Mis 004-pgdm-1 (full & final)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 1
Dr. S.A. Pillai,Dr. S.A. Pillai, MIIRSM (UK)
Consultant ,BHEL.
&Secretary,
National Safety Council,
M.P. Chapter

08/06/15
IIMSHE 2
MIS-004 PGDM 1st
semester
SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION
WELCOME
TO
IIMSHE

08/06/15
IIMSHE 3
VISION
TO PROVIDE A SAFE
WORKPLACE, FREE
FROM ALL RECOGNIZED
HAZARDS...
MIS-004 PGDM 1st semester

08/06/15
IIMSHE 4
“ Pray as if everything depended on
God, & work as if everything
Depended upon man”
- Cardinal Francis J. Spellman
Quotation

08/06/15
IIMSHE 5
“Success follows doing what you want to do.
There is no other way to be successful”
-Malcolm Forbes
Quotation

08/06/15
IIMSHE 7
 PREVENT WORKPLACE ACCIDENTS!
 PREVENT PERSONAL INJURIES
BETWEEN MOVING EQUIPMENT AND
THOSE WORKERS WHO ARE ON
FOOT.
 YOU MUST SEE AND BE SEEN!!!
Goal and Objective

08/06/15
IIMSHE 8
 The Operation of Heavy Equipment in
the Presence of Personnel On the
Ground

08/06/15
IIMSHE 9
 BEING STRUCK BY, OR CAUGHT IN-
BETWEEN, TWO OF THE LEADING
CAUSE OF INJURIES AND FATALITIES
ON CONSTRUCTION SITES!
 STRUCK BY (22%)
 CAUGHT IN-BETWEEN (18%)
 Unsafe Act
 Unsafe Condition
Today’s Situation

08/06/15
IIMSHE 10
 Many Mobile Construction Equipment are
available for use.
 Contractors doing a wide variety of work.
 Operate within a close proximity to persons
on foot. Present similar types of known
hazards.
 This training session is devoted to identify,
and better educate those who must work
around or operate these types of
equipment,
 All possess the capability to cause serous
injury or death.
SITE SENARIO

08/06/15
IIMSHE 11
 Management Commitment
 Employee Involvement
 Pre-construction Work-Site Analysis
 Hazard Prevention and Controls
 Equipment Maintenance
 Employee Awareness Training
 Periodically Review Procedures
Available Solutions

08/06/15
IIMSHE 12
 Identify hazards
 Communication
 Engineering revision
 Process change
 Education and training
 P.P.E
 Enforcement
C.E.O. Responsibilities
(Chief Executive Officer)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 13
 PROBLEM:
 YOU HAVE A CONGESTED
CONSTRUCTION SITE WITH
PERSONNEL ON FOOT, AND MOBILE
MACHINES WORKING IN THE SAME
AREA, AT THE SAME TIME!
CONCERNS FOR SAFETY

08/06/15
IIMSHE 14
 CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.
 SECOND LARGEST EMPLOYER.
 TURNOVER OF 4000BILLION.
 WORKERS ARE MOST VULNERABLE
 SEGMANTS OF UN ORGANISED
SECTOR.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 15
 HIGH RATE OF FATEL ACCIDENT
 4 TO 5 TIMES OF MANUFACTURING
SECTOR
 10 MILLION CONSTRUCTION
WORKERS
 CONSTRUCTION WORKERS

08/06/15
IIMSHE 16
 RELATIONSHIP TO EMPLOYER.
 UNCERTAN OF WORKING HOURS
 LACK OF BASIC AMENTIES.
 INADEQUACE OF WELFARE
FACILITIES.
 INHERANT RISK TO LIFE

08/06/15
IIMSHE 17
APPLICABLE CONSTRUCTION ACT.
 PROVISION OF LABOUR LAWS.
 MINIMUM WAGES ACT 1948
 CONTRACT LABOUR ACT 1970.
 INTER STATE MIGRANT WORKMEN
ACT1979

08/06/15
IIMSHE 18
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.
 CENTRAL LEGISLATION.
 1.THE BUILDING &OTHER
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS ACT-1996
 2.THE BUILDING &OTHER
CONSTRUCTION WORKERS WELFARE
CESS ACT-1996

08/06/15
IIMSHE 19
 DIVEDED IN TO THREE SEGMENTS
 1.GENERAL CONSRUCTION
 2.HEAVY CIVIL ENGINEARING
 3.SPECILISED CONSRTUCTION

08/06/15
IIMSHE 20
 THE LAW & REGULATION OBJECT TO
 REGULATION OF EMPLOYMENT&
 CODITION OF SERVICE OF WORKERS
 WORKERS SAFETY ,HEALTH AND
 WELFARE MEASURES
Contd:-

