2 D plotter

1. GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC CURCHOREM
DEPARTMET OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CURCHOREM GOA
2020-2023
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
“2D CNC PLOTTER”
SUBMITTED BY
MR. ANKUR GUNAGI
MR. DIVAKAR KAKODKAR
MR. RUSHAB GAOERAK
MR. KENNEDY ESTIBEIRO
MR. ADARSH GAWADE
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK
(lecturer in mechanical department)

2. GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC CURCHOREM
DEPARTMET OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CURCHOREM GOA
2020-2023
“2D CNC PLOTTER”

3. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafede work of
Mr. Ankur gunagi (200602023)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)

4. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafiad work of
Mr. Divakar kakodkar (200602024)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)

5. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafiad work of
Mr. Rushab gaonkar (200602017)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)

6. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafiad work of
Mr. Kennedy estibero (200602022)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)

7. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this project entitled
“CNC 2D PLOTTER”
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirement for Diploma in mechanical
Engineering of Board of Technical Education-Goa, is the Bonafiad work of
Mr. Adarsh Santosh Gawade (200602020)
EXTERNAL EXAMINAR
SHRI. PRASAD S. NAIK SHRI. AJIT GAONKAR
(GUIDE) (PRINCIPAL)

8. INDEX
SR
NO
TOPIC PAGE
1 Acknowledgement 9
2 Abstract 10
3 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction to 2d plotter
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Flow chart for implementing 2d CNC
machine
11
4 Chapter 2: Material and methodology of project
2.1Sub-system of cnc plotter machine
13
5 Chapter 3: component
3.1 Component of 2d plotter
3.2 Software used
16
6 Chapter 4: Operation
4.1 working of 2d plotter
4.2 How to create g code in Inkscape
software
4.3 Specification in Inkscape software
26
7 Chapter 5: Overall view
5.1 Bill of material
5.2 Need of 2d plotter
5.3 Problem statement
5.4 Future scope
29
8 Conclusion 32

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude towards our guide Sir Shri.
Prasad S. Naik for his whole hearted guidance, ideas, inspiration to proceed and get
success in doing this project.
I have achieved satisfactory completion of the project because of continuously
increasing encouragement despite of all practical difficulties I faced during various
phases of the project.
I am grateful to our H.O.D and principal Mr. Ajit Gaonkar and also Mr. Gautam
Agastipurkar for their valuable guidance, co-operation and support through giving me
permission to use machines, tools and materials from the college workshop.
I would also like to show my sincere, honest and profound gratitude to the people who
have directly and indirectly contributed their valuable support and help given to
complete our project.

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ABSTRACT
This report provides an overview of 2D plotters, including their history, working
principles, and applications. A 2D plotter is a machine that can draw graphics, text, or
other visual representations on a two-dimensional surface, such as paper or canvas. The
report discusses various types of 2D plotters, including pen plotters, vinyl cutters, and
laser cutters. It also covers the different technologies used in 2D plotters, such as stepper
motors, servo motors, and galvanometer scanners. Additionally, the report examines the
various applications of 2D plotters, including architecture, engineering, art, and
education. Finally, the report concludes with a discussion of the future of 2D plotters
and their potential impact on various industries.

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION TO 2D PLOTTOR
The world has become a high technology with a lot of things becoming smaller and
thinner. The fast-growing development of technology and manufacturing, Industrial
requirement such as good and high precision quality has helped in developing the CNC
machine plotter all of those can be achieved through machines that can be controlled by
computers such as Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machine. To implement CNC
plotter machine, several concepts must be understood such as: understanding
fundamentals, Machine Mechanical design, CNC machine hardware, software
developing, test each one of three axis stepper motors and connecting CNC Machine
with the software tools and test it, Figure 1 bellow shows the steps that has been used
to implement this project. Two axes of CNC plotter machine can do movement starting
with two primary axes which are X, Y and Z axis. The Z axis is being paralleled with
the X-axis (Michael W. Mattson, 2010). Figure 1 shows the steps to implement this
paper must be understood fundamental of the plotter machine, Machine design by solid
work software, implementation Machine hardware and wiring connection,
Development software, test each one of three axes stepper motors, finally connect
machine with Easel software tools and test Machine.
1.2 Objectives:
The objectives of this project are to design the CNC Plotter Machine and to develop
open source software and hardware to control it.
Drawing and Visualization: One of the primary objectives of a 2D plotter is to create
accurate and precise drawings or visual representations of digital designs. This can be
for artistic purposes, technical illustrations, architectural blueprints, or any other
application that requires converting digital designs into physical form.
User-Friendly Operation: Ease of use and user-friendliness are important objectives for
2D plotters. The interface, control software, and operational features should be intuitive
and accessible, enabling users of different skill levels to operate the plotter efficiently.
Cost-Effectiveness: 2D plotters aim to offer a cost-effective solution for creating
physical representations of digital designs. The objective is to provide a balance
between affordability, performance, and quality, making the technology accessible to
individuals, small businesses, educational institutions, and other users.

