uploaded for downloading purposes

1. THE
INTERNET

2. BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET
1. In 1969, the first version of the internet was created
and set up as a network (called ARPANET) between four
“nodes”: UCLA, the Stanford Research Institute, UC
Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah (Mack). A
student programmer named Charley Kline sent the first
message over ARPANET on October 29, 1969. The
simple message “LO” was supposed to be “LOGIN”, but
the system crashed after the “O”.

3. BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET
2. What is ARPANET? ARPA stands for Advanced
Research Projects Agency. NET is short for network.
ARPA was part of the U.S. Department of Defense.
3. From these humble beginnings came new ways to
share information and communicate. In 1971, we had
the first email message and saw the creation and
international expansion of more networks, which
prompted a standard for the networks that was
released in 1983.

4. BRIEF HISTORY OF INTERNET
4. This eventually led to the establishment of the Web,
which was released by CERN (the European Council for
Nuclear Research) in 1993 and led by Tim Berners-Lee.

5. SOME FACTS ABOUT THE INTERNET
1.By 2012, the number of internet users worldwide
reached 2.4 billion—about one third of the world's
population.
2.To store all of the information on the internet, you
would need over 1 billion DVDs or 200 million Blu-ray
discs.
3.There were 76.01 million internet users in the
Philippines in January 2022.
4.As of 2022, the estimated number of internet users

6. DEFINING A NETWORK
•A (computer) network is an interconnection of two or
more computing devices.
•It can serve a variety of purposes including:
-File sharing between two computers
-Video chatting across different parts of the world
-Surfing the Web
-Instant messaging (IM) between computer with IM software
installed.
-E-mail
-A converged network is one that transports multiple forms of
traffic (video, voice, and data)

7. NETWORK COMPONENTS
•The physical elements, or hardware such as a laptop,
switch, router, wireless access point, the cabling used
to connect the devices, etc.
•The services, called software, that provide information
in response to a request like email hosting services
and web hosting services.

8. PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF THE
NETWORK
•End Devices or Hosts
These devices form the interface between users
and the underlying communication network. Examples
of end devices are Computers (work stations, laptops,
file servers, web servers), Network printers, VoIP
phones, Mobile handheld devices, and … etc.

9. PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF THE
NETWORK
•Intermediary Network Devices
Intermediary devices connect the individual hosts
to the network and can connect multiple individual
networks to form an internetwork. Examples of
intermediary devices are switches, wireless access
points, routers, firewalls, and … etc.

10. PHYSICAL COMPONENTS OF THE
NETWORK
•Network Media
The medium provides the channel over which the
message travels from source to destination. The three
types of media are Copper, Fiber Optic, and Wireless.

11. TERMINOLOGIES
•Browse: The process of moving through a Web site or
"surfing the Net," using a World Wide Web browser and
clicking on a variety of hyperlinks.
•Browser (or Web browser): A program used to view,
download, upload, surf, or otherwise access documents
(for example, Web pages) on the Internet.
•Domain name: The address or URL of a particular Web
site; it is the text name corresponding to the numeric IP
address of a computer on the Internet.

12. TERMINOLOGIES
•Home page (or home or homepage): The first page or
front page of a Web site. It serves as the starting point for
navigation.
•HTML (short for “Hypertext Markup Language”): The
authoring language used to create documents on the
World Wide Web. HTML is a mark-up language (versus a
programming language) that uses tags to structure text
into headings, paragraphs, lists, and links.
•Hyperlink: An element in an electronic document that
links to another place in the same document or to an

13. TERMINOLOGIES
• Link: Text or images on a Web page that a user can click on in
order to access or connect to another document.
• PDF (short for Portable Document Format): A file format
developed by Adobe Systems. PDF captures formatting
information from a variety of desktop publishing applications,
making it possible to send formatted documents and have them
appear on the recipient's monitor or printer as they were
intended.
• Plugin or plug-in: A software program that extends the
capabilities of your browser in a specific way, giving you, for
example, the ability to play audio samples or view movies on

14. TERMINOLOGIES
•URL (Uniform Resource Locator): the global address of
documents and other resources on the World Wide
Web. The first part of the address indicates what
protocol to use, and the second part specifies the IP
address or the domain name where the resource is
located.
•Web Site: A place on the Internet or World Wide Web.
It refers to a body of information as a whole, for a
particular domain name. A Web site is a place made

15. NETWORK COMPONENTS
•Client
The term client defines the device an end user
uses to access a network.
•Server
A server provides resources to a
network. (Email, Web pages, or files)

16. NETWORK COMPONENTS
•Hub
It is a device that contains multiple ports to
connect multiple computers or network devices to each
other. When a computer transmit data through a hub,
the hub will broadcast the data to all other computers
attached to it.

17. NETWORK COMPONENTS
•Router
It is a device whose primary purpose is to connect
two or more networks and determine the next network
point to which the data should be forwarded toward its
destination.

18. NETWORK COMPONENTS
•Media
It connects a device to another or a device to a
port.

19. NETWORK RESOURCES
Peer-to-Peer Model

20. NETWORK RESOURCES
Client/Server Model

21. NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
PERSONAL AREA NETWORK (PAN)
It is the smallest type of wired or wireless
connection and only covers a limited area/distance.
Examples:
Bluetooth speaker and a device
USB hard drive to a laptop
video camera to a laptop

22. NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
It connects components in a limited distance such
as connecting devices within 100 meters with CAT5
cabling. LAN is two or more connected computers
sharing certain resources in a relatively small
geographic location, often in the same building.
Examples:
Internal wired or wireless networks

23. NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
CAMPUS AREA NETWORK (CAN)
Connects building-centric LANs across a
university, industrial park, or business park.
Examples:
School campus
Military Base

24. NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)
Connects scattered locations across a city. Larger
than a CAN, but smaller than a WAN.
Examples:
Police department
Universities with scattered campuses in a city

25. NETWORK GEOGRAPHY
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)
Connects geographically disparate internal
networks and consists of leased lines or Virtual Private
Network (VPN).