08/06/15
IIMSHE 21
 Factories act 1948 & Mines Act1952
 CONSTRUCTION ACT 1966 PROVIDE
 A.PROVISION OF ADV.COMMITTEE
(CENTRAL & STATE LEVEL)
B.REGISTRATION OF FIRM
C.REGISTRATION OF WORKERS

08/06/15
IIMSHE 22
 D.CONSTITUTION OF WORKERS
WELFARE BOARD
 E.RELIEF TO ACCIDENT,OLDAGE
PENSION,GROUP
INSURANCE,MEDICAL ASSISTANCE.
ETC
 F.HEALTH & SAFETY MEASURES
 G.SAFETY COMMITTEE
 H.PENALITIES & FINE

08/06/15
IIMSHE 23
 NATIONAL BUILDING CODE-
NBC2005.
 MODEL CODE FOR
 LOCAL BODIES
 GOVT.DEPT
 PVT.CONST.AGENCEY

08/06/15
IIMSHE 24
 Restrict entry onto site of non-essential
personnel.
 Establish Controlled Entry Points to site.
 Coordinate Operations of Various Trades
Working in the Same Areas.
 Provide Fundamental Site Rules and
Training to all Persons at Risk.
 Adequate Lay-Down Areas Established.
Management Commitment

08/06/15
IIMSHE 25
 Identify Potential Known Hazards.
 Job Conditions: Haul Roads, Access Points.
 Lay down/Storage Areas.
 Office, Tool, Storage and Change Trailers.
 Methods of Construction, (increases Risk?)
 Also Consider: Unwanted side effects of the
Job Schedule.
Pre-Construction Work- Site Analysis

08/06/15
IIMSHE 26
 Types of hazards:
 1. Electrical hazards
 2. Hazards associated to vehicles
and equipment
 3. Hazards in excavation
 4. Hazards due to failure of
centering, shuttering and shoring

08/06/15
IIMSHE 27
HAZARDS IN CONSTRUCTION

08/06/15
IIMSHE 28
 HAZARDS IN CONSTRUCTION
 Overhead service
 Underground service
 Work Place
 Falling loads
 Equipment failure

08/06/15
IIMSHE 29
 Hazards in blasting
 Welding hazards
 Dust hazards
 Noise hazards
Miscellaneous

08/06/15
IIMSHE 30
Hazards associated with vehicles and
equipment:
Large number of vehicles moving inside
construction sites
Equipment like cranes are moving there is
always possibility of collision of vehicles
and equipment
There should be warning signs on the
roads.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 31
Types of accidents:
1. Fall from heights
2. Fall on the same level
3. Fall of objects
4. Stepping on objects
5. Striking against objects
6. Struck by moving objects

08/06/15
IIMSHE 32
Hazards associated with vehicles and
equipment (contd..):
Displaying the various safety instructions and
the railway crossings.
The drivers should possess heavy duty
licenses. The vehicle should be periodically
tested and Maintained

08/06/15
IIMSHE 33
EQUIPMENT & SAFETY AT CONSTRUCTION

08/06/15
IIMSHE 34
 Front-end loaders; Rubber-tired and
tracked
 Crawler tractors/bulldozers, skid steer
bobcats
 Wheel tractor-scrapers, elevating scrapers,
tandem powered scrapers
 Rubber-tired backhoes and tracked
hydraulic excavators
 On and off-road haulage vehicles

08/06/15
IIMSHE 35
 Asphalt Pavers and associated support
equipment - pavement rollers
 Vibratory rollers and compactors
 Motor graders, grade tractors, industrial
tractors
 Concrete mixers and pump trucks
 Special use construction equipment:
grinding,
 Pulverizing, milling, water trucks, etc

08/06/15
IIMSHE 36
 No work under loads
 Operators remain in cab
 Malfunctions
Exposure to Falling Loads

08/06/15
IIMSHE 37
 Warning system
 Barricades
 Hand signals
 Mechanical signals
 Stop logs
 Grade away from excavation
Mobile Equipment

08/06/15
IIMSHE 38
Materials and Equipment
 Equipment used for
protective systems must
not have damage or
defects that impair
function.
 If equipment is damaged,
the competent person
must examine it to see if
it is suitable for
continued use.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 39
Materials and
Equipment
• If not suitable,
remove it from
service until a
professional
engineer approves it
for use.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 40
 SPECIFIC:
 The Most Dangerous Movement is Backing!
 Know Where your Blind Spots Are.
 Look For People on Foot Around You.
 STOP! When Signaled; When Waived at
Violently; Or If You Are In Doubt….
 Maintain a Safe Operating Speed.
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITIES

08/06/15
IIMSHE 41
 Keep Machine Under Control at all
Times.
 Take Machine “Out of Service”, if it is
Unsafe to Operate.
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITIES (contd…)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 42
 Make Sure You Are Familiar with the
Operating Characteristics of your
Machine.
 Be On The Look-Out For Other Trades
Working in the Same Area.
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR

08/06/15
IIMSHE 43
 Be Aware of Other Machines
Operating In the Area. Frequently
check for the Location of other
Machines. Keep Lights and Backup
Alarm in Operating Condition.
 Allow NO ONE to Ride Outside the
Cab for Any Reason!
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR

08/06/15
IIMSHE 44
 Clean windows and Adjust mirrors.
 Always inform Appropriate Personnel
of any Abnormal Conditions, Defects,
or Changes made in Machine and/or
Job Procedure or Conditions
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILIES (contd…)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 45
 Report Unsafe Workers to Supervision.
 Talk-up Safety with Those Who Work
with You. Maintain “Constant
Awareness”.
 Do Not Attempt Repairs or Maintenance
that You Do Not Understand.
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILIES (contd…)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 46
 Always Check the Mirror on the Blind
Side, making Sure of Your Clearance.
(Backing on the Blind Side should be
Avoided if at all Possible).
 Learn and Follow Safe Work
Practices!
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR

08/06/15
IIMSHE 47
• Install barricades
• Use hand / mechanical signals
• Grade soil away from excavation
• Fence or barricade trenches left
overnight
• Use a flagger when signs, signals and
barricades are not enough protection
Protection from Falls, Falling Loads, and
Mobile Equipment

08/06/15
IIMSHE 48
EXCAVATION

08/06/15
IIMSHE 49
 Excavation – a man-made cut, cavity, trench, or
depression formed by earth removal.
 Trench – a narrow excavation. The depth is greater
than the width, but not wider than 15 feet.
 Shield - a structure able to withstand a cave-in and
protect employees
 Shoring - a structure that supports the sides of an
excavation and protects against cave-ins
 Sloping - a technique that employs a specific angle
of incline on the sides of the excavation. The angle
varies based on assessment of impacting site
factors.
Definitions

08/06/15
IIMSHE 50
Competent Person
Must have had specific training in and
be knowledgeable about:
• Soils classification
• The use of protective systems
• The requirements of the
standard
Must be capable of identifying hazards,
and authorized to immediately
eliminate hazards

08/06/15
IIMSHE 51
 All work on, or in, excavations must be
supervised by a competent person
 Drawings of all services must be
obtained and a check instituted to
ensure that where necessary all services
have been exposed and marked.
 Where electricity/gas high pressure
petroleum services are concerned, they
must be exposed by hand.
Excavations

08/06/15
IIMSHE 52
Excavations

08/06/15
IIMSHE 53
 Plan a safe method of operation to
ensure safety of timbermen and
workforce.
 Trench frames, or other suitable
methods, must be used to ensure the
safety of timbermen where trenches are
in excess of 4ft. Deep.
 All excavation in excess of 4ft. Must be
either be – properly supported –
benched – battered.
Excavation (contd…)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 54
Daily Inspections of ALL excavations by
Competent Person
 Start of shift, as needed, following
rainstorms or other hazard-increasing
event
 Possible cave-ins
 Protective system failure
 Water accumulation
 Hazardous atmospheres
Excavation Inspections

08/06/15
IIMSHE 55
 Type A - 3/4:1
 Type B - 1:1
 Type C - 1½ :1
Simple Sloping

08/06/15
IIMSHE 56
Type A
Type B
(cohesive soil)
Type C NA
Benching

08/06/15
IIMSHE 57
Employees should be protected from
cave-ins by using an adequately
designed
protective system
Protective systems must be able to
resist all expected loads to the system
Protection of Employees

08/06/15
IIMSHE 58
A well-designed protective system
 Correct design of sloping and benching
systems
 Correct design of support systems, shield
systems, and other protective systems
Requirements for
Protective Systems

08/06/15
IIMSHE 59
Plus
Appropriate handling of materials and
equipment
Plus
Attention to correct installation and removal
Equals Protection of employees at
excavations
Requirements for
Protective Systems (contd…)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 60
The employer shall select and construct :
 slopes and configurations of sloping
and benching systems
 support systems, shield systems, and
other protective systems
Design of Protective Systems

