This Power Point presentation is an overview of the green movement and environmentalism designed for students with reading problems. Most every card is read aloud and there is music provided in the background. The sound quality is not great, but the student can understand what is said.
2. Preface
In this version I will read the card first and
then follow with a brief commentary to
clear up any points that may be difficult to
understand.
3. INTRODUCTION
This presentation will help you prepare for a
job in the fast growing green industry. It
will provide the background and
vocabulary you need to successfully
interview for a green job. The class
progresses from the history of
environmentalism to the green business
opportunities and jobs available today!
4. “Green, old school!”
• Environmentalism was the name given to
the Green Movement before there was a
Green Movement.
• A review of environmentalism and its
influence are essential for understanding
the Green Movement today.
5. Environmentalism Defined (1)
• Environmentalism is political and ethical
movement that seeks to improve and
protect the quality of the natural
environment through:
– changes to environmentally harmful human
activities;
– through the adoption of forms of political,
economic, and social organization that are
thought to be necessary for limiting human’s
bad treatment of nature.;
6. Environmentalism defined (2)
• Environmentalism claims that living things
other than humans, and the natural
environment as a whole, are deserving of
consideration in reasoning about the
morality of political, economic, and social
policies.
7. Two Sides of Environmentalism
• anthropocentric, or “human-centered”
• biocentric, or “life-centered.”
8. Anthropocentric, or
“human-centered”
• This view focuses mainly on the negative
effects that hurting the environment has
on human beings and their interests
• It sees nonhuman nature as mechanical
or “soulless”
• Nonhuman organisms are seen as only
things to be used by humans.
9. Biocentric, or “life-centered.”
• It sees the entire environment, both living
and often nonliving, as members of a
single moral and ecological community.
10. 1960s and ’70s
Environmental Concerns
• Scientific and environmental knowledge
become broader and better.
• Scientists, intellectuals, and activists
became concerned about the Earth – its
ability to maintain all life, including human
life.
11. The Birth of “Green”
• This concern contributed to the growth of
grassroots environmental activism in a number
of countries.
• New environmental, nongovernmental agencies,
and environmental (“green”) political parties
were formed in a number of European countries.
• As political leaders started to understand
environmental problems, governments in the
early 1970s entered into agreements protecting
the environment.
12. Groups of Environmentalists
• Anthropocentric groups, which included
apocalyptic (survivalist) environmentalism,
emancipatory environmentalism, and human-
welfare ecology were focused primarily by a
concern for human well-being.
• Biocentric groups, which included social
ecology, deep ecology, the animal-rights/animal-
liberation movements, and ecofeminism, were
centrally concerned with the moral worth of
nonhuman nature.
13. Environmentalism and Negativity
• In 1960s and early ’70s environmentalists thought that the earth’s
future looked really dim.
• Many authors wrote that the earth’s ecosystem could not survive all
of the bad things humans were doing to it.
• This so-called apocalyptic, or survivalist, literature encouraged
reluctant calls from some environmentalists for governments to
control human activities which harmed the environment.
• One writer, Robert Heilbroner in a book entitled An Inquiry into the
Human Prospect (1974), argued that human survival depended on
humans giving up their freedom. Julian Simon and Herman Kahn in
The Resourceful Earth (1984), said humans have the ability to find
or to invent substitutes for resources that were in danger of being
used up.
14. Apocalyptic versus Emancipation
Environmentalism
• “Apocalyptic” environmentalists developed many
ideas like: recycling, the use of alternative-
energy technologies, the decentralization and
democratization of economic and social
planning, and the reorganization of major
industrial sectors, including the agriculture and
energy industries.
• “Emancipatory” environmentalism took a more
positive approach. It promoted an ecological
consciousness and an ethic of “stewardship” of
the environment.
15. Human Welfare Ecology
Human-welfare ecology aims to enhance
human life by creating a safe and clean
environment. It is part of a broader
concern with distributive justice. It reflects
a tendency of citizens in advanced
industrial societies to place more
importance on “quality-of-life” issues than
on traditional economic concerns.