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1.3 Flow chart for implementing 2d CNC machine
Understanding the
fundamentals
Machine design by solid
worke
Implimantation of cnc
machine hardware and
wire connection
Devloping software
Testing each one stepper
motor
Connecting CNC machine
with univesal g-code center
software and test machine

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Chapter 2
MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY OF PROJECT
This chapter shows how to build and do experimental the project, method of this project
is generally a guiding principle to handle the problem. The project implementation
method is discussed briefly focusing on basic components. The framework must be
clear to ensure that the project runs smoothly, and project objectives are capable of
success. Figure 2 shows three subsystems of this CNC plotter machine; Mechanical
system design, electronics system, and computer for software tools.
Sub-system of cnc plotter machine
2D CNC Plotter
machine
Mechanical
system
Design
Electronic system
and wiring
Computer and
software tools

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2.1
Sub-system of cnc plotter machine
Mechanical system design
In this section of project, the structure of CNC plotter machine has been designed and
modelling in solid work software with desired dimensions and all parts of CNC machine
will be achieved before implementation the hardware of actual CNC plotter machine.
Before starting the design, there are many steps of criteria must be explained. Length
of travel mean the linear movement of steppers motors that controls X, Y and Z axes.
The left-right motion is controlled by X axis stepper motor, front-back motion
controlled by Y axis stepper motor and the pen goes up and down by Z axis stepper
motor controller.
Finally, the length travel of CNC plotter machine that decided as 235 mm for X axis,
215 mm for Y axis and 1 mm up-down for Z axis. Figure 3 show CNC plotter machine
design and modelling by solid work.
2d plotter machine solid model

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Electronics system and wiring
This section will discuss the electronic parts and wiring which is needed for
designing and building our CNC plotter machine. So, the main electronic component
required are one Arduino UNO R3, one CNC V3 Shield with A4988 Driver Module
with Heatsink for Arduino, stepper motors, D.C. power supply, pen holder, some wires
and USB to serial adapter.
Computer and software tools
In this section we will discuss about requirement of different software to run the 2d
plotter machine. We are using three software there are Arduino IDE, inscape, universal
g-code sender.

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Chapter 3
Component of 2d plotter machine
 Arduino Uno R3
 CNC V3 Shield with A4988 stepper Driver Module
 Stepper Motor
 Timing belt
 Linear bearing
 Servo motor
 12v adaptor
 Threaded rod
 Stainless steel rod
 Pulley
Arduino Uno R3
Arduino Uno is microcontroller based on ATmega328P Atmel AVR family
microcontroller (MCU). It is an open source software and hardware design and
manufacture a single of microcontroller. It has 14 digital Input/output pins and 6
Analogue input can be sampled using on-chip ADC. By using open source can be
programming Arduino Uno. It also has 6 PWM outputs multiplexed on to the
digital IO pins. The dimensions of Arduino Uno measured are [68.6 mm x 53.4
mm]. Figure 4 below shows the Arduino Uno R3 circuit.
Arduino Software (IDE).

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CNC V3 Shield with A4988 stepper Driver Module and Heatsink for
Arduino
The Arduino CNC Shield makes it easy to get your CNC projects up and running in a
few hours. It uses opensource computer code on Arduino to control 4 stepper motors
using 4 pieces of A4988 Stepper Motor driver breakout board, with this CNC shield and
Arduino Uno, can be build project including CNC routers. The purpose of this CNC
shield to control on the three axes (X, Y and Z axes) of CNC plotter machine, meaning
control on the stepper motors.
CNC V3 Shield with A4988 Stepper driver and Heatsink.
Stepper Motor
The digital pulse stepper can be converted into the movement of the pen with
respect to the X, Y, Z axes directions. The stepper motor is a brushless motor that
distributes full rotation in several equal steps [2]. The stepper motor in Fig. 6 is defined
by the property of converting several drives to a specific increase in the position of the
column. Each pulse moves the column through a fixed angle. This machine has used
three stepper motors with a lead screw and two belts.
The output of the motor will be in the form of the rotation of the lead screw with respect
to the X, Y and Z axis.