08/06/15
IIMSHE 61
Shield - can be permanent or portable.
Also known as trench box or trench shield.
Shoring - such as metal hydraulic,
mechanical or timber shoring system that
supports the sides
Sloping - form sides of an excavation that
are inclined away from the excavation
Design of Protective Systems (contd…)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 62
Cave-ins are the greatest risk
Other hazards include:
 Asphyxiation due to lack of oxygen
 Inhalation of toxic materials
 Fire
 Moving machinery near the edge of the
excavation can cause a collapse
 Accidental severing of underground
utility lines
Excavation Hazards

08/06/15
IIMSHE 63
This excavation
has inadequate
support posts and
egress access
Inadequate protective system
Cave-in Hazard

08/06/15
IIMSHE 64
This worker is in a
trench with no
protective system,
that is not sloped or
benched and has no
means of egress
Inadequate Protective System

08/06/15
IIMSHE 65
 Excavating is one of the
most hazardous
construction operations
 Most accidents occur in
trenches 5-15 feet deep
 There is usually no
warning before a
cave-in
Injury and Death

08/06/15
IIMSHE 66
 Soil classification
 Depth of cut
 Water content of soil
 Changes due to
weather and climate
 Other operations in
the vicinity
Factors Involved in Designing a Protective
System

08/06/15
IIMSHE 67
 General
 Provides a framework to work in
 Uses wales, cross braces and uprights
 Supports excavation walls
 OSHA tables provide shoring data
 Must know soil type
 Must know depth and width of excavation
 Must be familiar with the OSHA Tables
Shoring

08/06/15
IIMSHE 68
A competent person must
make daily inspections of
excavations, areas around
them and protective
systems:
• Before work starts and as
needed,
• After rainstorms, high winds
or other occurrence which
may increase hazards, and
• When you can reasonably
anticipate an employee will
be exposed to hazards.
Inspections of Excavations

08/06/15
IIMSHE 69
If the competent person finds
evidence of a possible cave-in,
indications of failure of
protective systems, hazardous
atmospheres, or other
hazardous conditions:
• Exposed employees must
be removed from the
hazardous area
• Employees may not return
until the necessary
precautions have been
taken
Inspections of Excavations

08/06/15
IIMSHE 70
 Slope or bench the
sides of the
excavation,
 Support the sides of
the excavation, or
 Place a shield between
the side of the
excavation and the
work area
Protect Employees Exposed to Potential
Cave-ins

08/06/15
IIMSHE 71
 Protection from cave-in
requires a systematic
approach including:
 Soil classification
 Protective systems
 Inspection
 Employee training
An oh
sh_t!
Cave-in

08/06/15
IIMSHE 72
Excavation Rescue

08/06/15
IIMSHE 73
Excavation
Rescue

08/06/15
IIMSHE 74
 Initial Size-up
 Type of incident?
 Cave-in, flooding, medical, fire,
spill
 Injuries?
 Number and type
 Missing personnel?
 Chemical (or sewage) exposures?
 Safety of excavation for
rescuers?
Excavation Rescue

08/06/15
IIMSHE 75
 Notify:
 Field personnel
 HSO = Emergency
Coordinator
 Fire Department
 Police Department
 Emergency Medical Services
(EMS)/Hospital
Excavation Rescue

08/06/15
IIMSHE 76
 Stabilize cave-in
 Control flooding
 Hazardous Atmospheres?
 Ventilate
 Safety harness and
line
 Basket stretcher
Excavation Rescue

08/06/15
IIMSHE 77
 The best rescue is the
one you never have to
make!
 Practice proper
procedures
 Make sure everything
is safe before
anybody goes in!
DON’T ROLL THE DICE!!!
Excavation Rescues

08/06/15
IIMSHE 78
Spoils
 Don’t place spoils within
2 feet from edge of
excavation
 Measure from nearest
part of the spoil to the
excavation edge
 Place spoils so rainwater
runs away from the
excavation
 Place spoil well away
from the excavation

08/06/15
IIMSHE 79
Water accumulation
Oxygen deficiency
Toxic fumes
Access/Egress
Falls
Mobile equipment
Other Excavation Hazards

08/06/15
IIMSHE 80
Means of Egress
A stairway,
ladder, or ramp
must be present
in excavations
that are 4 or
more feet deep,
and within 25
feet of the
employees
This ladder does not meet the
requirements of the standard
The ladder should extend 3 feet
above the excavation

08/06/15
IIMSHE 81
These two ladders
which are lashed
together are not an
adequate means of
egress
The ladder should
extend 3 feet above
the top of the
excavation
Access and Egress

08/06/15
IIMSHE 82
Excavations
Guard excavations
more than 6 feet deep
when they are not
readily seen because
of plant growth or
other visual barriers
In addition to needing
guarding, this
excavation is not
properly shored