16. Natural Systems
Some authors
• argued that natural systems were all connected
• encouraged productive processes that worked with
nature, not against it,
• encouraged the use of organic and renewable resources
rather than synthetic/man-made products like plastics
and chemical fertilizers,
• wanted to develop renewable and small-scale energy
resources like wind and solar power, and
• promoted governmental policies that supported effective
public transportation and energy efficiency.
17. Social Ecologists
• Social ecologists trace the causes of
environmental problems to the existence
of unjust, hierarchical relationships in
human society
• They think large-scale social structures of
modern capitalist states lead to injustice.
• Social ecologists want to create a society
based decentralized small-scale
communities and systems of production.
18. Deep Ecologists
• Deep ecologists claim that humans need to regain a
“spiritual” relationship with nonhuman nature.
• By understanding the interconnectedness of all
organisms—including humans—in the ecosphere and
empathizing with nonhuman nature,
• They argue humans would develop an ecological
consciousness and a sense of ecological solidarity.
• A deep ecologist, James Lovelock in Gaia : A New Look
at Life on Earth (1979), said that the planet Earth is a
single living, self-regulating entity capable of
reestablishing an ecological equilibrium, even without the
existence of human life.
19. Animal Rights
• Animal rights activists argue that the intrinsic
value and the interconnectedness of nature is
fundamental.
• Animal rights go beyond a concern with ill-
treatment and cruelty to animals.
• Many activists demand an end to all forms of
animal exploitation, including the use of animals
in scientific and medical experiments, and as
sources of entertainment in circuses, rodeos,
and races, and as food.
20. Ecofeminists
• Ecofeminists assert that there is a connection
between the destruction of nature by humans
and the oppression of women by men.
• They oppose political theories and social
practices in which both women and nature are
treated as objects to be owned or controlled.
• Ecofeminists aim to establish a central role for
women in the pursuit of an environmentally
sound and socially just society.
21. Green Politics
• Green nongovernmental organizations
and green political parties give political
expression to the philosophy of
environmentalism.
• Four goals of political ecology:
1)protection of the environment, 2)
grassroots democracy, 3) social justice,
and 4) nonviolence
22. Ecoterrorism
• A small number of environmental groups
and individual activists are engaged in
ecoterrorism.
• They view violence as a justified response
to what they consider the violent treatment
of nature by some interests, particularly
the logging and mining industries, as well
as, some animal experimenters.
23. International Green Movement
• The political goals of the contemporary green
movement in the industrialized West focus on
changing government policy and promoting
environmental social values.
• In the developing world, environmentalism has
been more closely involved in “emancipatory”
politics and grassroots activism on issues such
as poverty, and political and human rights,
including the rights of women and indigenous
peoples.
24. Some Green Initiatives
• Increase awareness of and sensitivity to
environmental issues.
• Recycling
• Green consumerism (also known as
“buying green”),
• Establishment of alternative communities,
including self-sufficient farms, workers’
cooperatives, and cooperative-housing
projects.
25. Green Political Parties
These parties were conceived of as a new kind of
political organization that would:
• bring the influence of the grassroots
environmental movement directly to bear on the
machinery of government,
• make the environment a central concern of
public policy, and
• cause the institutions of the state to be more
democratic, transparent, and accountable.
26. Green Political Success
• By the late 1980s environmentalism had
become a global as well as a national political
force.
• Some environmental nongovernmental
organizations (for example, Greenpeace,
Friends of the Earth, and the World Wildlife
Fund) established a significant international
presence, serving as campaign and information
centers for their national partner organizations.
27. 21st
Century Green
• In the 21st century, the environmental
movement is concerned with conservation,
preservation, and pollution
• It is now also concerned with the environmental
consequences of economic practices as diverse
as tourism, trade, financial investment, and the
conduct of war.
• Some environmental groups increasingly work
with other emancipatory organizations, such as
human rights and indigenous-peoples groups,
• Many work with corporations and other
businesses.
28. President Obama and Green Jobs
• President Obama wants to domestically produce
renewable energy and energy efficient products
and components, such as, wind turbines and
related components; solar energy products; fuel
cells; advanced batteries and storage devices;
biomass engines; geothermal equipment; ocean
energy equipment; carbon capture and storage;
and energy efficient appliances, products, parts,
and components that are used to increase
energy efficiency.
