1. COST ANALYSIS MODELING
FOR PEAK SHAVING OF
ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
R. SCOTT, L. MORRIS, DR. M.H.
WEATHERSPOON

2. PROBLEM
• THE DEMAND FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY
IS RISING, HOWEVER, THIS DEMAND
FOR ENERGY VARIES THROUGHOUT
THE DAY.
• A SYSTEM NEEDS TO BE IMPLEMENTED
IN WHICH IT ENCAPSULATES THIS
RENEWABLE ENERGY DURING NON-
PEAK HOURS OF THE DAY, WHILE
FOCUSING IT TO THE MOST EFFECTIVE
LOCATION DURING PEAK HOURS.
http://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2014/08/us-energy-sources-and-uses-show-
limits-of-renewable-energy-strategies.html

3. BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW
• BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEMS ARE ALREADY BEING IMPLEMENTED IN AREAS TRANSITIONING TO
THE PRIMARY USAGE OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES. HOWEVER, AS THESE SYSTEMS
DEGRADE, NEW SOLUTIONS ARE BEING PROPOSED.
• SOLUTION 1: WIND/PV/FUEL CELL SYSTEM
• SOLUTION 2: OPTIMIZED ENERGY DISPATCH SCHEDULE IS IMPLEMENTED
• SOLUTION 3: GO RESIDENTIAL—ADD BESS TO RESIDENTIAL AREAS AND ANALYZE COST OF
ADDING IT TO RESIDENTIAL AREA
• SOLUTION 4: REGULATE VOLTAGE WHEN BESS IS EXPOSED TO HIGH PV LEVELS
• SOLUTION 5: OPTIMAL SIZING AND OPERATION STRATEGY FOR BESS FOR PEAK SHAVING
APPLICATION

4. INTRO TO LITHIUM MANGANESE OXIDE
BATTERY
- +
e-
e-
e-
Negative
Electrode
LixC6
Positive
Electrode
LiMn2O4
Li+
X-
Electrolyte
LiPF6
Alumin
um
Domain
s
Copper
Discharging
Process
- +
e-
e-
e-
Negative
Electrode
LixC6
Positive
Electrode
LiMn2O4
Li+
X-
Electrolyte
LiPF6
Alumin
um
Domain
s
Copper
Charging
Process5 Domains
- Negative Current Collector
- Anode
- Separator
- Cathode
- Positive Current Collector

5. COMSOL GENERATED GRAPHS FOR
DISCHARGE OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERY

6. FUTURE WORK
• DEVELOP A COMSOL MODEL FOR THE LTO-
LMO BATTERY
• DEVELOP PEAK SHAVING MODEL
• DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN NEWLY DEVELOPED
PEAK SHAVING MODEL AND COMMERCIALLY
AVAILABLE MODELS

7. IMPACT
• REDUCE THE LOAD DEMAND
NEEDED TO SUPPORT THE GEH
• REDUCTION IN COST OF THE
ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
http://www.encycle.com/sa
vings/
http://www.ethanelkind.com/tag/energy-storage/

8. PEAK SHAVING ALGORITHM
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71
Power(kW)
Time (hr) - July 29 - 31, 2015
GEH Projected Load Profile Load Consumption
(kW)
Peak Shaving

9. REFERENCES
NELSON, D., NEHRIR, M., & WANG, C. (2005). “UNIT SIZE AND COST ANALYSIS OF STAND-ALONE HYBRID WIND/PV/FUEL CELL POWER GENERATION
SYSTEMS.” SCIENCE DIRECT: RENEWABLE ENERGY, 31(10), 1641–1656.
AICHHORN, A., GREENLEAF, M., LI, H., & ZHENG, J. “A COST EFFECTIVE BATTERY SIZING STRATEGY BASED ON A DETAILED BATTERY LIFETIME MODEL
AND AN ECONOMIC ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.” 2012 POWER AND ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING. SAN DIEGO, CA, 2012. 1-8.
YANG, Y., LI, H., AICHHORN, A., ZHENG, J., & GREENLEAF, M. (2014). “SIZING STRATEGY OF DISTRIBUTED BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEM WITH HIGH
PENETRATION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC FOR VOLTAGE REGULATION AND PEAK LOAD SHAVING.” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, 5(2), 982-991.
NOTTROTT, A., KLEISSL, J., & WASHOM, B. (2013). “ENERGY DISPATCH SCHEDULE OPTIMIZATION AND COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS FOR GRID-CONNECTED,
PHOTOVOLTAIC-BATTERY STORAGE SYSTEMS.” SCIENCE DIRECT: RENEWABLE ENERGY, 55, 230-240.
OUDALOV, A., CHERKAOUI, R., & BEGUIN, A. “SIZING AND OPTIMAL OPERATION OF BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM FOR PEAK SHAVING
APPLICATION.” 2007 IEEE POWER TECH MEETING. LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND, 2007. 621-625.

10. QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, CONCERNS