08/06/15
IIMSHE 83
Before beginning excavation:
 Evaluate soil conditions
 Construct protective
systems
 Test for low oxygen,
hazardous fumes and
toxic gases
Fissure
Site Evaluation Planning

08/06/15
IIMSHE 84
Before beginning excavation
(contd…):
 Provide safe in and out
access
 Contact utilities
 Determine the safety
equipment needed Fissure
Site Evaluation Planning

08/06/15
IIMSHE 85
• The greatest risk in an excavation is a
cave-in.
• Employees can be protected through
sloping, shielding, and shoring the
excavation.
• A competent person is responsible to
inspect the excavation.
• Other excavation hazards include water
accumulation, oxygen deficiency, toxic
fumes, falls, and mobile equipment.
Summary

08/06/15
IIMSHE 86
Fall Protection

08/06/15
IIMSHE 87
Falls are the leading cause of deaths in the
construction industry.
Most fatalities occur when employees fall from open-
sided floors and through floor openings.
Falls from as little as 4 to 6 feet can cause serious
lost-time accidents and sometimes death.
Open-sided floors and platforms 6 feet or more in
height must be guarded.
Falls in Construction

08/06/15
IIMSHE 88
FallsinConstruction

08/06/15
IIMSHE 89
This presentation will discuss:
•The working conditions that
prompt use of fall protection
•Options that are available to
protect workers from falls
Fall Protection

08/06/15
IIMSHE 90
At the end of this topic, you will be able to:
•List at least four methods of fall
protection available for protecting workers
•State the main criteria that prompts use
of fall protection for construction workers
Fall Protection

08/06/15
IIMSHE 91
Personal Fall
Arrest System
(PFAS)
Guardrails Safety Net
Fall Protection Options

08/06/15
IIMSHE 92
Personal Fall Arrest Systems
• You must be trained how to properly use PFAS.
• PFAS = anchorage, lifeline and body harness.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 93
Safety Line
Anchorages
Must be independent
of any platform
anchorage and
capable of supporting
at least 5,000 lbs. per
worker

08/06/15
IIMSHE 94
Fall protection systems and work practices
must be in place before you start work.
Lanyards and PFAS in use
FallProtectionPlanning

08/06/15
IIMSHE 95
 Top rails between 39 and 45 inches tall
 Toeboards at least 3 1/2 inches high
Top Rail
Mid- Rail
Toeboard
Guardrails

08/06/15
IIMSHE 96
Place as close as possible, but no more than
30 feet below where employees work
SafetyNets

08/06/15
IIMSHE 97
 Walkways &
ramps
 Open sides &
edges
 Holes
 Concrete forms &
rebar
 Excavations
 Roofs
 Wall openings
 Bricklaying
 Residential
Construction
When Fall Protection is Needed

08/06/15
IIMSHE 98
Guard ramps, runways, and other walkways
WalkwaysandRamps MIS-004 PGDM 1st semester

08/06/15
IIMSHE 99
In residential construction, you must be
protected if you can fall more than 6 feet
Fall Protection -Residential Construction

08/06/15
IIMSHE 100
Unprotected edge
Unprotected sides and edges must have
guardrails or equivalent
Unprotected Sides & Edges

08/06/15
IIMSHE 101
Sides&Edges-
This 1/4" nylon rope alone is not a proper
way to guard this open floor
ImproperGuarding

08/06/15
IIMSHE 102
• Holes more than 6 feet high must be protected
• This opening could be made safe by using a
guardrail, or strong cover
Sky Lights and Other Openings

08/06/15
IIMSHE 103
• Cover completely and securely
• If no cover, can guard with a guardrail
FloorHoles
Improperly
Covered

08/06/15
IIMSHE 104
• Use PFAS when working on formwork or rebar
• Cover or cap protruding rebar
Concrete
Formsand
Rebar

08/06/15
IIMSHE 105
If you work on roofs and can fall
more than 6 feet, you must be protected
Roofs

08/06/15
IIMSHE 106
If you work near wall openings 6 feet or more above
lower levels you must be protected from falling
WallOpenings
Wall opening

08/06/15
IIMSHE 107
• Use hand / mechanical signals
• Grade soil away from excavation
• Fence or barricade trenches left overnight
• Use a flagger when signs, signals and
barricades are not enough protection
Protection from Falls, Falling Loads, and
Mobile Equipment

08/06/15
IIMSHE 108
The ends of this scaffold
are not properly guarded
Can use PFAS instead of
guardrails on some
scaffolds
Use PFAS & guardrails on
suspension scaffolds
Use PFAS on erectors and
dismantlers where
feasible
Fall Protection
Requirements