29. New Jobs
• Investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency
manufacturing creates and retains permanent, good
jobs. In general, approximately 5 full-time component
manufacturing jobs are created for every $1 million of
investment in renewable energy systems.
• Additionally, 3 to 4 building-material manufacturing jobs
and 5 energy-efficient appliance manufacturing jobs are
created for every $1 million invested in building energy
efficiency.
• Over the long-term, retooled manufacturing facilities will
have the capacity to scale up to meet increased demand
for renewable energy and energy efficient technologies,
generating further employment gains.
30. Past Experience
• In 2006, U.S. renewable energy and energy efficiency industries generated
8.5 million new direct and indirect jobs, $971 billion in industry revenue, and
$150 billion in increased federal, state, and local government tax revenues.
These industries include wind, solar, biomass, hydrogen fuel cells, green
building, and energy efficiency products.
• In 2004 there were 10,179 firms nationwide with the technological potential
to produce photovoltaic energy components, employing 714,183 workers. In
the same year, 90 firms in 25 states were active in manufacturing wind
turbine components, and 16,163 firms nationwide had the technological
potential to produce wind energy components. These firms employed a total
of 1,025,327 workers.
• Demand for solar and wind power will continue to expand over the next
twenty years, and between 70 and 80 percent of potential new jobs created
will be in the manufacturing sector.
• And new jobs aren’t the only benefits — in 2006, the use of Energy Star
appliances saved an estimated 170 billion kWh of electricity and $14 billion
on energy bills.
31. Renewable Energy Basics
• The United States currently relies heavily
on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy.
Fossil fuels are nonrenewable, that is,
they draw on resources that will eventually
disappear, becoming too expensive or too
environmentally damaging to retrieve. In
contrast, renewable energy resources—
such as wind and solar energy—are
constantly replenished and will never run
out.
32. Solar
• Most renewable energy comes either
directly or indirectly from the sun. Sunlight,
or solar energy, can be used directly for
heating and lighting homes and other
buildings, for generating electricity, and for
hot water heating, solar cooling, and a
variety of commercial and industrial uses.
33. Solar Energy Basics
• The sun's heat and light provide an great
source of energy that can be used in many
ways. There are many technologies that
have been developed to take advantage of
solar energy. These include concentrating
solar power systems, passive solar
heating and daylighting, photovoltaic
systems, solar hot water, and solar
process heat and space heating and
cooling.
34. Wind
• The sun's heat also drives the winds,
whose energy is captured with wind
turbines.
• The winds and the sun's heat cause water
to evaporate. When this water vapor turns
into rain or snow and flows downhill into
rivers or streams, its energy can be
captured using hydropower.
35. Wind Turbines
• A wind energy system transforms the kinetic
energy of the wind into mechanical or electrical
energy that can be harnessed for practical use.
• Wind energy is most commonly used for
pumping water in rural or remote locations- the
"farm windmill" still seen in many rural areas of
the U.S. is a mechanical wind pumper - but it
can also be used for many other purposes
(grinding grain, sawing, etc.)
• Wind electric turbines generate electricity for
homes and businesses and for sale to utilities.
36. Capacity Factor
• Capacity factor is one element in measuring the
productivity of a wind turbine or any other power
production facility.
• It compares the plant's actual production over a
given period of time with the amount of power
the plant would have produced if it had run at full
capacity for the same amount of time.
• A conventional utility power plant uses fuel, so it
will normally run much of the time unless there
are equipment problems or closed for
maintenance. A capacity factor of 40% to 80% is
typical for conventional plants.
37. Biomass
• Along with the rain and snow, sunlight
causes plants to grow. The organic matter
that makes up those plants is known as
biomass. Biomass can be used to produce
electricity, transportation fuels, or
chemicals. The use of biomass for any of
these purposes is called biomass energy.
38. Biomass Energy Basics
• We have used biomass energy or
"bioenergy"—the energy from plants and
plant-derived materials—since people
began burning wood to cook food and
keep warm.
39. Hydrogen
• Hydrogen can be found in many organic
compounds, as well as water. It's the most
abundant element on the Earth. But it
doesn't occur naturally as a gas. It's
always combined with other elements,
such as with oxygen to make water.
• Once separated from another element,
hydrogen can be burned as a fuel or
converted into electricity.
