Senior High School, Humanities and Social Sciences, Philippine Politics and Governance. Quarter 2, Week 4 (Suffrage) Election in the Philippines.

1. PHILIPPINE POLITICS
AND GOVERNANCE
WEEK 4

2. SUFFRAGE
It is the right to vote in elections
It is the expression of the sovereign
will of the people.

4. THEORIES IN
SUFFRAGE
The Natural Right Theory – this theory claims that
the right to vote is a natural and inherited right to
every citizen. The state was created by the people
deliberately and hence, all the people have a natural
right to take part in the affairs of the government.
The Legal Theory – this theory states that suffrage
not a natural right, but a political right granted by
the law of the state. Voting is a public function.
The Tribal Theory – in early Greek and Roman
suffrage was extended only to the citizen class. Only
people who were accorded citizenship status could
vote. Nowadays, citizenship s essential for voting.

5. THEORIES IN
SUFFRAGE
4. The Ethical Theory – it considers the
to vote as a means of self-expression of the
individual in the political affairs. Suffrage
provides for the development of the human
personality.
5. The Feudal Theory – this claims that the
right to vote depends on a particular social
status. The simplest form of social status
was ownership of land. Even now in some
states, the emphasis is on a property
qualification. This is a legacy of the old
theory.

24. PLEASE ANSWER OUR LONG QUIZ
THROUGH GOOGLE FORM.

25. Types of political parties
1. Left parties (far-left)
goal is the eventual destruction of existing class
hierarchies in society, by violence if necessary; call for
comprehensive government intervention in the economy to
redistribute wealth and guarantee welfare security to the
most vulnerable.

26. Types of political parties
2. Center left parties
differ from left by their equitable distribution of wealth
is still a societal goal that should be realized by proper state
intervention (with concurrence from the people)

27. Types of political parties
3. Center parties
believe in the value of self initiative and a minimal state
role on economy

28. Types of political parties
4 Center-right parties
believe that the task of the government is to provide
peace and order and to ensure the proper enforcement of
laws and legal contracts

29. Types of political parties
5 Right parties (far-right):
parties of ultra conservatism and exclusionism; believe
in “natural” differences among humans and that there are
some persons, races, religions, classes that are more fit to
rule than others

30. TYPES OF VOTE
1.One man, one voter
Under this provision, everyone is entitled to one and
only one vote. The voter can cast his vote for any candidate.

31. TYPES OF VOTE
2. Single transferable vote
In this system, which is designed for the multimember
constituency, the voter possesses only one vote. But he can
make his priority like 1, 2, 3, etc. according to his
requirement.

32. TYPES OF VOTE
3. Plural voting
According to this system, several qualifications are
prescribed for the right to vote such as payment of property tax
and education. A person who owns property, taxpayer or
educated is eligible for a vote because he possesses all of these
qualifications. At the same time, this person is entitled to three
votes. A voter is entitled to one vote for every qualification he
possesses. In Belgium, this method was used during early times..

33. TYPES OF VOTE
4. Open ballot
Under this system, the voters raise their hands to
support a candidate.

34. TYPES OF VOTE
5. Secret ballot
In this system, the voter casts his vote for a candidate,
without the knowledge of another person.

35. Quality of Elections in the
Philippines:
◦ Anomalies in Philippine elections
1. Lack of human manpower in the COMELEC
2. Influence of “gold, guns, and goons”
3. Flying voters
4. Vote buying
5. Tampering with the election returns
6. “Dagdag-bawas”

36. Prevention of electoral frauds
◦ Vigilance of the citizens
◦ Relevant government bodies
◦ Reforms such as computerization and continuous
registration
◦ Political education
◦ Poll observers (local and international during elections)