08/06/15
IIMSHE 109
Fall Object Protection
Wear hardhats
Barricade area below scaffold to
forbid entry into that area
Use panels or screens if material
is stacked higher than the
toeboard
Build a canopy or erect a net
below the scaffold that will
contain or deflect falling objects

08/06/15
IIMSHE 110
Fall Hazards
Fall may occur
 While climbing on
or off the scaffold
 Working on
unguarded scaffold
platforms
 When scaffold
platforms or planks
fail

08/06/15
IIMSHE 111
Summary
 If you can fall more than 6 feet, you
must be protected
 Use fall protection on:
 walkways & ramps, open sides &
edges, holes, concrete forms & rebar,
excavations, roofs, wall openings,
bricklaying, residential construction
 Protective measures include guardrails,
covers, safety nets, and Personal Fall
Arrest Systems

08/06/15
IIMSHE 112
SAFETY IN TRAFFIC CONTROL

08/06/15
IIMSHE 113
Safety speed restrictions must be imposed.
The vehicles should not be overloaded
Speed restrictions should be imposed.
The ruling gradient which the vehicle can
negotiate should be known to the driver.
Near excavated trenches proper barricading
must be done to prevent vehicles going too
close.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 114
Contd….
Collision of trucks with existing equipment
power lines and other line.
To effect perfect coordination the routes for
plying vehicle should be laid down and by joint
consultations could be get implemented

08/06/15
IIMSHE 115
Protection from Vehicles
• Hand/mechanical signals
• Stop logs
• Grade soil away from
excavation
• Fence or barricade
trenches left overnight

08/06/15
IIMSHE 116
A trench shield
was built around
this work area
Trench Shield

08/06/15
IIMSHE 117
• Using hydraulic jacks the
operator can easily drop
the system into the hole
• Once in place, hydraulic
pressure is increased to
keep the forms in place
• Trench pins are installed
in case of hydraulic
failure
Hydraulic Trench Support

08/06/15
IIMSHE 118
HAZARD

08/06/15
IIMSHE 119
Hazardous
Conditions
The weight and
vibrations of the
crane make this a
very hazardous
condition.
They should not
be working under
this crane.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 120
Note that these workers are not
wearing hardhats to protect them
from materials falling into the trench
Water is
Hazardous
When water is
present in an
excavation it is
extremely hazardous
to enter

08/06/15
IIMSHE 121
These workers must be protected from cave-in. Note the water
in the bottom of the trench. This is a very hazardous condition!
Water = Cave-in
Hazard

08/06/15
IIMSHE 122
Test excavations more
than 4 feet before an
employee enters the
excavation for:
 Oxygen deficiency
 High combustible gas
concentration
 High levels of other
hazardous substances
Hazardous Atmosphere

08/06/15
IIMSHE 123
 Overhead Cranes
 Workers Overhead
 Poor Housekeeping
Overhead Hazards

08/06/15
IIMSHE 124
 Perimeter Fencing, Enclosures, signs.
 Spotters Provided for in-the-blind,
backing machines and/or equipment.
 Poor Planing Forces Workers to Commit
Unsafe Acts! (office trailers, change
trailers, haul roads, parking areas).
 Be Alert; Stay Clear; Hear Warnings.
 Temporary Barricades around Hazards.
HAZARD PREVENTION and
CONTROLS

08/06/15
IIMSHE 125
DIRECT PARTICIPANTS: Need to be on site
Foremen, Supervisors and other related contractor staff.
Surveyors, Rodmen, Layout Crews.
Mechanics and oilers.
Any other Craft and/or Trade working
On the project, or passing through the work
areas.
HAZARD PREVENTION AND
CONTROLS (Continue)
PERSONS AT RISK AROUND, OR NEAR, WHILE
OPERATING.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 126
DIRECT PARTICIPANTS: Need to be on site
Signal Persons, Observers, Flaggers, Grade Checkers,
Dump Persons.
Equipment Operators, Teamsters.
Laborers, Iron Workers and Carpenters.
CONTROLS (Continue)
PERSONS AT RISK AROUND, OR NEAR, WHILE
OPERATING.