40. Hydrogen Basics
• Fill vehicle fuel tanks with it instead of gasoline. Pipe it to
homes to generate electricity onsite, while providing
heating and hot water, instead of sending electricity
through transmission lines.
• Hydrogen offers great opportunities because it emits
only water vapor where it is used.
• Fuel cells that combine hydrogen and oxygen to produce
electricity and heat offer the promise of making hydrogen
an ideal universal fuel.
• It cannot be mined or harvested. But other energy
sources can be used to make hydrogen, and then the
hydrogen can be transported or stored for use where
and when needed.
41. Geothermal
Geothermal energy taps
the Earth's internal heat
for a variety of uses
including electric power
production, and the
heating and cooling of
buildings.
42. Geothermal Energy Basics
• This heat can be drawn from several sources: hot water or
steam reservoirs deep in the earth that are accessed by drilling
or geothermal reservoirs located near the earth's surface
• A power station can use the hot water and steam from
reservoirs to drive generators and produce electricity for its
customers.
• Other applications apply the heat produced from geothermal
directly to various uses in buildings, roads, agriculture, and
industrial plants.
• Still others use the heat directly from the ground to provide
heating and cooling in homes and other buildings.
43. Ocean Energy
• Oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface.
• The ocean can produce thermal energy from the sun's
heat and mechanical energy from the tides and waves.
• As the world's largest solar collectors, oceans generate
thermal energy from the sun.
• Even though the sun affects all ocean activity, the
gravitational pull of the moon primarily drives the tides,
and the wind powers the ocean waves.
44. Hydropower
• Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into
electricity. This is called hydroelectric power or hydropower.
• Hydropower is using water to power machinery or make electricity.
• Water constantly moves through a vast global cycle, evaporating from
lakes and oceans, forming clouds, precipitating as rain or snow, then
flowing back down to the ocean.
• The energy of this water cycle, which is driven by the sun, can be
tapped to produce electricity or for mechanical tasks like grinding
grain.
• Hydropower uses a fuel—water—that is not reduced or used up in the
process. Because the water cycle is an endless, constantly recharging
system, hydropower is considered a renewable energy.
45. Methane
• Methane is a gas that contains molecules of
methane with one atom of carbon and four
atoms of hydrogen (CH4 ).
• It is the major component of the "natural" gas
used in many homes for cooking and heating. It
is odorless, colorless.
• Natural gas is a fossil fuel that was created eons
ago by the breakdown of organic materials.
• It is often found in association with oil and coal.
46. Anaerobic Bacteria
• Anaerobic bacteria break down or "digest" organic
material in the absence of oxygen and produce "biogas"
as a waste product.
• Anaerobic decomposition occurs naturally in swamps,
water-logged soils and rice fields, deep bodies of water,
and in the digestive systems of termites and large
animals.
• Anaerobic processes can be managed in a "digester"
(an airtight tank) or a covered lagoon (a pond used to
store manure) for waste treatment.
• The primary benefits of anaerobic digestion are nutrient
recycling, waste treatment, and odor control. Except in
very large systems, biogas production is a highly useful
but secondary benefit.
47. Hybrid Electric Vehicles
• Today hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are a
familiar sight on the road. They're everywhere,
from small cars and SUVs to large trucks.
• But unlike a conventional vehicle, a hybrid
electric vehicle typically combines a gas-burning
engine with an electric battery and electric
motor. This combination offers greater fuel
economy and fewer emissions compared to a
conventional vehicle.
48. How HEV’s Work
• Hybrid electric vehicles are powered by two
energy sources: an energy conversion unit, such
as a combustion engine or fuel cell, and an
energy storage device, such as batteries and/or
ultracapacitors.
• The energy conversion unit may be powered
with gasoline or an alternative fuel. The electric
battery is recharged through an onboard
generator or regenerative brake.
• A regenerative brake recaptures some of the
kinetic energy that would otherwise be lost as
heat when braking.
49. Energy Delivery and Storage
Basics
• The demand for electricity is seldom constant
over time. Many renewable resources — wind
and solar power, for example — are intermittent,
i.e., they are not available all of the time. Storing
energy from the renewable source allows supply
to more closely match demand.