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Steeper Motor.
Circuit and Wiring
The wiring of the various components of electronics system is represented in the Fig.,
shown below. The microcontroller of Arduino board is connected to the computer
system through the USB serial port. The Stepper Motors of three axes (X, Y and Z) are
connected with CNC shield driver board as Figures 7 and 8 shown below. D.C. Power
supply is provided for all the components of electronics system.

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Timing belt
In a 2D plotter, a timing belt is a common component used for precise movement and
positioning of the print head or cutting tool. The timing belt is a looped belt with evenly spaced
teeth on its inner surface. It runs between two pulleys, usually referred to as the driver pulley
and the driven pulley.
The driver pulley is connected to a motor or stepper motor, which provides the driving force to
move the belt. As the motor rotates, it causes the belt to move, and the teeth on the belt engage
with the teeth on the driven pulley, causing it to rotate as well. This rotational motion of the
driven pulley is then translated into linear motion to move the print head or cutting tool along
the X or Y axis.
The advantage of using a timing belt in a 2D plotter is that it provides accurate and
synchronized movement. The teeth on the belt ensure that the belt does not slip or lose its
position, allowing for precise positioning of the print head or cutting tool. This is particularly
important in applications such as drawing intricate designs or cutting precise shapes.
By controlling the motor or stepper motor that drives the timing belt, the plotter can accurately
move the print head or cutting tool to specific coordinates on the X and Y axes, enabling it to
create detailed and accurate drawings.
Overall, the timing belt in a 2D plotter plays a crucial role in providing precise and
synchronized movement, allowing for accurate positioning and control of the print head or
cutting tool during the plotting process.
Timing belt position

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Linear bearing
In a 2D plotter, a linear bearing is a component that supports and facilitates smooth linear
motion along the X and Y axes. It helps to guide and stabilize the movement of the print head
or cutting tool.
A linear bearing consists of an outer casing or housing and an inner carriage. The carriage is
typically mounted on the moving part of the plotter, such as the print head or cutting tool
assembly, while the housing is fixed to the frame of the plotter.
Inside the linear bearing, there are usually rows of ball bearings or rollers that allow for low-
friction movement along the linear axis. These bearings provide a smooth and controlled
motion by reducing friction and ensuring proper alignment between the carriage and the
housing.
When the print head or cutting tool assembly moves along the X or Y axis, the linear bearing
allows for precise and stable linear motion. It helps to prevent any wobbling or misalignment
that could affect the accuracy of the plotted design.
The choice of linear bearing depends on various factors, such as the load capacity, desired
precision, and speed of the plotter. Common types of linear bearings used in 2D plotters include
linear ball bearings, linear roller bearings, and linear bushings.
Overall, the linear bearing in a 2D plotter provides smooth and controlled linear motion,
ensuring accurate and precise movement of the print head or cutting tool along the X and Y
axes. It plays a vital role in maintaining stability and minimizing any unwanted vibrations or
deviations during the plotting process.
Linear bearing

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Servo motor
The servo motor in your 2D plotter is specifically used for controlling the movement of the
pen holder up and down along the Y-axis, here's a more specific explanation:
In this setup, the servo motor is typically attached to the pen holder mechanism, allowing it to
control the vertical position of the pen. The servo motor is mounted on the plotter frame or a
bracket specifically designed to hold it in place.
Servo motor
Power supply
A 12V adapter is an essential component in a 2D plotter, providing the necessary electrical
power to drive the system. By connecting the adapter to a power source, such as a wall outlet,
it converts the AC power into a 12V DC output. This DC power is then distributed to various
components within the plotter, including motors, control systems, and electronic components.
With proper wiring and connections, the 12V adapter ensures reliable and efficient power
delivery, enabling the plotter to operate smoothly. It's important to match the power output of
the adapter with the requirements of the plotter to ensure compatibility and safe operation.
12v adapter

