This article aims at describing word formation rules, word formation shift on acronym, cliping, and blending, and productivity of word formation found in written language of bahasa Indonesia. The data were taken from selected newspapers and magazines published locally and nationally in Indonesia. The findings indicate that there are some shifts on word fomation rules of bahasa Indonesia especially in acronym, clipping, and blending. The most productive word formation includes initial word acronym, end-part word clipping and initial parts blending.

1. RUSDI NOOR ROSA
M. ZAIM
SHIFT IN WORD FORMATION
PROCESS OF INDONESIAN
WORDS

2. RATIONALE
To keep using the vocabulary of our
language:
 to borrow
 to adapt
 to create new words
The growth and
the development
of a language

3. THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND
Pedoman Umum Ejaan
bahasa Indonesia Yang
Disempurnakan (PU-EYD),
(Pusat Bahasa, 2004)
Pedoman Umum
Pembentukan Istilah
(PUPI), (Moeliono, 1988;
Alwi, 1998; Pusat Bahasa,
2007)
Pengindonesiaan Kata dan
Ungkapan Asing, (Sugono,
2009)
• the writing system
of Indonesian
abbreviations and
acronyms
• the use of roots,
affixation,
reduplication, and
compounding
• Indonesianization
of foreign words
through adaption
and adaptation

4. THE WORD FORMATION OF
INDONESIAN LANGUAGE
Borrowing Adoption
Adaptation
Translation
Coinage
Derivation Affixation
Reduplication
Abbreviation Acronym
Compounding

5. WORD FORMATION
SHIFT
Penjabat Pj
Word Formation?
Acronym?, or Clipping?, or Blending?
an indication of forming new words
beyond the system regulated

6. THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING
PROCESS (ACRONYM)
Borrowing Acronym
 taking out the initial letters of the words written in capital
letters
(1) Hape dengan radio FM, Facebook & Chatting termurah
(NOVA, May 10th – 16th 2010)
The acronym “hape” is written by using the spelling
sounds of the initial letters of the word “handphone”
(2) Sepeda motor jenis trail ini disempurnakan dengan
teknologi Yamaha Mixture Jet Fuel Injection (YMJet-FI).
(Posmetro Padang, June 24th 2013)
The combination of initial words and a root

7. THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING
PROCESS (ACRONYM)
(3) Asosiasi Televisi Swasta Indonesia (ATVSI) menggelar
Indonesia Broadcasting Expo (IBX) di Jakarta
(Republika, April 20th 2013)
“X” is not the initial letter of the word representing “Expo”
The letter “X” is written because it is considered
representing the sound “Ex”, whereas acronym is formed
based on spelling, not a sound.

8. THE SHIFT IN THE BORROWING
PROCESS (ADAPTATION)
(4) Pemda mempunyai peran yang stratejik dalam
pembangunan perumahan rakyat
(Republika, April 9th 2013)
“-ic” “-ik”: uncommon suffix adaptation in Indonesian
language
(5) Adapun asset pada 2011, yakni Rp. 5,3 triliun (Republika,
April 9th 2013)
gemination: uncommon Indonesian spelling system
Other Examples:
karier (NOVA, May 10th – 16th 2013)
fondasi (BOLA, April 04th – 05th 2013)

9. THE SHIFT IN THE
TRANSLATION PROCESS
Translation
 direct translation and adapted translation
(6) Bedanya terdapat fitur infra merah yang bisa digunakan
sebagai remote kontrol pada perangkat yang kompatibel.
(PULSA, April 24th – Mei 7th 2013).
The failure in representing the meaning of the word in its
language source
“kontrol” in Indonesian language:
watching, looking after, keeping an eye on something, or
caring for

10. THE SHIFT IN DERIVATION
PROCESS
Derivation
 Word formation involving derivational affixes
(7) Untuk menggaet pembeli, ia berencana untuk
memanfaatkan blog dan media sosial. “Saya akan
membuat blog dan sesering mungkin meng-upload foto
produk di facebook dan instagram,” ujar Intan
menjelaskan strategi pemasarannya (Tempo, February
11th 2013).
uncommon Indonesian writing system:
“-” between the prefix and the root/base

11. THE SHIFT IN ACRONYM
PROCESS
(8) “GAZA” standing for “Gabungan Anak Jalanan” (a group of
street children)
the absence the letter “Z” in the words constituting GAZA
(9) “PLTP” standing for “Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas
Bumi” (electricity generated through native heat energy)
The absence of the letter “B” that should have represented
the word “Bumi”

12. THE SHIFT IN BLENDING
PROCESS
Blending
 combining the first syllable of the first word and the last
syllable of the next word(s)
(10) “Pengprov” for “pengurus provinsi” (a province
administrator)
a combination of the first syllable of the first and the first
syllable of the next word(s)
(11) “Disdik” for “Dinas Pendidikan” (Ministry of Education)
a combination of the first syllable of the first word with
the syllable in the middle of the next word(s)

13. THE SHIFT IN BLENDING
PROCESS
(10) “Diknas” for “Pendidikan Nasional” (National Education)
a combination of the syllable in in the middle of the word
and the first syllable of the next word(s)
(11) “Timnas” for “Tim Nasional” (National Team)
a combination of the root or free morpheme with the
syllable of the next word(s)

14. THE SHIFT IN CLIPPING
PROCESS
Clipping
 clipping an initial part or a final part of the word as in
“prof” for “professor”
(12) “lidik” for “menyelidiki” (investigate)
clipping the initial and the final part of the word
(13) “pj” for ““penjabat” (takeholder)
clipping all of parts of the word syllables, permanently
keeping the first letter of the word only , and randomly
keeping the other letter

15. CONCLUSION
TBBBI, PU-EYD,
and PUPI
Shift in Word
Formation
in line with in contrast to
Standard
Word
Formation

16. THANK YOU
THANK YOU
THANK YOU