• For instance, energy storage enables solar
electricity to be used both day and night.
50. Distributed Energy (DE)
Technologies
• Distributed energy (DE) technologies
refers to a variety of small, modular
power-generating technologies that can be
combined with energy management and
storage systems.
• They are used to improve the operation of
the electricity delivery system, whether or
not those technologies are connected to
an electricity grid.
51. Environmental Racism
Enviromental Justice
• Environmental racism refers to intentional or
unintentional racial descrimination in the
enforcement of environmental rules and
regulations,
• the intentional or unintentional targeting of
minority communities for the siting of polluting
industries, or
• the exclusion of minority groups from public and
private boards, commissions, and regulatory
bodies.
• Environmental Justice is the movement to
reverse environmental racism.
52. Green Retail List
Almost everything that can be sold can made greener. That means
that there may be jobs available to make that happen. Here is a
short list:
• Flowers and Gifts
• Books, arts, crafts, designs
• Body care, baby & child products,
• Food packaging
• Apparel & Accessories
• Home and Interior products
• Office supplies
• Transport
• Pet Products
• Gardening supplies
• Manufacturing
• Cars
53. Agriculture
• There are many careers available in
agriculture. You could work on agricultural
pollution or weed and pest control. You
could work in new fields like agroforestry,
aquaculture, biodynamic farming,
sustainable and/or community supported
agriculture. Or, if you are into technology,
biotechnology or the production of
genetically modified foods.
54. Air Quality Jobs
You could become involved fighting the
effects of acid rain, air pollution, industrial
pollution, car pollution, and any other
pollutant that harms the atmosphere.
55. Biotechnology
• Biotechnology is the use of biology to
solve problems and make useful products.
The most prominent area of biotechnology
is the production of therapeutic proteins
and other drugs through genetic
engineering.
56. Brownfield Site
Brownfield site means real property,
the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse
of which may be complicated by the
presence or potential presence of a
hazardous substance, pollutant, or
contaminant. There are many jobs
available to help clean up Brownfield
sites.
57. Climate Change Defined
Climate change is the periodic
modification of Earth’s climate brought
about as a result of changes in the
atmosphere as well as interactions
between the atmosphere and various
other geologic, chemical, biological, and
geographic, and human produced factors
within the Earth system.
58. Climate Change Jobs
• Human activities—especially fossil-fuel
combustion since the Industrial
Revolution—are responsible for steady
increases in atmospheric concentrations
of various greenhouse gases, especially
carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, and
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). There are
jobs aimed at reducing human production
of greenhouse gases.
59. Community Planning
• Community or city planners develop long- and
short-term plans for the use of land and the
growth and revitalization of urban, suburban,
and rural communities and the region in which
they are located.
• They help local officials alleviate social,
economic, and environmental problems by
recommending locations for roads, schools, and
other infrastructure and suggesting zoning
regulations for private property.
60. Environmental Scientists and
Hydrologists
• Environmental scientists and hydrologists use
their knowledge of the physical makeup and
history of the Earth to protect the environment;
• They study the properties of underground and
surface waters, locate water and energy
resources, predict water-related geologic
hazards, and provide environmental site
assessments and advice on indoor air quality
and hazardous-waste-site remediation.
61. Ecotourism
• Ecotourism travel agents help travelers sort
through vast amounts of information to help
them make the best possible sustainable
vacations. They offer advice on destinations
and make arrangements for transportation,
hotel accommodations, ecological study
trips and tours for their clients. In addition,
resorts and specialty travel groups use travel
agents to promote travel packages to their
clients.
62. Electricity Production Jobs
• This industry includes firms engaged in the
generation, transmission, and distribution of electric
power. Electric plants harness highly pressurized
steam, flowing water, or some force of nature to spin
the blades of a turbine, which is attached to an
electric generator. Coal is the dominant fuel used to
generate steam in electric power plants, followed by
nuclear power, natural gas, petroleum, and other
energy sources. Hydroelectric generators are
powered by the release of the tremendous pressure
of water existing at the bottom of a dam or near a
waterfall. Renewable sources of electric power—
including geothermal, wind, and solar energy—are
expanding rapidly, but only make up a small
percentage of total generation.