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Threaded rod
The inclusion of threaded rods in a 2D plotter is crucial for bolstering its structural integrity
and stability. These rods serve various purposes to enhance the overall strength of the system.
Firstly, they are utilized in constructing the plotter's frame, providing stability and preventing
excessive movement or vibrations during operation. Additionally, threaded rods play a
significant role in supporting and guiding the motion of the plotter's axes, ensuring smooth and
precise movement
Stainless steel rod
Stainless steel rods are commonly used in 2D plotters to enable smooth motion of the carriage.
These rods offer corrosion resistance, ensuring durability even in challenging environments.
With their high strength and stiffness, they withstand forces and maintain stability during
movement. The polished surface reduces friction, allowing effortless and accurate carriage
motion. Furthermore, stainless steel rods maintain their shape and straightness over time,
ensuring reliable positioning. Overall, stainless steel rods contribute to precise and reliable
motion in 2D plotters.
Stainless steel rod

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Pulley
Pulleys are crucial components in 2D plotters for transmitting motion and controlling the
movement of belts or cables. They connect directly to the motor shafts and guide the path of
the belts or cables. As the motor rotates, the pulleys spin, causing the belts or cables to move.
This motion is then transferred to the print head or cutting tool, enabling precise movement
along the X and Y axes. Pulleys come in different sizes and configurations to adjust the
mechanical advantage and resolution of the system. They may also be used with tensioning
mechanisms to maintain proper belt or cable tension. Overall, pulleys play a vital role in
ensuring smooth and accurate motion in 2D plotters.
Pulley
3.2
Different software used for 2d plotter operation
 Arduino IDE
 Inscape
 Universal G-code sender
Arduino IDE
"The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it
to the board"(https://www.arduino.cc). It is simplified C/C++ functions language
based programming can be download functionality with a rich set of library functions.
After download and install on pc can be write the program by C language and from
tools and port must be choose the port connection between computer and Arduino
through USB. After this step can be verify the program by error checking and the
message is done compiling when it finished and no error. After this step can be upload
the program on the Arduino. Figure 9 shows Arduino software IDE.

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Inkscape software
The utilization of Inkscape software in 2D plotters offers valuable capabilities for
design creation and G-code generation. Inkscape, a popular open-source vector
graphics editor, provides a user-friendly interface and a comprehensive set of tools for
creating and editing vector-based designs. With the Gcodetools plugin, specifically
designed for Inkscape, users can convert their designs into G-code instructions, which
are commonly used to control CNC machines, including certain 2D plotters.
Inkscape's design creation features enable users to develop intricate designs
comprising shapes, lines, text, and imported images. The software also offers powerful
path editing tools, allowing for precise manipulation of shapes and curves, enabling
the creation of complex designs suitable for plotting.
With the Gcodetools plugin, Inkscape becomes an effective tool for generating G-code
files that contain instructions for the 2D plotter. Users can configure parameters such
as tool selection, cutting depth, and feed rates to customize the G-code generation
process. Exporting the design as a G-code file is straightforward, providing a seamless
transition from the design creation phase to the plotter control stage.

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Universal G code Sender
Universal G code Sender (UGS) is a software tool commonly used for controlling 2D plotters.
It allows users to connect to their plotter, load G-code files, and send instructions for precise
movements and operations. UGS provides essential features like connection management, real-
time monitoring, job scheduling, error handling, and recovery options. With its user-friendly
interface, UGS simplifies the process of controlling a 2D plotter and ensures accurate results.
By combining UGS with GRBL firmware, the following benefits can be realized:
1. Compatibility: GRBL firmware is well-suited for 2D plotters and provides seamless
compatibility with UGS. This allows users to leverage the advanced features of GRBL,
such as acceleration, motion planning, and homing, for precise and efficient plotting.
2. Real-time Feedback: GRBL communicates with UGS to provide real-time feedback on
the plotter's status, position, and progress. This enables users to monitor the plotting
process closely and make any necessary adjustments or interventions as needed.