08/06/15
IIMSHE 127
PERSONS AT RISK AROUND, OR NEAR,
WHILE OPERATING.
PARTICIPANTS WHO NEED TO BE ON SITE: (On a
Periodic Basis)
Delivery Trucks, Service Providers,
Concrete Mixers, Pump Trucks.
Contracted Services; Crane Rental, Concrete Saw Cutting,
Port-to-let Service Persons,
Roach Coach Drivers, Trash Removal Vehicles..
CONTROLS (Continue)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 128
 Architects and Engineers, Inspectors,
 Client’s Staff/Owner’s Reps.
 Engineering Service Providers: Concrete Testing,
Compaction Testing,
 Vendor Sales Personnel or Product Installation
Specialist(s).
 Other Utility Service Providers & Locators: Phone, Gas.
Electric, Water, Sewer, Cable, etc.
 Transportation Industry; Trucking, Buses,
 Taxicabs, First-Aider, Ambulance/Emergency Vehicle.
CONTROLS (Continue)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 129
NON-PARTICIPANTS, NO DIRECT NEED TO BE ON
SITE:
Environmentalists independently reviewing compliance
with Laws/Restrictions..
Scavengers, Wood collectors, Junk Collectors, Dumpster
Divers.
Lawyers, Investigators, Thieves, Burglars and Law
Breakers.
The Media etc.
 PERSONS AT RISK AROUND, OR
NEAR, WHILE OPERATING
CONTROLS (Continue)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 130
NON-PARTICIPANTS, NO DIRECT NEED TO BE ON
SITE:
Pedestrians, Spectators, On-lookers, Sidewalk
Superintendents.
Children (of all ages).
Job Seekers, (all types).
Joggers, Bicycle Riders, Skate Boarders, Walkers.
 PERSONS AT RISK AROUND, OR
NEAR, WHILE OPERATING
CONTROLS (Continue)

08/06/15
IIMSHE 131
CATERPILLAR STATES:
 Clear all Personnel from the Machine and the
Area.
 The Operator Must be Satisfied that No One will
be Endangered Before Moving the Machine.
 Look Behind Machine Before Backing.
CONTROLS (Continue)
RECOMMENDATIONS

08/06/15
IIMSHE 132
CONTROLS (Continue)
 Have a Signalman Present when Moving In
or Out of a Building (or structure).
 Stop Machine Frequently at Night, Walk
Around and Inspect Machine, Stay Alert.
 Clear All Obstacles from the Path of the
Machine, Beware of Hazards such as Wires,
Ditches, etc..
RECOMMENDATIONS

08/06/15
IIMSHE 133
SCAFFOLDS

08/06/15
IIMSHE 134
Scaffolds

08/06/15
IIMSHE 135
What Is A Scaffold?
An elevated, temporary work
platform
Three basic types:
 Supported scaffolds -- platforms
supported by rigid, load bearing
members, such as poles, legs,
frames, & outriggers
 Suspended scaffolds --
platforms suspended by ropes or
other non-rigid, overhead support
 Aerial Lifts -- such as “cherry
pickers” or “boom trucks”

08/06/15
IIMSHE 136
SCAFFOLDS HAZARDS
• Falls from elevation – caused
by slipping, unsafe access, and
the lack of fall protection
• Struck by falling tools / debris
• Electrocution – from overhead
power lines
• Scaffold collapse - caused by
instability or overloading
• Bad planking giving way
Employees working on scaffolds are
exposed to these hazards:

08/06/15
IIMSHE 137
Scaffold Support Examples
Good support Inadequate support –
in danger of collapse?
Base
plate
Mud sills

08/06/15
IIMSHE 138
Essential Elements of
Safe
Scaffold Construction
• Use appropriate
scaffold construction
methods
• Proper scaffold access
• Properly use a
competent person

08/06/15
IIMSHE 139
Scaffold Platform Construction
Platforms must:
• be fully planked or
decked with no
more than 1 inch
gaps
• be able to support
its weight & 4
times maximum
load
• be at least 18
inches wide
This is not a properly
constructed scaffold

08/06/15
IIMSHE 140
 Each abutted end of
plank must rest on a
separate support
surface
 No large gaps in front
edge of platforms
 Overlap platforms at
least 12 inches over
supports, unless
restrained to prevent
movement
Planks not properly
overlapped

08/06/15
IIMSHE 141
• No paint on wood platforms
• Use scaffold grade wood
• Fully planked between front
upright and guardrail support
• Component pieces used must
match and be of the same type
• Erect on stable and level ground
• Lock wheels and braces

08/06/15
IIMSHE 142
Scaffold Height
The height of the
scaffold should
not be more than
four times its
minimum base
dimension
unless guys,
ties, or braces
are used
20’
5’

08/06/15
IIMSHE 143
Supported Scaffolds
Platforms supported by legs,
outrigger beams, brackets,
poles, uprights, posts, &
frames
Restrain from tipping by
guys, ties, or braces
Scaffold poles, legs, posts,
frames, and uprights must be
on base plates and mud sills
or other firm foundation
This support is not adequate!