63. Environmental Advocacy
• Advocacy, grantmaking, and civic organizations had 1.2
million wage and salary jobs in 2006, with 74 percent in
civic, social, professional and similar organizations.
• Employers need individuals with strong communication
and fundraising skills, because organizations must
constantly mobilize public support for their activities.
• Social and demographic shifts should increase demand
for services and spur job growth.
• A large number of job openings should result from
employment growth and turnover, partially due to
relatively low wages.
64. Environment Economists
• Economists study how society distributes
resources, such as land, labor, raw materials,
and machinery, to produce goods and services.
• They may conduct research, collect and analyze
data, monitor economic trends, or develop
forecasts.
• Economists research a wide variety of issues
including energy costs, inflation, interest rates,
exchange rates, business cycles, taxes, and
employment levels, among others.
65. Emergency Management
Specialists
• Coordinate disaster response or crisis
management activities,
• provide disaster preparedness training, and
• prepare emergency plans and procedures for
natural disasters (for example, hurricanes,
floods, earthquakes), wartime, or technological
disasters (such as nuclear power plant
emergencies or hazardous materials spills)
66. Job Health
Occupational health and safety specialists and
technicians, also known as safety and health
professionals or occupational health and safety
inspectors, help prevent harm to workers,
property, the environment, and the general
public. For example, they might design safe
work spaces, inspect machines, or test air
quality. Some specialists and technicians work
for governments, conducting safety inspections
and imposing fines.
67. Forestry
• The Nation’s forests are a rich natural resource,
providing beauty and tranquility, varied recreational
benefits, and wood for commercial use.
• Managing and harvesting the forests and woodlands
require many different kinds of workers.
• Forest and conservation workers help develop, maintain,
and protect the forests by growing and planting new
seedlings, fighting insects and diseases that attack trees,
and helping to control soil erosion.
• Timber-cutting and logging workers harvest thousands of
acres of forests each year for the timber that provides
the raw material for countless consumer and industrial
products.
68. Geography
• Surveyors and cartographers, are responsible for
measuring and mapping the Earth’s surface.
• Surveyors establish official land, airspace, and water
boundaries. They take measurements of
construction and mineral sites.
• Other surveyors provide data about the shape,
contour, location, elevation, or dimension of land or
land features.
• Cartographers collect, analyze, interpret, and map
geographic information from surveys and from data
and photographs collected using airplanes and
satellites.
69. Green Building
• A green building, also known as a sustainable
building, is a structure that is designed, built,
renovated, operated, or reused in an ecological
and resource-efficient manner. Green buildings
are designed to meet certain objectives such as
protecting occupant health; improving employee
productivity; using energy, water, and other
resources more efficiently; and reducing the
overall impact to the environment.
70. Green Manufacturing
• Green manufacturing tries to prevent
pollution and save energy through the
discovery and development of new
knowledge that reduces and/or
eliminates the use or generation of
hazardous substances in the design,
manufacture, and application of
industrial processes and manufactured
products.
71. Transportation
Transportation is one the biggest areas for green jobs because it leads to so much
pollution. Here is a short list of problems and solutions which provide employment::
• Alternative Fuel Vehicles
• Bicycles
• Mass Transit
• Non-motorized Transportation
• Telecommuting
• Transportation Alternatives
• Transportation Pollution
• Urban Ecology
• Urban Issues
• Light Pollution
• Noise Pollution
• Sprawl
• Traffic
• Urban Heat Island Effect
• Urban Planning
72. Waste Management, Water Quality
• Water quality operators read, interpret, and
adjust meters and gauges to make sure that
plant equipment and processes are working
properly. Operators control chemical-feeding
devices, take samples of the water or
wastewater, perform chemical and biological
laboratory analyses, and adjust the amounts of
chemicals, such as chlorine, in the water. They
employ a variety of instruments to sample and
measure water quality, and they use common
hand and power tools to make repairs to valves,
pumps, and other equipment.
73. Wildlife
Study the origins, behavior, diseases,
genetics, and life processes of animals
and wildlife. You may specialize in wildlife
research and management, including the
collection and analysis of biological data to
determine the environmental effects of
present and potential use of land and
water areas.
74. The End
I hope you found this presentation
informative and enjoyable.
Good Luck!!