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Chapter 4
The working of a 2D plotter involves several components and processes
working together to translate digital designs into physical drawings . Here is a
detailed explanation of the working of a 2D plotter:
1. Design Creation: The process begins with the creation of a digital design using software
tools like vector graphics editors (e.g., Inkscape) or Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software.
The design can include lines, curves, shapes, text, or other graphical elements.
2. G-Code Generation: Once the design is created, it needs to be converted into machine-
readable instructions called G-code. G-code is a programming language that specifies the
movements, speeds, and other parameters for the plotter. This step involves software tools or
plugins that generate G-code based on the design.
3. Software Configuration: The generated G-code is then loaded into a control software specific
to the 2D plotter. The control software allows the user to configure various parameters such as
plotting speed, resolution, tool selection, and material settings.
4. Material Preparation: The plotter requires a suitable material to work on, such as paper,
cardboard, or thin plastics. The material is prepared by fixing it securely onto a flat surface,
ensuring it remains stable during the plotting process.
5. Plotter Calibration: Before starting the plotting process, the plotter needs to be calibrated to
ensure precise movement along the X and Y axes. This involves setting the home position,
determining the plotting area boundaries, and adjusting any offset or skew in the movement.
6. Plotter Operation: Once the plotter is calibrated, the control software sends the G-code
instructions to the plotter. The plotter uses its motorized mechanisms and precision components
to execute the instructions.
7. X-Y Axis Movement: The plotter's X-Y mechanism, typically consisting of stepper motors,
timing belts, pulleys, and linear bearings, moves the plotting tool (such as a pen, cutting tool,
or engraving tool) along the X and Y axes. The precise control of these motors ensures accurate
positioning and smooth movements.
8. Tool Operation: Depending on the desired output, the plotter's tool is activated accordingly.
For drawing or writing, a pen is lowered onto the surface, leaving ink marks as it moves. For
cutting or engraving, a sharp cutting or engraving tool is used, which applies controlled
pressure to the material to create desired shapes or patterns.
9. Plotting Completion: The plotter continues to execute the G-code instructions, following the
specified path and tool operations until the entire design is plotted. Upon completion, the plotter
returns to the home position.
10. Finishing and Result: After the plotting process, the material is detached from the plotter's
surface and any excess material (e.g., cut outs or waste) is removed. The result is a physical
representation of the digital design, which can be a drawing, cut out, or engraved pattern.
Throughout the process, the control software and plotter mechanisms work together to ensure
precise movements, accurate positioning, and consistent output based on the original digital

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design. The workflow can be adjusted and customized based on the specific features and
capabilities of the 2D plotter system.
4.1 To generate G-code for a 2D plotter using Inkscape, you can follow these
steps:
1. Install Inkscape: If you don't already have Inkscape installed on your computer, download
and install the latest version from the official Inkscape website (https://inkscape.org/).
2. Import the image or create your design: Launch Inkscape and open a new document. You
can either import an existing image or create your design using Inkscape's drawing tools.
3. Set up the document: Go to "File" and select "Document Properties." In the "Document
Properties" window, set the document size to match the working area of your 2D plotter. Adjust
the width and height accordingly. Also, make sure the units (e.g., millimetres or inches) are set
correctly.
4. Design your artwork: Use Inkscape's drawing tools to create your artwork or modify the
imported image as needed. You can use various shapes, lines, and text tools to design your
plotter artwork. Ensure that your design is within the boundaries of your plotter's working area.
5. Convert your artwork to paths: Select all the elements of your artwork, including shapes,
lines, and text. Then, go to "Path" in the top menu and select "Object to Path." This will convert
all the selected elements into paths, which will be necessary for generating the G-code.
6. Export the artwork as SVG: Once your artwork is ready, go to "File" and select "Save As."
Choose the SVG file format and save your design to a location on your computer.
7. Install the G code tools extension: Inkscape's G code tools extension allows you to generate
G-code specifically for CNC and 2D plotters. To install the extension, go to "Extensions" in
the top menu, select "Manage Extensions," and search for "G code tools." Install the G code
tools extension from the list of available extensions.
8. Generate G-code: With your artwork open in Inkscape, go to "Extensions" in the top menu,
navigate to "G code tools," and select "Path to G code." In the G code tools window, you can
configure various parameters, such as feed rate, tool size, and spindle speed, based on your
plotter's requirements. Adjust these settings as needed and click "Apply" to generate the G-
code.
9. Save the G-code file: Once the G-code is generated, save it to a location on your computer.
Use a file name and location that is easily accessible when you need to load the G-code onto
your 2D plotter.
10. Load the G-code onto your plotter: Transfer the saved G-code file to your 2D plotter's
controller or interface. The method for transferring the file can vary depending on your plotter's
specifications. Consult your plotter's documentation for instructions on how to load and run G-
code files.

