. EXAMPLES OF FICTION
• NARNIA
• Harry Potter and the
Prisoner of Azkaban

8. EXAMPLES OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

9. FLASHBACK
Flashbacks are interruptions
that writers do to insert
past events in order to
provide background or
context to the current
events of a narrative.

10. EXAMPLES OF A FLASHBACK
The Bible is a good source of flashback examples:
In the Book of Matthew , we see a flashback has been used
when Joseph, governor of Egypt, sees his brothers after
several years, Joseph “remembered his dreams” about his
brothers and how they sold him into slavery in the past.

11. Progymnasmata:
Preliminary rhetorical exercises that introduce students
to basic rhetorical concepts and strategies. In classical
rhetorical training, the progymnasmata were
"structured so that the student moved from strict
imitation to a more artistic melding of the often
disparate concerns of speaker, subject, and audience"
(Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition, 1996).