08/06/15
IIMSHE 144
Proper Scaffold Access
Provide access when scaffold
platforms are more than 2 feet
above or below a point of access
Permitted types of access:
 Ladders, such as portable,
hook-on, attachable, stairway
type, and built-ins
 Stair towers
 Ramps and walkways
May use building stairs and come
out window

08/06/15
IIMSHE 145
Scaffold Access
• No access by
crossbraces
• When using
ladders, bottom
rung no more than
24 inches high
• Can use some end
frames
• Can access from
another scaffold,
structure or hoist
End Frame
Do not access
by crossbraces

08/06/15
IIMSHE 146
Suspension Scaffolds
Train employees to recognize
hazards
Secure/tie to prevent swaying
Support devices must rest on
surfaces that can support four
times the load
Platforms suspended by ropes or
wires. Rope must be capable of
supporting 6 times the load

08/06/15
IIMSHE 147
Suspension Scaffolds (contd…)
Competent person:
 evaluate connections to ensure
the supporting surfaces can
support load
 inspect ropes for defects
before shift
PFAS must have anchors
independent of the scaffold
support system

08/06/15
IIMSHE 148
Moving Scaffolds
Employees can’t be on a moving
scaffold unless:
• Surface is level
• Height to base ratio is 2 to 1
• Outriggers are installed on
both sides of scaffolds
Employees can’t be on scaffold
part beyond the wheels
Competent person must be on
site to supervise

08/06/15
IIMSHE 149
Don’t use Shore or Lean-to Scaffolds
Shore scaffold
supported scaffold
which is placed
against a building
or structure and
held in place with
props
Lean-to scaffold
supported scaffold
which is kept erect
by tilting it toward
and resting it
against a building
or structure

08/06/15
IIMSHE 150
Using Scaffolds
Don’t work on snow or
ice covered platforms or
during storms or high
winds
Use tag lines on
swinging loads
Protect suspension
ropes from heat & acid A covered scaffold has special
wind load considerations

08/06/15
IIMSHE 151
Overhand Bricklaying
from Supported Scaffolds
A guardrail or personal
fall arrest system is
required on all sides
except the side
where the work is
being done

08/06/15
IIMSHE 152
Competent Person
Person capable of identifying and
promptly correcting hazards
Determines if it’s safe to work on
a scaffold during storms or high
winds
Trains workers to recognize
hazards
Selects qualified workers to
conduct work

08/06/15
IIMSHE 153
Scaffold Inspection
Competent person
inspects scaffolds for
visible defects before
each shift and after
any alterations
Defective parts must
be immediately
repaired Deformed bearer

08/06/15
IIMSHE 154
Scaffold Erection
Scaffolds can only be
erected, moved,
dismantled or altered
under the supervision
of a competent
person
Competent person
selects & directs
these workers and
determines the
feasibility of fall
protection

08/06/15
IIMSHE 155
Avoid the Main Hazards of Scaffolds
Falls from
elevation
Bad planking
Scaffold collapse
Getting struck by falling
tools or debris
Electrocution

08/06/15
IIMSHE 156
Summary
Use appropriate scaffold construction
methods
 Erect, move, or alter scaffold properly
 Protect from falling objects or tools
Ensure stable access
Use a competent person
 Train on scaffold construction and the hazards
involved with scaffolds
 Inspect scaffold before each shift and after
alterations
 Determine fall protection requirements
Remember to:

08/06/15
IIMSHE 157
Install along open sides &
ends
Front edge of platforms not
more than 14 inches from
the work, unless using
guardrails and/or PFAS
Top rails - 38 to 45 inches
tall
Midrails halfway between
toprail and platform
Toeboards at least 3-1/2
inches high
Guardrails

08/06/15
IIMSHE 158
 The training is to teach you:
 How to recognize hazards
 How to minimize hazards
 The training must cover:
 Fall hazards
 Fall protection systems
 Use of fall protection devices
Training
Employers must provide fall protection training

08/06/15
IIMSHE 159
Training Requirement
Train employees on scaffold
hazards and procedures to
control the hazards
The training must include:
 Nature of electrical, fall,
and falling object hazards
 How to deal with electrical
hazards and fall protection
systems
 Proper use of the scaffold
 Scaffold load capacities

 Retrain as necessary

08/06/15
IIMSHE 160
Training Erectors
Train employees involved in
erecting, disassembling,
moving, operating,
repairing, maintaining, or
inspecting a scaffold to
recognize its hazards and
the correct procedures to
use

Mis 004-pgdm-1 (full & final)

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