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That's it! You have successfully generated G-code for your 2D plotter using Inkscape.
Remember to review the G-code file and ensure it aligns with your intended design before
executing it on your plotter.
Specification to create g code in Inkscape software
Plotting area 280x180(mm)
Travel speed 10000mm/min
Drawing speed 10000mm/min
Servo up angle 80
Servo down angle 0

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Chapter 5
BILL OF MATERIAL
BILL OF MATERIAL
SR CATEGORY PART NAME SPECIFICATION QTY RATE
1 FRAME 3D PRINTED
PARTS
1 1,500
THRADED
ROD
500MM 2 280
2 MECHANICAL IDLER PULLY 5MM BORE 4 80
GT2 BELT 1METER 1 110
GT2 PULLEY 20 TEETH 5MM
BORE
2 160
3MM SHAFT
STAINLESS
STEEL
500MM
LENGHT
4 900
3 ELECTRONIC NEMA 17
STEEPER
MOTOR
4.3 KGCM
TOURQUE
2 900
ARDUINO
UNO
UNO R3 1 1200
SERVO
MOTOR MG90
1 160
CNC SHIELD
V3.0
1 300
DRV8825
DRVIVER
2 440
12V 2A
POWER
ADAPTER
1 480
TOTAL= 6510
OTHER EXPENSES= 2000
GRAND TOTAL= 8510

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5.1 NEED OF 2D PLOTTER
A 2D plotter serves as a valuable tool in various applications where precise and accurate
drawing, plotting, or cutting is required. Here are some common reasons for the need of a 2D
plotter:
1. Drawing and Artistic Purposes: 2D plotters are often utilized by artists, designers, and
architects to create intricate drawings, sketches, or designs with high precision. The
ability to translate digital designs into physical representations allows for detailed and
visually appealing artwork.
2. Technical Drawing and Drafting: In fields such as engineering, architecture, and
manufacturing, 2D plotters are indispensable for producing accurate technical
drawings, blueprints, and schematics. They offer the advantage of reproducing complex
designs with consistent scale and proportion.
3. Educational and Learning Tools: 2D plotters are commonly used in educational settings
to teach concepts related to geometry, mathematics, and design. They provide hands-
on experiences and enable students to understand the practical applications of
theoretical concepts.
5.2 The problem statement for a 2D plotter can be follows:
Design and develop a 2D plotter system capable of accurately translating digital designs
into physical drawings or cut outs. The plotter should provide precise and consistent
movements along both the X and Y axes, allowing for the creation of detailed and
intricate designs. The system should be user-friendly, providing intuitive controls for
design input, plotting parameters, and plotter operation. It should be capable of working
with various materials, such as paper, cardboard, or thin plastics, and accommodate
different drawing tools or cutting implements. The plotter should be versatile,
accommodating designs of varying sizes and complexities, and offer options for
adjusting speed, resolution, and other performance parameters. Additionally, the plotter
should integrate with appropriate software tools, such as Inkscape or other vector
graphics editors, for design creation and G-code generation. The aim is to create a
reliable and efficient 2D plotter system that meets the needs of artists, designers,
engineers, and other users who require precise and accurate plotting capabilities for
their projects.

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5.3 The future scope of 2D plotters includes advancements in engraving and
other tool capabilities. Some potential developments in this area are:
1. Laser Engraving: Future 2D plotters may integrate laser modules for high-precision
engraving on various materials like wood, acrylic, or metal. This would enable users to
create intricate designs, text, or patterns with finer details and improved speed.
2. CNC Milling: Upcoming 2D plotters could incorporate CNC milling capabilities,
allowing users to perform precision cutting, drilling, and milling operations on
materials like wood, foam, or plastics. This would expand the range of applications,
particularly in prototyping or model making.
3. Pen Variability: To enhance versatility, future 2D plotters might incorporate pens with
adjustable tip sizes or different writing or drawing characteristics. This would enable
users to create designs with varying line thicknesses, textures, or effects, adding artistic
flexibility.

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CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our 2D plotter project showcased the successful integration of Inkscape,
Universal G code Sender, and our hardware to create a precise drawing tool. Through the
project, we gained valuable technical insights into converting designs into machine-readable
G-code instructions and executing them accurately. Our attention to detail and understanding
of plotter limitations ensured optimal results. This project highlighted the importance of
configuration, stable connections, and refining designs for improved accuracy. Overall, we
successfully demonstrated the practical implementation of digital design and manufacturing
processes in a real-world application.