Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin.

1. Epidemiological Features of Breast Cancer
in Georgia 2000-2009
W. P. Rivindu H. Wickramanayake
Group no. 04a
4th Year 2nd Semester – 2019 January
Tbilisi State Medical University, Georgia

2. INTRODUCTION
● Breast cancer, the most frequently occurring cancer in women, is a major
public health problem, with 1,384,155 estimated new cases worldwide
with nearly 459,000 related deaths.
● Breast cancer is highly heterogeneous in its pathological characteristics,
some cases showing slow growth with excellent prognosis, while others
being aggressive tumors.
● According to American Cancer Society, one in eight women in the United
States will develop breast cancer in her lifetime.
● It has been predicted that the worldwide incidence of female breast
cancer will reach approximately 3.2 million new cases per year by 2050.

3. ● These numbers reflect the magnitude of breast cancer incidence, its
effect on society worldwide and the need for urgency for preventive
and treatment measures.
● While technological advances in medical sciences and health care
have made it possible to detect the disease early and to start the
treatment early on to prevent the progress of the disease into a
metastatic state, there are several unanswered questions with regard
to the molecular mechanisms that underlie the aggressiveness of
certain forms of this disease.
● Epidemiological studies suggest that addressing socio economical
issues is utmost important, so that all women have equal access to
medical care from screening to advanced treatment, and only such
decisive action can help reduce the worldwide burden of breast cancer.

4. ● To find the epidemiological features of Breast Cancer in Georgia in 2000-2009
GOAL
MATERIALS AND METHOD
● Data obtained from survey from National Centre Disease Control of Georgia.
● In this study, descriptive epidemiological methods will be used to calculate the
incidence and prevalence rates of the data obtained.
Incidence rate =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Cause Specific Mortality rate =
Number of total death from a
specific cause in a population
Total population

5. 129.32 148.32 160.42 159.86
193.04 190.33 184.52 167.82
200.3
293.05
853.21
686.41
826.93
769.18
976.87
921.96
1045.1 1072.49 1047.13
1329.91
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Cancer Morbidity Result Rates in Georgia 2000 - 2009
Incidence Prevalence
Rateper100,000

6. 55.45
45.39 51.69 54.38 54.15 45.75 49.95 42.57
352.92
365.53
323.32
340.49
377.78 375.32
403.32
387.04
30.49 27.99 32.15 30.27 26.61 26.92 27.59 28.08
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Breast Cancer Result Rates in Georgia 2002-2009
Incidence Prevalence Cause Specific Mortality

7. 7.8
5.7
7.4 7.1
42
39.6 39.7
32
23.5
25.2 25.4
29.3
25.8 26.8
24
28.5
1 4 3.4 3.2
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2006 2007 2008 2009
Breast Cancer Stages at the Diagnosis in Georgia 2006-2009
Stage I Stage II Stage III Stage IV Unknown

8. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
0-24
30-34
40-44
50-54
60-64
70-74
80-84
0
1.17
5.03
10.74
30.19
19.28
37.82
51.21
77.6
76.72
57.86
65.89
74.4
69.92
Age Specific Incidence of Breast Cancer in Georgia
Incidence Rate per 100,000

9. 20.21
28.7
21.13
23.29
24.03
22.29
18.2
12.59
15.87
32.8
35.29
179.5
239.2
354.3
175
186.9
298.7
110.2
172
120.2
145.6
160.8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Achara
Tbilisi
Kakheti
Imereti
Samegrelo
Shida Kartli
Qvemo Kartli
Guria
Samtskhe-Javakheti
Mtskheta-Mtianeti
Racha-Lechkhumi
Breast Cancer Result Rates in different Regions of Georgia
Prevalence Incidence
Rate per 100,000

10. SUMMARY
● Both Incidence and Prevalence rates for Breast Cancer has been increasing
in Georgia within the period of 2000-2009.
● Maximum number of Deaths had been reported in 2004
● Maximum number of new cases had been diagnosed in the age group above
60 years old & least had been on the age group below 24 years old
suggesting the theory that it could be occurring with Post-Menopause.
● Every October is breast cancer awareness month.
● The Breast Cancer awareness day is every 4th Monday in October.
● This is to help raise awareness and to keep every one in the world informed
that breast cancer is diagnosed in many women in the world.
● The death rate because of this has dropped due to the information that is
distributed about how to screen to catch this in its earliest stages.

11. RECOMMENDATIONs
● Women ages 40 to 44 should have the choice to start annual breast cancer
screening with mammograms (x-rays of the breast) if they wish to do so.
● Women age 45 to 54 should get mammograms every year.
● Women 55 and older should switch to mammograms every 2 years, or can
continue yearly screening.
● Screening should continue as long as a woman is in good health and is expected to
live 10 more years or longer.
● All women should be familiar with the known benefits, limitations, and potential
harms linked to breast cancer screening.
● Women should also know how their breasts normally look and feel and report any
breast changes to a health care provider right away.
● Some women – because of their family history, a genetic tendency, or certain other
factors – should be screened with MRIs along with mammograms. (Very small
number of women.)

12. ● Limit alcohol.
- The more alcohol you drink, the greater your risk of developing breast cancer.
● Don't smoke.
- Evidence suggests a link between smoking and breast cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women.
● Control your weight.
- This is especially true if obesity occurs later in life, particularly after menopause.
● Be physically active.
- At least 150 minutes a week of moderate aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity weekly, plus
strength training at least twice a week.
● Breast-feed.
- The longer you breast-feed, the greater the protective effect.
● Limit dose and duration of hormone therapy.
- For more than three to five years increases the risk of breast cancer.
● Avoid exposure to radiation and environmental pollution.
References
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/womens-health/in-depth/breast-cancer-prevention/art-20044676
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25543329
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1697353-overview
https://www.cancer.org/healthy/find-cancer-early/cancer-screening-guidelines/american-cancer-society-
guidelines-for-the-early-detection-of-cancer.html