Nationalism, Perennialism and Nationalism

1. Presentation and
Discussion of The Other
School of Thoughts
(Naturalism,Nationalism and Perennialism)

2. NATURALISM

3. Naturalism is a philosophical
doctrine. It is opposed to
idealism in its interpretation of
reality. Naturalism is
concerned with “natural self”
or “real self”. It contends that
the ultimate reality is matter,
and not mind or spirit.

4. Aims of Naturalism
*Preservation of natural
goodness and virtue of the
natural goodness and
virtue.
* Self Expression
* To secure adjustment.
* To struggle successfully.
* To develop individuality.
* To achieve social progress.

5. Content of Naturalism
Curriculum consisted of
activities and interests
manifested by the child in
the process of growing
up. Education was to be
natural unfolding of the
child’s potential to meet
his natural needs.

6. Methods of teaching
* direct experiences
* learning by doing
* direct method
play method
*freedom in education
* education according to
nature of the child.

7. PERENNIALISM

8. PERENNIALISM suggests that the
focus of education should be the
ideas that have lasted over
centuries. They believe the ideas
are as relevant and meaningful
today as when they were written.
They recommend that students
learn from reading and analyzing
the works by history's finest
thinkers and writers.

9. AIM OF PERENNIALISM
• The central aim of education
should be to develop the
power of thought.
• They view the universal aim
of education as a search for
and dissemination of truth.
• They look up to the school
as an institution designed to
develop human intelligence.

10. WHY SHOULD
PERENNIALISM
BE APPLIED IN
TEACHING?

11. The focus of Perennialism
as a Philosophy of
Education is for personal
development of the
students or learners
through inculcating in
them the principles that
have been passed from
generation to generation.

12. NATIONALISM

13. Nationalism became the
dominant note in
education and countries
began to establish their
own educational system
to help achieved their
national goals. .
Nationalism recognized
that an efficient national
system of education
would promote national
goals.

14. AIMS OF NATIONALISM
* The Philippine educational system
particularly the public schools aimed
to develop a responsible citizenship
and national feeling.
* The ordinary citizen had to be made
more intelligent, more loyal and more
contended on the spiritual side.
* The educated citizen had to be
conscious of his country’s traditions
and be willing to devote himself to his
country’s needs.

15. CONTENT OF NATIONALISM
• The Department of education
stressed the teaching of English
• Physical education and health
training were considered essential.
• Vocational training was given
emphasis.
• * Emphasis on the teaching of
geography and history.
• Emphasized music as an essential
part of the curricula.

16. • Curricula and organizations
were usually legislated in the
national school system.
• The method were left to
supervisors and teachers who
had been trained and re-
trained.
• State training institution
introduced the actual use of
Pestalozzian and Herbartian
methods.
Methods of teaching.

17. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR LISTENING
PREPARED BY : RONALD C. LUCASIA